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Along with the fast growing economy, the term "BRICs" was coined to
represent the newly emerging countries - Brazil, Russia, India and
China. The enhanced economy in these countries has largely improved
people's life; at the same time, it has also strongly influenced
the transformation of social structure, norms and values. However,
as the world's attention centers on their economic development at
the micro level, the social changes at the micro level have often
been neglected, and a specific comparative study of these four
countries is even more rare. This handbook's contributing authors
are leading sociologists in the four countries. They fill the gap
in existing literature and examine specifically the changes in each
society from the perspective of social stratification, with topics
covering the main social classes, the inequality of education and
income, and the different styles of consumption as well as the
class consciousness and values. Under every topic, it gathers
articles from authors of each country. Such a comparative study
could not only help us achieve a better understanding of the
economic growth and social development in these countries, but also
lead us to unveil the mystery of how these emerging powers with
dramatic differences in history, geography, culture, language,
religion and politics could share a common will and take joint
action. In general, the handbook takes a unique perspective to show
readers that it is the profound social structural changes in these
countries that determine their future, and to a large extent, will
shape the socio-economic landscape of the future world.
Man-made or industrial processes, localised or geographically
distributed, need be automated in order to ensure they produce
quality, consistent, and cost-effective goods or services.
Automation systems for these processes broadly consist of
instrumentation, control, human interface, and communication
subsystems. This book introduces the basics of philosophy,
technology, terminology, and practices of modern automation systems
with simple illustrations and examples.
Overview of Industrial Process Automation, Second Edition,
introduces the basics of philosophy, technology, terminology, and
practices of modern automation systems through the presentation of
updated examples, illustrations, case studies, and images. This
updated edition adds new developments in the automation domain, and
its reorganization of chapters and appendixes provides better
continuity and seamless knowledge transfer. Manufacturing and
chemical engineers involved in factory and process automation, and
students studying industrial automation will find this book to be a
great, comprehensive resource for further explanation and study.
Soil resources in the world in general, and in rainfed region in
particular are at the verge of degradation because of natural
processes and anthropogenic interventions leading to low
agricultural productivity and environmental degradation. Beside
physical and chemical degradations due to soil erosion, soil
acidity, soil alkalinity, water logging, accumulation of toxic
compounds and heavy metals, organic matter and nutrient depletion,
the biological degradation and soil biodiversity decline are also
at alarming rate. The soil degradation can be reversed only by
following the restorative and conservation practices such as
minimum are zero tillage, recycling of crop residues, use of
organics, balanced fertilization, use of soil amendments, effective
soil and water conservation measures, appropriate cropping systems,
etc. This book deals with above mentioned issues and is the outcome
of the study on long term effects of tillage, crop residue
recycling and nitrogen levels on labile C pools and soil enzymes in
Sorghum-Castor system in tropics. Authors believe that the results
and experiences presented in this book will be of much interest and
use to the readers and researchers.
Sulphur is required by the plants in amounts similar to phosphorus
(P) and is important in protein formation and other plant
functions. It significantly influences yield and quality of crops,
improves odor and flavors, and imparts resistance to cold, and
hence it is generally considered as a 'quality nutrient'.
Sulphur-deficient soils are widely distributed around the world. In
the event of inadequate level of sulphur in soil, response of crops
to other nutrients also declines. In addition, the imbalanced use
of nitrogen and phosphorus in comparison to S, has widened, the N:
S and P: S ratios in soil. Resultantly, the yield of oilseed crops,
especially sunflower, is severely affected. Considering this
aspect, a comprehensive case study was conducted to evaluate the
response of sunflower to different sources and levels of sulphur in
semi- arid Alfisol soils. The experiences documented in this book
will be highly useful to Agricultural Scientists, Students, Land
managers, NGOs, State Agricultural Departments, Agricultural
Extension and Transfer of Technology Agencies, not only in India
but also in other countries of the world with similar climatic and
edaphic environments.
Alfisol, the dominant soil order in semi arid tropics of the world,
are the most degraded owing to several natural and anthropogenic
causes. Long-term studies were undertaken to improve and assess the
quality of these soils. This book is the outcome of various
experiences gained during the study and comprises of concepts of
soil quality, indicators to assess soil quality, methodologies for
estimation of various soil quality indicators and soil quality
assessment, past research experiences on the impact of soil and
nutrient management practices on soil quality and soil quality
indices, case studies on soil quality assessment under long term
management practices, future thrusts and research needs. As the
modern concepts of viewing soil quality are different from those
which were perceived three decades earlier, authors trust that this
publication would be of immense use to all categories of
stakeholders associated with agriculture viz., researchers,
students, NGOs and officials of State Agricultural Departments in
general and land care and soil managers in particular across the
arid and semi-arid Alfisol and associated soil regions of the
world.
"The changing structures of societies, patterns of family
interdependence, family and kin structures, demographic, social and
economic trends have all affected the relationship between
generations across the world. Such changes are going to have
tremendous implications for contemporary and future societies. The
most important issue is the extent of sharing of beliefs about
social obligations and changes therein across and within
generations. Although such issues related to intergenerational
relationships are gradually attracting academic and non-academic
interest, these have yet not been addressed systematically in
research. The 23 papers in the present volume (both empirical
studies and review articles), apart from highlighting existing
patterns and perceptions of intergenerational relationships from
Indian and Western perspectives, also focus on interventions aimed
at strengthening intergenerational relations. The book will prove
to be a valuable source material for sociologists, psychologists,
gerontologists, social work practitioners and NGOs working in this
field."
The focus of the study is on the nature and peace of social
transformaton in contemporary Shekawati. It is based on the
hypothesis that there was a nexus between caste, feudalism and
peasantry before independence, the dominant social formation being
feudalism. New social formations have emerged with the abolition of
Jagidari system. The study explains the incongruence between the
economic and political standing and the social and cultural
advancement of those now occupying positions of power.
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