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Emphasizing that administrative law must be understood within the
context of the political system, this core text combines a
descriptive systems approach with a social science focus. Author
Kenneth F. Warren explains the role of administrative law in
shaping, guiding, and restricting the actions of administrative
agencies. Providing comprehensive coverage, he examines the field
not only from state and federal angles, but also from the varying
perspectives of legislators, administrators, and the public.
Substantially revised, the sixth edition emphasizes current trends
in administrative law, recent court decisions, and the impact the
Trump administration has had on public administration and
administrative law. Special attention is devoted to how the
neo-conservative revival, strengthened by Trump appointments to the
federal judiciary, have influenced the direction of administrative
law and impacted the administrative state. Administrative Law in
the Political System: Law, Politics, and Regulatory Policy, Sixth
Edition is a comprehensive administrative law textbook written by a
social scientist for social science students, especially upper
division undergraduate and graduate students in political science,
public administration, public management, and public policy and
administration programs.
The steel industry provides much of the material basis for modern
civilisation. Although its end products are numerous, the largest
sector of the industry is involved in the production of wide strip.
This is used by countless other industries to make a range of
products from automobile bodies, and the cases of domestic
appliances, to metal furniture and cans for the preservation of
foodstuffs and drinks. A hundred years ago sheet steel was made in
labor-intensive operations by a large number of small rolling
mills. This is an account of how this relatively backward part of
the industry was transformed by the invention and industrial
application of a revolutionary new technology. In the hot strip
mill a slab of steel was passed through a series of rolls to be
reduced into a continuous band of wide strip, which was then
shipped either as coils or cut into sheets. The introduction of the
wide continuous hot strip mill began to concentrate the sheet and
tin plate industry into much bigger operations complete with iron
making, steel works, rolling mills and finishing plant. New
companies rose to prominence; some old industry leaders fell
behind. Many former locations for sheet manufacture were abandoned,
but other old plants and companies re-equipped and survived. Major
producers of other products entered the new trade. Less than thirty
years ago another major change began when electric arc steel
furnace operators began to install strip mills and the trade of the
now rather inappropriately named `mini-mill` grew rapidly at the
expense of the longer established iron-open hearth steel-primary
rolling mill-strip mill industry. Now, as its centenary approaches,
the strip mill sector is still undergoing major changes. This book
surveys the growth, structure and changes in this dominant part of
the steel industry. The strip mill has transformed steel
world-wide, but in its origins and development it has above all
been a distinctively American achievement.
Emphasizing that administrative law must be understood within the
context of the political system, this core text combines a
descriptive systems approach with a social science focus. Author
Kenneth F. Warren explains the role of administrative law in
shaping, guiding, and restricting the actions of administrative
agencies. Providing comprehensive coverage, he examines the field
not only from state and federal angles, but also from the varying
perspectives of legislators, administrators, and the public.
Substantially revised, the sixth edition emphasizes current trends
in administrative law, recent court decisions, and the impact the
Trump administration has had on public administration and
administrative law. Special attention is devoted to how the
neo-conservative revival, strengthened by Trump appointments to the
federal judiciary, have influenced the direction of administrative
law and impacted the administrative state. Administrative Law in
the Political System: Law, Politics, and Regulatory Policy, Sixth
Edition is a comprehensive administrative law textbook written by a
social scientist for social science students, especially upper
division undergraduate and graduate students in political science,
public administration, public management, and public policy and
administration programs.
The factory specializing on hydraulic cranes, the engineers,
armament makers and naval shipbuilders was set up in 1847 by
William Armstrong at Elswick, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. It had become,
before 1900, the ordanance, armour, naval and merchant shipbuilding
and commercial engineering giant, Armstrong Whitworth. Armstrongs
was prominent in the half dozen world-ranking armament concerns.
After the extensions and exertions of the Great War, it was faced
with collapse. It then became one of the earliest subjects for Bank
of England involvement in industrial reconstruction. This book
analyzes Armstrong's 80 years rise, decline and reorganization,
treating it, in some ways, as a case study of British industrial
malaise. The author has had access to Armstrong papers and minute
books at Tyne and Wear Archives and Vickers Ltd, material in the
University of Glasgow's Business Archives, and the extensive files
of the Securities Management Trust in the Bank of England.
The southwestern Pennsylvania town of Connellsville lay in the
middle of a massive reserve of high quality coal. Connellsville
coal was so soft and easily worked that one man and a boy could cut
and load ten tons of it in ten hours. This region became a major
source of coke, a vital material in industrial processes, above all
in steel manufacture, producing forty-seven percent of America`s
supply in 1913. But by the 1920s, what had seemed to be a gold mine
was turning into a devastating economic, environmental and social
loss. In Wealth, Waste, and Alienation, Kenneth Warren draws from
primary source material, including the minutes and letters of the
Carnegie Steel Company, the United States Steel Corporation, and
the archives of Henry Clay Frick, to explain the birth, phenomenal
growth, decline and death of the Connellsville coke industry. Its
rich natural resources produced wealth for individuals, companies,
and some communities, but as Warren shows, there was also social
alienation, waste, and devastation of the natural environment. The
complicated structure of enterprise, capital, and labor which made
this region flourish unwound almost as quickly as it arose,
creating repercussions that are still reverberating in what's left
of Connellsville today, a kind of postindustrial rural shell of its
former productive glory.
Charles Schwab was known to his employees, business associates, and
competitors as a congenial and charismatic person-a 'born
salesman.' Yet Schwab was much more than a salesman-he was a
captain of industry, a man who streamlined and economized the
production of steel and ran the largest steelmaking conglomerate in
the world. A self-made man, he became one of the wealthiest
Americans during the Gilded Age, only to die penniless in 1939.
Schwab began his career as a stake driver at Andrew Carnegie's
Edgar Thomson steel works in Pittsburgh at the age of seventeen. By
thirty-five, he was president of Carnegie Steel. In 1901, he helped
form the U.S. Steel Corporation, a company that produced well over
half the nation's iron and steel. In 1904, Schwab left U.S. Steel
to head Bethlehem Steel, which after twelve years under his
leadership, became the second-largest steel producer in America.
President Woodrow Wilson called on Schwab to head the Emergency
Fleet Corporation to produce merchant ships for the transport of
troops and materials abroad during World War I. Kenneth Warren
presents a compelling biography that chronicles the startling
success of Schwab's business career, his leadership abilities, and
his drive to advance steel-making technology and operations.
Through extensive research and use of previously unpublished
archival documentation, Warren offers a new perspective on the life
of a monumental figure--a true visionary--in the industrial history
of America.
In the late 19th century, rails from Bethlehem Steel helped build
the United States into the world's foremost economy. During the
1890s, Bethlehem became America's leading supplier of heavy
armaments, and by 1914, it had pioneered new methods of structural
steel manufacture that transformed urban skylines. Demand for its
war materials during World War I provided the finance for Bethlehem
to become the world's second-largest steel maker. As late as 1974,
the company achieved record earnings of $342 million. But in the
1980s and 1990s, through wildly fluctuating times, losses
outweighed gains, and Bethlehem struggled to downsize and reinvest
in newer technologies. By 2001, in financial collapse, it
reluctantly filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Two years
later, International Steel Group acquired the company for $1.5
billion. In Bethlehem Steel, Kenneth Warren presents an original
and compelling history of a leading American company, examining the
numerous factors contributing to the growth of this titan and those
that eventually felled it-along with many of its competitors in the
U.S. steel industry. Warren considers the investment failures,
indecision and slowness to abandon or restructure outdated
\u201cintegrated\u201d plants plaguing what had become an insular,
inward-looking management group. Meanwhile competition increased
from more economical \u201cmini mills\u201d at home and from new,
technologically superior plants overseas, which drove world prices
down, causing huge flows of imported steel into the United States.
Bethlehem Steel provides a fascinating case study in the
transformation of a major industry from one of American dominance
to one where America struggled to survive.
At its formation in 1901, the United States Steel Corporation was
the earth\u2019s biggest industrial corporation, a wonder of the
manufacturing world. Immediately it produced two thirds of
America\u2019s raw steel and thirty percent of the steel made
worldwide. The behemoth company would go on to support the
manufacturing superstructure of practically every other industry in
America. It would create and sustain the economies of many
industrial communities, especially Pittsburgh, employing more than
a million people over the course of the century. A hundred years
later, the U.S. Steel Group of USX makes scarcely ten percent of
the steel in the United States and just over one and a half percent
of global output. Far from the biggest, the company is now
considered the most efficient steel producer in the world. What
happened between then and now, and why, is the subject of Big
Steel, the first comprehensive history of the company at the center
of America\u2019s twentieth-century industrial life. Granted
privileged and unprecedented access to the U.S. Steel archives,
Kenneth Warren has sifted through a long, complex business history
to tell a compelling story. Its preeminent size was supposed to
confer many advantages to U.S. Steel—economies of scale,
monopolies of talent, etc. Yet in practice, many of those
advantages proved illusory. Warren shows how, even in its early
years, the company was out-maneuvered by smaller competitors and
how, over the century, U.S. Steel\u2019s share of the industry, by
every measure, steadily declined. Warren\u2019s subtle analysis of
years of internal decision making reveals that the company\u2019s
size and clumsy hierarchical structure made it uniquely difficult
to direct and manage. He profiles the chairmen who grappled with
this \u201clumbering giant,\u201d paying particular attention to
those who long ago created its enduring corporate culture—Charles
M. Schwab, Elbert H. Gary, and Myron C. Taylor. Warren points to
the way U.S. Steel\u2019s dominating size exposed it to public
scrutiny and government oversight—a cautionary force. He analyzes
the ways that labor relations affected company management and
strategy. And he demonstrates how U.S. Steel suffered gradually,
steadily, from its paradoxical ability to make high profits while
failing to keep pace with the best practices. Only after the
drastic pruning late in the century—when U.S. Steel reduced its
capacity by two-thirds—did the company become a world leader in
steel-making efficiency, rather than merely in size. These lessons,
drawn from the history of an extraordinary company, will enrich the
scholarship of industry and inform the practice of business in the
twenty-first century.
Best remembered today for his fierce opposition to labor,
especially during the Homestead Strike of 1892, Henry Clay Frick
was also one of the most powerful and innovative industrialists of
the nineteenth century. Kenneth Warren is the first historian to be
given unrestricted access to the extensive Frick archives in
Pittsburgh. Drawing on Frick's personal and business papers, as
well as the records of the H. C. Frick Coal & Coke Company, the
Carnegie Steel Company, and the U.S. Steel Corporation, Warren
provides a wealth of new insights into Frick's relationship with
such contemporaries as Carnegie, J. P. Morgan, Charles Schwab, and
Elbert Gary. He describes and analyzes the key decisions that
formed labor and industrial policy in the iron and steel industry
during a period of growth that remains unparalleled in American
business history. Not only an industrial biography of a driving
force in American industry and the organization of American
business, Triumphant Capitalism makes a major contribution to our
understanding of the history of the basic industries, the shaping
of society, locality, and region - and thereby of laying the
foundations for the value systems and landscapes of present-day
America.
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