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International experts in the field of oil spill response,
including reprsentatives from 26 NATO countries, participated in a
workshop in Canada to discuss their experience in the development
and application of current and emerging technologies for oil spill
response in the marine environment. These presentations which form
the basis of chapters in this book provide a practical viewpoint of
methods used to deal with oil spills under the variety of
environmental conditions found in the marine environment. In
particular, focus is given to the evaluation of oil spill
countermeasures for use under arctic conditions in light of
anticipated regional increases in marine traffic (e.g. Northwest
Passage) and industrial activities (e.g. offshore oil and gas
exploration) in the future.
This book provides a timely international perspective on applied
research and development, technology transfer, and lessons learned
from field trials and actual case studies associated with recent
spill events. Topics include Preparedness/Contingency Planning,
(Eco-terrorism); Oil Spill Fate and Transport (Environmental
Persistence, Remote Sensing, modelling, Biodegradation), Biological
Effects (Environmental Effects Monitoring and Environmental Risk
Assessment); and Operational Response (Containment/Recovery
Treating Agents, Shoreline Cleanup, In-situ Burning, Emerging
Response Strategies). This book provides a synopsis as to the
methods currently employed to deals with spills and an insight on
future technologies under development. "
This title includes state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge
on the environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and
advances in mitigation technologies. In offshore oil and gas
operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from
a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume
discharged). Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas
production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of
an offshore production platform. Produced water discharge as waste
into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its
potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of
ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results.
For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that
significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the
'point of discharge' due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters.
However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal
impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water
from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. As the composition
and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary
from one geologic formation to another, this conference also
highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.
Originally published in 1977, this book explored some of the major
problems besetting the Health Service during the second half of the
twentieth century. Now, as then, they offer both historical
perspective on contemporary difficulties and invite debate about
the future development of health services. The main themes are the
medical care system and its organisational structures; the managers
and the providers of the system, their tasks and responses; the
resources available whether financial, human or material; and
finally the consumers and their influence upon the overall
direction of the system.
In 1997 the United States accepted more legal immigrants than all
other countries combined. This large influx of newcomers, however,
has alarmed many Americans. Immigration is a controversial issue
because it intersects with the most contentious issues of our time:
multiculturalism, bilingualism, unemployment, crime, etc. Opinion
polls since 1965 show that a strong majority want to reduce
immigration. Yet our government has refused to respond to the
public's wish. In 1996, Congress scuttled a proposal to reduce
immigration by a third. (Earlier, in 1990, Congress voted to
increase immigration by a whopping 40 percent.) This is all the
more surprising because the United States has had no qualms about
severely restricting immigration in the past. Kenneth Lee explains
why recent immigration policy has failed to reflect the public
opinion by approaching the question from a broad, historical
outlook, and from a focused, contemporary perspective. He traces
several momentous historical changes that have abetted the
pro-immigration block and weakened the restrictionists' clout
(mainly, the rise of conservative economics in the 1970s and the
growing racial liberalism in America). He also examines immigration
policy on a micro-level: detailing the intense lobbying that went
on for the 1990 and 1996 immigration bills, and he also shows how
unlikely players as, for example, Christian Coalition's Ralph Reed,
helped defeat the restrictionist bill in 1996.
Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world. This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.
This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of
Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and
applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a
resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design
and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope
is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for
low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing
electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly
interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social
sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The
opening section reviews the history of "technology-for-development"
research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of
work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It
identifies common challenges in development and explains the book's
iterative approach of "innovation, implementation, evaluation,
adaptation." Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a
different sector: energy and environment; market performance;
education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital
governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case
studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering
innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social
sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or
scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form,
with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity
and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful
solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the
rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the
core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case
studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and
scientists will face in designing technology interventions that
sustainably accelerate economic development. Development
Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual
framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global
climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers
the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new
generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social
justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities
around the world.
Korea has had a long, great civilization, with four "golden ages."
Destruction caused by foreign powers has failed to extinguish the
Korean spirit for survival. Korea, at least its southern part, is
at the threshold of another golden age, despite the handicap of
being a divided nation. To understand Korea's present situation,
one must look back at many thousands of years of Korean history.
The purpose of this study is to look squarely at that history,
including the atrocities committed against Koreans by several
countries, especially Japan in the periods of 1592-1598 and
1895-1945. Some of the questions addressed in this study are: How
did Koreans rebuild their country time after time, following
destruction by foreign invaders? How could Koreans, in recent
years, rebuild their economy in such a short time? What motivates
them? Why is North Korea so different from South Korea? What is the
potential of Korea in the twenty-first century? Why do Koreans have
such difficulty unifying their country?
A state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge on the
environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and
advances in mitigation technologies. In offshore oil and gas
operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from
a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume
discharged). Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas
production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of
an offshore production platform. Produced water discharge as waste
into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its
potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of
ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results.
For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that
significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the
"point of discharge" due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters.
However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal
impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water
from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. As the composition
and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary
from one geologic formation to another, this conference also
highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.
International experts in the field of oil spill response,
including reprsentatives from 26 NATO countries, participated in a
workshop in Canada to discuss their experience in the development
and application of current and emerging technologies for oil spill
response in the marine environment. These presentations which form
the basis of chapters in this book provide a practical viewpoint of
methods used to deal with oil spills under the variety of
environmental conditions found in the marine environment. In
particular, focus is given to the evaluation of oil spill
countermeasures for use under arctic conditions in light of
anticipated regional increases in marine traffic (e.g. Northwest
Passage) and industrial activities (e.g. offshore oil and gas
exploration) in the future.
This book provides a timely international perspective on applied
research and development, technology transfer, and lessons learned
from field trials and actual case studies associated with recent
spill events. Topics include Preparedness/Contingency Planning,
(Eco-terrorism); Oil Spill Fate and Transport (Environmental
Persistence, Remote Sensing, modelling, Biodegradation), Biological
Effects (Environmental Effects Monitoring and Environmental Risk
Assessment); and Operational Response (Containment/Recovery
Treating Agents, Shoreline Cleanup, In-situ Burning, Emerging
Response Strategies). This book provides a synopsis as to the
methods currently employed to deals with spills and an insight on
future technologies under development.
The influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
on accounting across the world is stronger than ever. Most
importantly, this stems from the mandatory adoption of IFRSs in
many parts of the world, including Europe, Canada, Australia,
Brazil and, with some relatively small exceptions, China.
Additionally, foreign registrants in the US are also permitted to
use IFRS by the SEC. The impact of IFRSs also extends to accounting
developments as the IASB and the FASB work closely together to
formulate new standards such as those recently issued on leasing
and revenue recognition. It is clear that investors, analysts and
valuers need to understand financial statements produced under IFRS
to feed in to their valuations and broader investment decisions.
Written by practitioners for practitioners, the book addresses
valuation from the viewpoint of the analyst, the investor and the
corporate acquirer. It starts with valuation theory: what is to be
discounted and at what discount rate? It explains the connection
between standard methodologies based on free cash flow and on
return on capital. And it emphasizes that, whichever method is
used, accurate interpretation of accounting information is critical
to the production of sensible valuations. The authors argue that
forecasts of cash flows imply views on profits and balance sheets,
and that non-cash items contain useful information about future
cash flows - so profits matter. The book addresses the implications
for analysis, modelling and valuation of key aspects of IFRS, all
updated for recent developments, including: - Pensions - Stock
options - Derivatives - Provisions - Leases - Revenue recognition -
Foreign currency The text also sets out the key differences between
IFRS and US GAAP treatments of these issues, in addition to their
implications for analysis. A detailed case study is used to provide
a step-by-step valuation of an industrial company using both free
cash flow and economic profit methodologies. The authors then
address a range of common valuation problems, including cyclical or
immature companies, as well as the specialist accounting and
modelling knowledge required for regulated utilities, resource
extraction companies, banks, insurance companies, real estate
companies and technology companies. Accounting for mergers and
disposals is first explained and then illustrated with a detailed
potential acquisition.
This book arises from the challenges and difficulties involved in
the evaluation and management of concussions in wheelchair
athletes. Concussions are most readily identified in the ambulatory
population via identifying gross motor instability or when athletes
lose their balance and stumble after a blow to the head or neck
region. Because wheelchair athletes participate in sport while
sitting down and using a wheelchair, clinicians must be extra
attentive to identify a potential concussion. Once a potential
concussion is identified, there are many challenges in evaluation
of the wheelchair athlete population due to their comorbidities. At
baseline, they may have signs and symptoms that mimic a concussion,
and their impairments can also alter their cognitive and balance
assessments. Therefore, it is critical to make a distinction
between these athletes' baseline comorbid impairments and potential
new exam findings in a concussion. Filling in a critical gap in the
literature, this is a concise pocket guide for any clinician,
trainer, or rehabilitation specialist who is involved in wheelchair
sports. It focuses on the unique challenges in evaluating a
concussion in the wheelchair athlete, including baseline testing,
the process of evaluating the signs and symptoms of a concussion,
cognitive and vestibular examination, new clinical techniques
specific to wheelchair athletes, and the return to play process. A
Concussion Management Program (CMP) for use on the sideline as well
as in the office is included. Practical and timely, Concussion
Management for Wheelchair Athletes is a valuable resource to
increase awareness, provide guidance on the unique challenges
within this population, and generate interest in future research
and investigation.
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