As an area, Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) aims to design, develop and test socio-technical innovations that will support and enhance learning practices of individuals and organizations. Information retrieval is a pivotal activity in TEL and the deployment of recommender systems has attracted increased interest during the past years. Recommendation methods, techniques and systems open an interesting new approach to facilitate and support learning and teaching. The goal is to develop, deploy and evaluate systems that provide learners and teachers with meaningful guidance in order to help identify suitable learning resources from a potentially overwhelming variety of choices. Contributions address the following topics: i) user and item data that can be used to support learning recommendation systems and scenarios, ii) innovative methods and techniques for recommendation purposes in educational settings and iii) examples of educational platforms and tools where recommendations are incorporated.

As an area, Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) aims to design, develop and test socio-technical innovations that will support and enhance learning practices of individuals and organizations. Information retrieval is a pivotal activity in TEL and the deployment of recommender systems has attracted increased interest during the past years. Recommendation methods, techniques and systems open an interesting new approach to facilitate and support learning and teaching. The goal is to develop, deploy and evaluate systems that provide learners and teachers with meaningful guidance in order to help identify suitable learning resources from a potentially overwhelming variety of choices. Contributions address the following topics: i) user and item data that can be used to support learning recommendation systems and scenarios, ii) innovative methods and techniques for recommendation purposes in educational settings and iii) examples of educational platforms and tools where recommendations are incorporated.

Technology enhanced learning (TEL) aims to design, develop and test sociotechnical innovations that will support and enhance learning practices of both individuals and organisations. It is therefore an application domain that generally covers technologies that support all forms of teaching and learning activities. Since information retrieval (in terms of searching for relevant learning resources to support teachers or learners) is a pivotal activity in TEL, the deployment of recommender systems has attracted increased interest. This brief attempts to provide an introduction to recommender systems for TEL settings, as well as to highlight their particularities compared to recommender systems for other application domains.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2017, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in September 2017. The 24 full papers, 23 short papers, 6 demo papers, and 22 poster papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The theme for the 12th EC-TEL conference on Data Driven Approaches in Digital Education' aims to explore the multidisciplinary approaches thateectively illustrate how data-driven education combined with digital education systems can look like and what are the empirical evidences for the use of datadriven tools in educational practices.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2016, held in Lyon, France, in September 2016. The 26 full papers, 23 short papers, 8 demo papers, and 33 poster papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions.