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Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning,
decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its
neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of
rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the
psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas
about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The
essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in
creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and
analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative
heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional
conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical
models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality-a
rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but
able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors
consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with
the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning
the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic
approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of
reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning,
creativity, and its neurological base. Contributors Maria Bagassi,
Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric
Billaut, Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam,
Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna
Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe
Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer,
Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun,
Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel
Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale
Cognitive science is a cross-disciplinary enterprise devoted to
understanding the nature of the mind. In recent years,
investigators in philosophy, psychology, the neurosciences,
artificial intelligence, and a host of other disciplines have come
to appreciate how much they can learn from one another about the
various dimensions of cognition. The result has been the emergence
of one of the most exciting and fruitful areas of
inter-disciplinary research in the history of science. This volume
of original essays surveys foundational, theoretical, and
philosophical issues across the discipline, and introduces the
foundations of cognitive science, the principal areas of research,
and the major research programs. With a focus on broad
philosophical themes rather than detailed technical issues, the
volume will be valuable not only to cognitive scientists and
philosophers of cognitive science, but also to those in other
disciplines looking for an authoritative and up-to-date
introduction to the field.
Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a cross-disciplinary approach to
understanding, modeling, and creating intelligence of various
forms. It is a critical branch of cognitive science, and its
influence is increasingly being felt in other areas, including the
humanities. AI applications are transforming the way we interact
with each other and with our environment, and work in artificially
modeling intelligence is offering new insights into the human mind
and revealing new forms mentality can take. This volume of original
essays presents the state of the art in AI, surveying the
foundations of the discipline, major theories of mental
architecture, the principal areas of research, and extensions of AI
such as artificial life. With a focus on theory rather than
technical and applied issues, the volume will be valuable not only
to people working in AI, but also to those in other disciplines
wanting an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the field.
Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a cross-disciplinary approach to
understanding, modeling, and creating intelligence of various
forms. It is a critical branch of cognitive science, and its
influence is increasingly being felt in other areas, including the
humanities. AI applications are transforming the way we interact
with each other and with our environment, and work in artificially
modeling intelligence is offering new insights into the human mind
and revealing new forms mentality can take. This volume of original
essays presents the state of the art in AI, surveying the
foundations of the discipline, major theories of mental
architecture, the principal areas of research, and extensions of AI
such as artificial life. With a focus on theory rather than
technical and applied issues, the volume will be valuable not only
to people working in AI, but also to those in other disciplines
wanting an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the field.
This book explores the idea that we have two minds - one that is
automatic, unconscious, and fast, the other controlled, conscious,
and slow. In recent years there has been great interest in
so-called dual-process theories of reasoning and rationality.
According to dual processs theories, there are two distinct systems
underlying human reasoning - an evolutionarily old system that is
associative, automatic, unconscious, parallel, and fast, and a more
recent, distinctively human system that is rule-based, controlled,
conscious, serial, and slow. Within the former, processes are held
to be innate and to use heuristics which evolved to solve specific
adaptive problems. In the latter, processes are taken to be
learned, flexible, and responsive to rational norms.
Despite the attention these theories are attracting, there is
still poor communication between dual-process theorists themselves,
and the substantial bodies of work on dual processes in cognitive
psychology and social psychology remain isolated from each other.
This book brings together leading researchers on dual-processes to
summarize the state of the art, highlight key issues, present
different perspectives, explore implications, and provide a
stimulus to further work.
It includes new ideas about the human mind both by contemporary
philosophers interested in broad theoretical questions about mental
architecture and by psychologists specialising in traditionally
distinct and isolated fields. For all those in the cognitive
sciences, this is a book that will advance dual-process theorizing,
promote interdisciplinary communication, and encourage further
applications of dual-process approaches.
Mind and Supermind offers an alternative perspective on the nature
of belief and the structure of the human mind. Keith Frankish
argues that the folk-psychological term 'belief' refers to two
distinct types of mental state, which have different properties and
support different kinds of mental explanation. Building on this
claim, he develops a picture of the human mind as a two-level
structure, consisting of a basic mind and a supermind, and shows
how the resulting account sheds light on a number of puzzling
phenomena and helps to vindicate folk psychology. Topics discussed
include the function of conscious thought, the cognitive role of
natural language, the relation between partial and flat-out belief,
the possibility of active belief formation, and the nature of
akrasia, self-deception and first-person authority. This book will
be valuable for philosophers, psychologists and cognitive
scientists.
Mind and Supermind offers an alternative perspective on the nature
of belief and the structure of the human mind. Keith Frankish
argues that the folk-psychological term 'belief' refers to two
distinct types of mental state, which have different properties and
support different kinds of mental explanation. Building on this
claim, he develops a picture of the human mind as a two-level
structure, consisting of a basic mind and a supermind, and shows
how the resulting account sheds light on a number of puzzling
phenomena and helps to vindicate folk psychology. Topics discussed
include the function of conscious thought, the cognitive role of
natural language, the relation between partial and flat-out belief,
the possibility of active belief formation, and the nature of
akrasia, self-deception and first-person authority. This book will
be valuable for philosophers, psychologists and cognitive
scientists.
Cognitive science is a cross-disciplinary enterprise devoted to
understanding the nature of the mind. In recent years,
investigators in philosophy, psychology, the neurosciences,
artificial intelligence, and a host of other disciplines have come
to appreciate how much they can learn from one another about the
various dimensions of cognition. The result has been the emergence
of one of the most exciting and fruitful areas of
inter-disciplinary research in the history of science. This volume
of original essays surveys foundational, theoretical, and
philosophical issues across the discipline, and introduces the
foundations of cognitive science, the principal areas of research,
and the major research programs. With a focus on broad
philosophical themes rather than detailed technical issues, the
volume will be valuable not only to cognitive scientists and
philosophers of cognitive science, but also to those in other
disciplines looking for an authoritative and up-to-date
introduction to the field.
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