Visual information processing in humans with intellectual disabilities and in animals is presented, for conceptual and methodological reasons. Much of the evolutionary path of higher primate species has involved the development of sophisticated visual systems that interact with complex, higher-order cognitive processes. Key questions in cognitive science address the manner in which the environment is represented by the organism, and thus relate to how knowledge about the world is gleaned, with implications for theories of action and decision making. Finally, it has become apparent that the distinction between perceptual and cognitive processes is not always a clear one, and that these processes interact in critical ways in underlying complex behavioral repertoires.

Consistent with the emphasis in this series on individual differences, both typical and atypical development are explored here. Philosophical approaches to visualism are also presented. Chapters have import both for basic science and for the development of applications.

In our daily attempt to make sense of life and the world, we come to realise that appropriation of life hinges upon our mindfulness. Being alert to how we dwell in the interior and exterior landscapes of our existence may yet turn around the present modes of living into a salutary condition and/or a better direction. And yet, in what sense(s) does "mindfulness" matter to us for genuinely experiencing our mortal time and for (re-)creation of the world? How successfully does "mindfulness" intervene the psycho-somatic experience of predicaments and enable us to better cope with times of distress and suffering? This book is an interdisciplinary collection of studies on mindfulness explored and discussed by the authors from different walks of life, disciplines and interests. It offers a rich set of interventions related to the practice of mindfulness meditations which effectively reduces human predicaments of menstrual-stress, neurosis, loneliness, anxiety, trauma, forgetfulness, and distress over cancer, fear of dying alone, mourning, etc., gathered by the authors through their research, teaching, and practice from the fields of philosophy, psychology, medicine, therapy, social work, education and fine arts. The authors in this volume are thus attuned to the menace of recognisable objectivism and objectification of intrinsically interconnected lives of things, and are seeking, through their studies, ways of overcoming a tyranny of the "I" under a zenith of its objectivism in our cultural climate. Accordingly, this volume includes also three informative essays on the Mahayana Buddhist traditions in India and China, Japanese Soto Zen practice of Dogen, and a comparative study of meditation between the Western and the Eastern traditions of spirituality, so as to shed light on the historical and philosophical backgrounds of mindfulness meditation of the far East. This collection of essays closes with mindfulness as an issue of "interspecies, human-animal relations". In order to find a step beyond the epoch of anthropocentrism, this book will extend our alertness to non-human animals wherein the essential traits of mankind have been repeatedly drawn and appropriated in the history of man. In conclusion, the book will examine new possibilities in the mind of the reader for seeking a way of authentic co-belonging with other species and of building a new ethos beyond the age of objectivism and anthropocentrism.