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We remember in social contexts. We reminisce about the past
together, collaborate to remember shared experiences, and, even
when we are alone, we remember in the context of our communities
and cultures. Taking an interdisciplinary approach throughout, this
text comprehensively covers collaborative remembering across the
fields of developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, social
psychology, discourse processing, philosophy, neuropsychology,
design, and media studies. It highlights points of overlap and
contrast across the many disciplinary perspectives and, with its
sections on 'Approaches of Collaborative Remembering' and
'Applications of Collaborative Remembering', also connects basic
and applied research. Written with late-stage undergraduates and
early-stage graduates in mind, the book is also a valuable tool for
memory specialists and academics in the fields of psychology,
cognitive science and philosophy who are interested in
collaborative memory research.
If government tells dependent people how to live today, will we
have a more self-reliant society tomorrow? That's the critical
question as government increasingly seeks to supervise the lives of
poor citizens who are dependent on it, often in return for
supporting them. This trend is most visible in welfare policy,
where " welfare reform" largely means attempts to require adults
receiving assistance to work or stay in school in return for aid.
However, it can also be seen in policy toward the homeless, where
shelters increasingly set rules for their residents; in education,
where states have instituted tougher standards for children; and in
drug programs that test addicts for compliance. The drift in
antipoverty policy is toward paternalism--the close supervision of
the dependent. Paternalism has been a major trend in social policy
for the past decade, and it has support from the public. But it has
received little attention from researchers and policy
analysts--until now. The New Paternalism opens up a serious
discussion of supervisory methods in antipoverty policy. The book
assembles noted policy experts to examine whether programs that set
standards for their clients and supervise them closely are better
able to help them than traditional programs that leave clients free
to live as they please. Separate chapters discuss programs to
promote work in welfare, prevent teen pregnancy, improve fathers'
payment of child support, shelter homeless men in New York City,
deter drug addiction, and improve the education of the
disadvantaged. Cross-cutting chapters address the management of
paternalism, the psychological needs of poor adults, and the
tension between paternalism andAmerican politics. The authors
consider both sides of the debate over this controversial issue.
Several chapters address the sensitive question of whether
government or private organizations are best able to implement
supervisory programs. The conclusions are optimistic but cautious.
Most of the authors believe that paternalism can make an important
contribution to overcoming poverty. But paternalism is not a
panacea, and it makes severe demands on the capacities of
government. Supervisory programs are difficult to justify
politically and to implement well.
People who participate in debates about the causes and cures of
poverty often speak from religious conviction. But those
convictions are rarely made explicit or debated on their own terms.
Rarely is the influence of personal religious commitment on policy
decisions examined. Two of the nation's foremost scholars and
policy advocates break the mold in this lively volume, the first to
be published in the new Pew Forum Dialogues on Religion and Public
Life. The authors bring their faith traditions, policy experience,
academic expertise, and political commitments together in this
moving, pointed, and informed discussion of poverty, one of our
most vexing public issues. Mary Jo Bane writes of her experiences
running social service agencies, work that has been informed by
"Catholic social teaching, and a Catholic sensibility that is
shaped every day by prayer and worship." Policy analysis, she
writes, is often "indeterminate" and "inconclusive." It requires
grappling with "competing values that must be balanced." It demands
judgment calls, and Bane's Catholic sensibility informs the calls
she makes. Drawing from various Christian traditions, Lawrence
Mead's essay discusses the role of nurturing Christian virtues and
personal responsibility as a means of transforming a "defeatist
culture" and combating poverty. Quoting Shelley, Mead describes
theologians as the "unacknowledged legislators of mankind" and
argues that even nonbelievers can look to the Christian tradition
as "the crucible that formed the moral values of modern politics."
Bane emphasizes the social justice claims of her tradition, and
Mead challenges the view of many who see economic poverty as a
biblical priority that deserves "preference ahead of other social
concerns." But both assert that an engagement with religious
traditions is indispensable to an honest and searching debate about
poverty, policy choices, and the public purposes of religion.
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