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Due to increasing population, decreased cultivable land, and
mounting scarcity of water, it is essential to optimize the use of
available resources. Climate change is occurring across the world
but its effect may be local or region-specific, including localized
watershed management. In order to minimize these effects,
governments and environmental agencies encourage the adoption of
"climate-smart" agricultural technologies, which involve
implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance
watersheds. Natural ecosystems, in their altered states, have
always been relied upon to support the continuity of agricultural
production and ecosystem services, such as flood and erosion
control, mediation of water quality, stream flow regulation,
microclimate regulation, and biodiversity in its various forms.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, the adoption of these sustainable water management
practices has resulted in savings of water and energy as well as a
reduction of carbon emissions, decreased erosion, increased organic
matter content and biotic activity in soils, increased crop-water
availability and thus resilience to drought, improved recharge of
aquifers, and reduced impact of the variability in weather due to
climate change. Advances in Water Management Under Climate Change
examines all of these issues and provides best practices for
sustainability. Features: Presents the latest research in
hydrology, hydraulics, water resources engineering, and
agricultural best practices Examines water management practices to
best address and ideally mitigate climate change Explains the nexus
of agriculture, micro irrigation, AI applications in water
management and the impact of climate change on water resources
Includes practical examples to present practical insights of water
management for climate change mitigation
The over-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate
over recent decades has led to unacceptable declines in groundwater
resources. Under the likely scarcity of available water resources
in the near future, it is critical to quantify and manage the
available water resources. With increasing demand for potable water
for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial uses, the need
to evaluate the groundwater development, management, and
productivity of aquifers also increases. Laboratory Manual for
Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps serves as a valuable resource and
provides a multi-disciplinary overview for academics,
administrators, scientists, policymakers, and professionals
involved in the managing sustainable groundwater development
programs. It includes practical guidance on the measurement of
groundwater flow, soil properties, aquifer properties, wells and
their design, as well as the latest state-of-the-art information on
pumps and their testing, and groundwater modeling. Features: Covers
geographic information system-based studies, advanced
methodologies, and their applications and groundwater modeling
Examines groundwater exploration, planning and designing, and
methods for formulating strategies for sustainable management and
development Serves as a reference for practitioners on practical
applications and frequently occurring issues of ground-water
investigations, development, and management.
Illustrates applications of plastic in protected cultivation, water
management, aquiculture and in high-tech horticulture using
innovative technologies to enhance water use efficiency and crop
productivity Presents precision farming for climate-resilient
technologies Includes real-world examples to present practical
insights of plastic engineering for climate change mitigation
strategies.
This book presents the latest knowledge on both the physiological
and the microbiological aspects of wound healing. Fresh insights
into the process of cutaneous wound healing are described, which
involves tissue regeneration and repair processes consisting of a
sequence of molecular and cellular events. The management of
infected wounds is then discussed in detail, covering the roles of
traditional medicine practices, novel anti-infective formulations,
non-antibiotic approaches, and probiotic bacteria. A section
devoted to the interdisciplinary approach to wound care addresses
topics including in vitro and in vivo research models, the
development of advanced wound dressings, tissue engineering, and
the potential applications of bioscaffolds. The authors are all
leading researchers in the field. This book is an attempt to
showcase current research status and future directions in the area
of wound-healing research, which must be of interest to a large
group of readers and researchers interested in this field.
This book presents the latest knowledge on both the physiological
and the microbiological aspects of wound healing. Fresh insights
into the process of cutaneous wound healing are described, which
involves tissue regeneration and repair processes consisting of a
sequence of molecular and cellular events. The management of
infected wounds is then discussed in detail, covering the roles of
traditional medicine practices, novel anti-infective formulations,
non-antibiotic approaches, and probiotic bacteria. A section
devoted to the interdisciplinary approach to wound care addresses
topics including in vitro and in vivo research models, the
development of advanced wound dressings, tissue engineering, and
the potential applications of bioscaffolds. The authors are all
leading researchers in the field. This book is an attempt to
showcase current research status and future directions in the area
of wound-healing research, which must be of interest to a large
group of readers and researchers interested in this field.
Functional Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization,
and Biomedical Applications reviews how the unique properties of
nanoscale composite materials make them ideal candidates for use in
biomedical hydrogels. The book covers a range of key nanocomposite
materials for use in biomedical hydrogels, including graphene
quantum dot, cellulose and collagen nanocomposites. A wide
selection of biomedical applications for functional nanocomposite
hydrogels is explored, from drug delivery and cancer therapy, to
wound healing and bioimaging. This is a key reference for those
working in the fields of biomaterials, nanotechnology,
pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and anyone with a particular
interest in composites and hydrogels. To improve the properties of
conventional hydrogels, nanoparticles or nanostructures are
incorporated into the hydrogel networks, forming a composite
hydrogel with specialized functional properties which are tailored
to a specific biomedical application.
The field of discrete event systems has emerged to provide a formal
treatment of many of the man-made systems such as manufacturing
systems, communication networks, automated traffic systems,
database management systems, and computer systems that are
event-driven, highly complex, and not amenable to the classical
treatments based on differential or difference equations. Discrete
event systems is a growing field that utilizes many interesting
mathematical models and techniques. In Modeling and Control of
Logical Discrete Event Systems, the focus is on a high level
treatment of discrete event systems, where the order of events,
rather their occurrence times, is the principal concern. Such
treatment is needed to guarantee that the system under study meets
desired logical goals. In this framework, discrete event systems
are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state
machines. The field of logical discrete event systems is an
interdisciplinary field -- it includes ideas from computer science,
control theory, and operations research. Our goal is to bring
together in one book the relevant techniques from these
fields.Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems is
the first book of this kind for professionals in the area of
discrete event systems. The book is also designed for a graduate
level course on logical discrete event systems. It contains all the
necessary background material in formal language theory and lattice
theory. The only prerequisite is some degree of 'mathematical
maturity'. Several examples and exercise problems are included in
each chapter to facilitate classroom teaching.
The field of discrete event systems has emerged to provide a formal
treatment of many of the man-made systems such as manufacturing
systems, communication networks, automated traffic systems,
database management systems, and computer systems that are
event-driven, highly complex, and not amenable to the classical
treatments based on differential or difference equations. Discrete
event systems is a growing field that utilizes many interesting
mathematical models and techniques. In Modeling and Control of
Logical Discrete Event Systems, the focus is on a high level
treatment of discrete event systems, where the order of events,
rather their occurrence times, is the principal concern. Such
treatment is needed to guarantee that the system under study meets
desired logical goals. In this framework, discrete event systems
are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state
machines. The field of logical discrete event systems is an
interdisciplinary field -- it includes ideas from computer science,
control theory, and operations research. Our goal is to bring
together in one book the relevant techniques from these fields.
Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems is the first
book of this kind for professionals in the area of discrete event
systems. The book is also designed for a graduate level course on
logical discrete event systems. It contains all the necessary
background material in formal language theory and lattice theory.
The only prerequisite is some degree of mathematical maturity'.
Several examples and exercise problems are included in each chapter
to facilitate classroom teaching.
This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy
recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of
zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an
integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and
nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural
Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while
being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in
disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used,
and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of
policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers
aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s
empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to
health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and
food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution
system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes
especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary
supplements, and so on. With its rich discussions, the book
is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development
professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and
nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and
sustainable food systems.Â
This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy
recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of
zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an
integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and
nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural
Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while
being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in
disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used,
and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of
policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers
aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s
empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to
health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and
food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution
system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes
especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary
supplements, and so on. With its rich discussions, the book
is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development
professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and
nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and
sustainable food systems.Â
Conservation agriculture is a sustainable production model that not
only optimizes crop yields, but also reaps economic and
environmental benefits as well. The adoption of successful
conservation agriculture methods has resulted in energy savings,
higher organic matter content and biotic activity in soil,
increased crop-water availability and thus resilience to drought,
improved recharge of aquifers, less erosion, and reduced impacts
from the weather associated with climate change in general. This
two-volume set, Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change and Applied
Agricultural Practices for Mitigating Climate Change, examines
several important aspects of crop production, such as climate
change, soil management, farm machinery, and different methods for
sustainable conservation agriculture. It presents the latest
techniques in crop modeling, best practices for irrigation under
water deficit conditions, and other approaches for sustainable
conservation agriculture that consider the environmental effects of
climate change. It also discusses solar energy-based greenhouse
modeling, precision farming using remote sensing and GIS, and
various types of machinery used for conservation agriculture.
Features: Examines the effects of climate change on agriculture and
the related strategies for mitigation through practical, real-world
examples Explores innovative on-farm technology options to increase
system efficiency resulting in improved water usage Presents
examples of precision farming using climate-resilient technologies
In the last five years, significant developments and applications
have been made within radar communications. Signal Processing for
Joint Radar-Communications delves into the recent advances within
the theory and applications of joint radar-communications (JRC) and
includes the challenges that are still faced today. Bringing
together newly written expert contributions from leading
researchers within the field of Joint Radar-Communications, the
book tackles key JRC signal processing challenges such as common
waveform design for both radar and communications systems, receiver
processing including interference mitigation methods, learning and
cognition, resource allocation, jamming and clutter, optimization
methods, and automotive JRC. It presents possible solutions to
these challenges and highlights some future research directions.
The goal of this book is to further contribute to the diffusion of
newly developed JRC tools into the radar and communications
communities and to illustrate recent successes in applying modern
signal processing theories to solving core problems in JRC. The
contributors present new results on algorithmic methods and
applications of JRC in diverse areas, which include autonomous
vehicles, waveform design, information theory, privacy, security,
beamforming, estimation theory, and sampling. This reflects the
increasing number of applications in signal processing and
communications. Research activities covered in the book include
recognizing and solving convex optimization problems that arise in
applications, deriving powerful algorithmic methods, utilizing the
theory of convex problems to characterize and gain insight into the
optimal solution and bounds on performance, developing techniques
for exploiting problem structure in interior-point methods for
large scale optimization, and convex relaxations of hard,
non-convex problems
African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L)is an important commercial
flower of India, belonging to family Asteraceae. It is also known
as friendship flower in the United States and represents vulgar
minds. Easy cultivation and wider adaptability of the crop has
increased its popularity . Flowers are sold in the market as loose
flower or for making garlands, offering in temples, churches,
festivals, beautification and landscape. Although marigold is a
very important flower, yet very little research work had been done
towards the crop improvement. It has a lot of variation with
respect to growth and flower characters, which varies with
germplasm. Germplasm serves as valuable natural reservoir in
providing needed attributes for developing successful varieties.
However, the extent of improvement depends upon the amount of
variability in different characters present in the crops, which is
an indispensable prerequisite for successful breeding programmes.
Therefore, selection accordance to high GCV and PCV is more
effective for a particular traits. High heritability alongwith high
genetic advance in per cent of mean provides a best guiding to
formulate effective selection programme.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) is an important vegetable crop
belongs to family solanaceae. It is well known and very popular
vegetable among farmers and grown successfully throughout the
world. It is used as vegetable and ripe fruits are also utilized
into salad, soups, pickles, sauce, ketchups etc. Yield of tomato
crop is primarily governed by the genetic makeup of the variety.
Thus, full genetic potential of the variety can be utilized through
recommended cultural practices. To develop the variety, existence
of significant heritable variability is of prime importance. Some
biometric techniques like variability, correlation and path
analysis provide information about the relative contribution of
various yield related traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation
coefficients seek out the association between yield and yield
contributing traits in tomato. Thus, these biometric techniques
help in selection of superior plant genotypes for breeding
programme.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food
crop in the country after rice, wheat and maize. It is a leading
crop in terms of protein and dry matter production per unit area
and time. Potato is utilized in preparation of readymade products
like fried items (Chips, French fries), dehydrated products
(Flakes, granules, starch, gravy thicker, potato custard, powder
etc.) and canned products. The per capita availability in India is
about 17.7 kg (1/3 of the world average), which emphasizes further,
increase in productivity. water is the key input in potato
production and its stress drastically reduces the tuber yield even
for short period at tuber formation stage. Maintenance of optimum
soil moisture in the root zone is necessary to meet the crop
requirement for higher yield. Potato growers are still practice the
furrow irrigation, though it is less effective in water use
efficiency as compared to drip or fertigation system. In this
context, mulching is also one of the important cultural operations
which are employed to conserve the soil moisture, regulate the soil
temperature, suppress the weed growth, possess the fertility and
improve the texture of the soil.
Normal wound healing involves a complex and dynamic but superbly
orchestrated series of events leading to the repair of injured
tissues. Acute wounds normally heal in a very orderly and efficient
manner characterized by four distinct, but overlapping phases:
hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. Specific
biological markers characterize healing of acute wounds. Likewise,
unique biologic markers also characterize pathologic responses
resulting in fibrosis and chronic non-healing ulcers. As we
continue to develop new information about the unique biological
markers associated with normal and pathologic wound healing
responses, the better prepared we will be to develop new strategies
to treat these costly clinical problems. In addition, understanding
this basic biological information will allow wound care specialists
greater insight into the importance of how their skills can impact
the healing response.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer(22% of all new cases) as
well as the leading cause of cancer deaths(14% of all cancer
deaths)in women worldwide.The incidence of breast cancer is
increasing at an alarming rate in India cuttting across urban and
rural divide.Country as vast as India poses its own share of
peculiar problems with lack of awareness about the disease,
advanced stage of disease presentation and lack of proper screening
and treatment facilities.We present an Indian prespective of the
demographics and problems encountered in treatment of breast
cancer.
BRONJ is a rare but serious clinical condition caused by
antiosteoclastic, antiangiogenic and anti human endothelial cell
proliferation effects of Bisphosphonates which inhibit bone
turnover. They are commonly developed in those patients who
receiving either long term nitrogen containing IV BPs therapy alone
or associated with invasive dental procedure. Therefore proper
dental evaluations and receive necessary treatment prior to
initiating IV BPs therapy is mandatory to limit this while
manipulation of IV BPs dosing may be effective in reducing skeletal
related events (SREs) and minimizing BPs associated ONJ. CBCT,
serum VEGF levels and morning fasting CTX level are the useful
assessment tool to predict risk and to make appropriate line of
treatment. In cases of established disease management strategies is
mostly palliative and empirical.
This research work is mainly focused on suspending the steel ball
without any mechanical support in desired position and how the
Magnetic Levitation System works in presence of disturbance with
help of an efficient controller.The tracking performance and
robustness is also checked for this system. For tracking, two type
of reference trajectory are modelled. One is sine wave and other is
a set of constant point varying at different levels. Lastly for
robust performance, disturbance is applied in MLS.For this task we
have designed Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2FLC),
Interval Type-2 Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2SIFLC),
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (IT2FSMC) based on
theory of type-2 fuzzy logic systems. Uncertainty is an inherent
part of intelligent systems used in real world applications.
Conventional controllers can not fully handle the uncertainties
present in real-time systems. Type-2 fuzzy sets that are used in
type-2 fuzzy systems can handle such uncertainties in a better way
because they provide us an extra degree of freedom. At last The
designed controller's performance is compared with the feedback
linearization control.
This book brings together contributions from leading researchers
who are engaged in the research and development of next generation
cognitive abilities in radar engineering. It features recent
advances in the theory and applications of advanced Cognitive Radar
(CR) tools as well as examines emerging challenges. The chapters
include mathematical and computational methods to combat important
CR challenges as well as the applications of recent theories and
algorithms to various applied CR aspects. The book is intended to
be used as a supplementary text for first-level graduate courses on
radar theory and systems, radar signal processing, detection and
estimation theory, and array signal processing. The book can also
be used as a main textbook for upper-level graduate courses such as
advanced topics in electromagnetics, advanced topics in radar, rf
and communications, and contemporary topics in signal processing
and optimization.
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