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A volume in Contemporary Perspectives in Race and Ethnic Relations
Series Editors: M. Christopher Brown II, Alcorn State University
and T. Elon Dancy II, University of Oklahoma Filling in the Blanks
is a book dedicated to helping policymakers, researchers, academics
and teachers, better understand standardized testing and the
Black-White achievement gap. This book provides a wealth of
background information, as well as the most recent findings, about
testing and measurement concepts essential to understanding
standardized tests. The book then reviews theories and research
that has been conducted which explain the differences in
performance between Black and White test takers on many
standardized tests. Most notably, Filling in the Blanks presents
several new theories that address why Black students do not perform
as well as their White counterparts. These theories present very
novel and innovative perspectives to understanding these test
performance differences. The book ends with a host of
recommendations that are intended to address the concerns and
questions of several stakeholder groups. . The series centers on
volumes that treat race and ethnicity in conjunction or parallel
with social sciences, human studies, public policy, and/or
education and that disseminate ideas and strategies useful for
various communities against a backdrop of race and/or ethnicity in
America. Books in this series foreground novel thinking about race
and ethnicity, important policy/praxis issues, developing trends
and responses across society, and the concerns of public and/or
institutional constituencies. To the extent possible, books in the
series explore the interconnection of multiple perspectives, while
concurrently articulating implications resultant from the
intersections of race/ethnicity (i.e. gender, class, sexual
orientation, creed, ability). Each volume investigates one or more
critical topics missing from the extant literature, and engages one
or more theoretical perspectives
Interior Provocations: History, Theory, and Practice of Autonomous
Interiors addresses the broad cultural, historical, and theoretical
implications of interiors beyond their conventionally defined
architectural boundaries. With provocative contributions from
leading and emerging historians, theorists, and design
practitioners, the book is rooted in new scholarship that expands
traditional relationships between architecture and interiors and
that reflects the latest theoretical developments in the fields of
interior design history and practice. This collection contains
diverse case studies from the late eighteenth century to the
twenty-first century including Alexander Pope's Memorial Garden,
Design Indaba, and Robin Evans. It is an essential read for
researchers, practitioners, and students of interior design at all
levels.
Interior Provocations: History, Theory, and Practice of Autonomous
Interiors addresses the broad cultural, historical, and theoretical
implications of interiors beyond their conventionally defined
architectural boundaries. With provocative contributions from
leading and emerging historians, theorists, and design
practitioners, the book is rooted in new scholarship that expands
traditional relationships between architecture and interiors and
that reflects the latest theoretical developments in the fields of
interior design history and practice. This collection contains
diverse case studies from the late eighteenth century to the
twenty-first century including Alexander Pope’s Memorial Garden,
Design Indaba, and Robin Evans. It is an essential read for
researchers, practitioners, and students of interior design at all
levels.
Millions in our nation are under some type of judicial sanction,
with some individuals behind bars but the majority serving their
sentences while living and working among us. Introduction to
Corrections examines predominant issues related to the system of
administering to offenders in the United States. Written in a
simple, concise style and enhanced with discussion questions and a
list of key terms in each chapter, this volume begins with an
overview of the system and a historical review and then focuses on
select issues, including: Sentencing goals and rationales, and
types of sentencing Noncustodial supervision, including probation,
electronic monitoring, home confinement, halfway houses, and
offender registration Parole and postconfinement release Jail,
prison, and jurisdictional differences in correction systems
Challenges faced by corrections personnel, including overcrowding,
health issues, sexual assault in institutions, and prison gangs
Constitutional challenges to inmate controls Issues related to
victims' rights, including federal and state funds and notification
programs Correctional counseling perspectives and prevailing
sociological theories Controversies surrounding capital punishment
in the United States Juvenile corrections, including probation,
parole, and life sentences for minors The evolution of corrections
in the United States has spanned three centuries and has moved from
an origin of basic community-based confinement to an extensive
system that includes federal, state, local, private, and military
facilities and programs. Examining diverse topics relevant to a
range of professionals in the corrections community, this book
explores the functions of corrections as well as those who serve in
the profession.
Keena Roberts split her adolescence between the wilds of an island
camp in Botswana and the even more treacherous halls of an elite
Philadelphia private school. In Africa, she slept in a tent, cooked
over a campfire, and lived each day alongside the baboon colony her
parents were studying. She could wield a spear as easily as a
pencil, and it wasn't unusual to be chased by lions or elephants on
any given day. But for the months of the year when her family lived
in the United States, this brave kid from the bush was cowed by the
far more treacherous landscape of the preppy, private school social
hierarchy. Most girls Keena's age didn't spend their days changing
truck tires, baking their own bread, or running from elephants as
they tried to do their schoolwork. They also didn't carve bird
whistles from palm nuts or nearly knock themselves unconscious
trying to make homemade palm wine. But Keena's parents were famous
primatologists who shuttled her and her sister between Philadelphia
and Botswana every six months. Dreamer, reader and adventurer, she
was always far more comfortable avoiding lions and hippopotamuses
than she was dealing with spoiled middle-school field hockey
players. In Keena's funny, tender memoir, Wild Life, Africa bleeds
into America and vice versa, each culture amplifying the other. By
turns heartbreaking and hilarious, Wild Life is ultimately the
story of a daring but sensitive young girl desperately trying to
figure out if there's any place where she truly fits in.
This book considers the political and constitutional consequences
of Vieth v. Jubelirer (2004), where the Supreme Court held that
partisan gerrymandering challenges could no longer be adjudicated
by the courts. Through a rigorous scientific analysis of US House
district maps, the authors argue that partisan bias increased
dramatically in the 2010 redistricting round after the Vieth
decision, both at the national and state level. From a
constitutional perspective, unrestrained partisan gerrymandering
poses a critical threat to a central pillar of American democracy,
popular sovereignty. State legislatures now effectively determine
the political composition of the US House. The book answers the
Court's challenge to find a new standard for gerrymandering that is
both constitutionally grounded and legally manageable. It argues
that the scientifically rigorous partisan symmetry measure is an
appropriate legal standard for partisan gerrymandering, as it
logically implies the constitutional right to individual equality
and can be practically applied.
State legislatures are tasked with drawing state and federal
districts and administering election law, among many other
responsibilities. Yet state legislatures are themselves
gerrymandered. This book examines how, why, and with what
consequences, drawing on an original dataset of ninety-five state
legislative maps from before and after 2011 redistricting.
Identifying the institutional, political, and geographic
determinants of gerrymandering, the authors find that Republican
gerrymandering increased dramatically after the 2011 redistricting
and bias was most extreme in states with racial segregation where
Republicans drew the maps. This bias has had long-term
consequences. For instance, states with the most extreme Republican
gerrymandering were more likely to pass laws that restricted voting
rights and undermined public health, and they were less likely to
respond to COVID-19. The authors examine the implications for
American democracy and for the balance of power between federal and
state government; they also offer empirically grounded
recommendations for reform.
This book provides a refined definition of standardized educational
test fairness that can be utilized in multiple contexts to better
understand the experiences and perspectives of diverse groups of
test takers. Globally, there has been a significant influx in the
use of and dependence on standardized tests to foster educational
improvements. Standardized testing programs such as TIMSS (Trends
in International Mathematics and Science Study), are designed to
provide information about a country's global standing in multiple
academic areas, ranking individuals and/or groups relative to the
performance of others. The high-stakes nature of standardized tests
has increased public concern and interest in issues related to test
fairness. Since standardized test performance has a profound
influence on multiple aspects of educational systems, it is
imperative to better understand and examine issues of fairness.
Tight political races with their emotionally charged debates,
mud-slinging, and uncertain outcomes are stressful for voters and
candidates alike, but that stress may be healthy for democracy. In
Competitive Elections and the American Voter, Keena Lipsitz argues
that highly contested electoral battles create an environment that
allows citizens to make more enlightened decisions. The first book
to use democratic theory to evaluate the quality of campaign
rhetoric, Competitive Elections and the American Voter offers a
rare overview of political contests at different levels of
government. Lipsitz draws on a range of contemporary democratic
theories, including egalitarian and deliberative conceptions, to
develop campaign communication standards. To promote the values of
political competition, equality, and deliberation Lipsitz contends
that voters must have access to abundant, balanced information,
representing a range of voices and involving a high level of
dialogue between the candidates. Using advertising data, the book
examines whether competitive House, Senate, and presidential
campaigns operating at the state level generate such facts and
arguments. It also tests the connection between this knowledge and
greater voter understanding and engagement. Because close elections
can push candidates to attack their opponents, the book
investigates how negative advertising affects voters as well. Given
the link between electoral competitiveness and an informed
electorate, the book includes reform proposals that enhance
competition. Competitive Elections and the American Voter reminds
us that we avoid political controversy and conflict at our peril.
This eye-opening analysis of political communication and campaign
information environments encourages citizens, scholars, and
campaign reformers to recognize the crucial role that well
contested elections play in a democracy.
Comedy Thriller set in American High School. When things don't go
their own way for three rich, spoilt, girl students, they decide to
take action. Ignored by head hunk Drew Jonathon Brandis), Danielle
(Julie Benz), plans to get rid of the competition, Katarina (
Suzanna Urszuly). Strangely, all three suddenly start to age
rapidly, and faced with a crisis, they'll pay any price to get
their looks back.
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