Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.

Urbanization is giving rise to environmental concerns including urban flooding, which generally occurs due to the construction of houses in the low-lying areas; loss of green cover leading to a disturbance in the ecological cycle; water scarcity due to growing needs; and deforestation leading to habitat fragmentation, wildlife corridors disturbance, forest fires, and climate change. In order to correct these issues, a consolidated balance between human, nature, and spatial aspects must be resolved and spatial solutions integrated on a common platform. Addressing Environmental Challenges Through Spatial Planning is devoted to addressing environmental concerns and technology innovations in domains such as pollution, water insecurity, and resources management. This text works to bridge the gap between engineering considerations and spatial aspects of planning. Covering topics such as sustainable housing, environmental restoration, and air emissions, this text is essential for environmental engineers, planning researchers, faculty, environmental and civil administrators, architects, consultants, environmental activists, town and country planning organizations, and professionals in all industries who aspire to have an environmentally friendly atmosphere and to provide a sustainable way of dealing with the environment in their respective domains for process efficiency and cost optimization.

This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.

Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.

Reverse Osmosis starts with an overview of the historic development of the RO membrane, the RO process, and its effect on other membrane separation processes. Other chapters cover the development of nanocomposites of TFC membranes and modern membrane characterization techniques, such as TEM, AFM and PALS, the RO membrane transport model, and RO membrane fouling. The book also describes, in detail, experimental methods for setting up RO experiments, RO membrane modules, RO membrane systems, and desalination and water treatment by RO. Applications in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, biochemical, petroleum and petrochemical industries are also summarized. Other sections cover the development of RO membranes with high thermal and chemical stability, attempts to develop polymeric or inorganic membranes, and hybrid processes where RO is combined with forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD).

This edited book brings out a comprehensive account of the faunal diversity in Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve which is part of the Sundaland Biodiversity hotspot. The main focus of this volume is to address the ecological and economic significance of the biodiversity of this region. The book provides latest information on the faunal diversity of Great Nicobar Biosphere. It focuses on various faunal communities of this regions such as Floral diversity, Butterflies, Moths, Dragonflies & Damselflies, Termites, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Scorpion, Spiders, Turtle, Nicobar megapode. Chapters in this volume also covers Reptiles & Amphibians, Fishes, Mammals, Land and freshwater Mollusca. Marine animals such as Opisthobranchs, Sponges, Scleractinian Corals and Soft corals, Sea Anemones, Polyclads, Marine Molluscs, Echinoderms are also discussed. It is of interest for the researchers, teachers, scientists, capacity builders, policy makers. Also serve as reading materials for graduate and post graduate students e.g., Wildlife Biology, Forestry, Environmental Science, Wildlife Ecology, Zoology, Life sciences, Parks/Sanctuaries managers, National and International scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful document.

Urbanization is giving rise to environmental concerns including urban flooding, which generally occurs due to the construction of houses in the low-lying areas; loss of green cover leading to a disturbance in the ecological cycle; water scarcity due to growing needs; and deforestation leading to habitat fragmentation, wildlife corridors disturbance, forest fires, and climate change. In order to correct these issues, a consolidated balance between human, nature, and spatial aspects must be resolved and spatial solutions integrated on a common platform. Addressing Environmental Challenges Through Spatial Planning is devoted to addressing environmental concerns and technology innovations in domains such as pollution, water insecurity, and resources management. This text works to bridge the gap between engineering considerations and spatial aspects of planning. Covering topics such as sustainable housing, environmental restoration, and air emissions, this text is essential for environmental engineers, planning researchers, faculty, environmental and civil administrators, architects, consultants, environmental activists, town and country planning organizations, and professionals in all industries who aspire to have an environmentally friendly atmosphere and to provide a sustainable way of dealing with the environment in their respective domains for process efficiency and cost optimization.