The Flight Management Computer (FMC) and its interface, the Multi-function Control and Display Unit (MCDU) have been identified by researchers and airlines as difficult to train and use. Specifically, airline pilots have described the "drinking from the fire-hose" effect during training. Previous research has identified memorized action sequences as a major factor in a user s ability to learn and operate complex devices. This paper discusses the use of a method to examine the quantity of memorized action sequences required to perform a sample of 102 tasks, using features of the Boeing 777 Flight Management Computer Interface. The analysis identified a large number of memorized action sequences that must be learned during training and then recalled during line operations. Seventy-five percent of the tasks examined require recall of at least one memorized action sequence. Forty-five percent of the tasks require recall of a memorized action sequence and occur infrequently. The large number of memorized action sequences may provide an explanation for the difficulties in training and usage of the automation. Based on these findings, implications for training and the design of new user-interfaces are discussed.

Describes the adaptation of an R&D portfolio management decision framework developed by RAND to support R&D decisionmaking by the Office of Naval Research. 450-character abstract: Describes the adaptation of an R&D portfolio management decision framework developed by the RAND Corporation to support R&D decisionmaking by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the demonstration of its use by means of a case study evaluation of 20 sample ONR applied-research projects. It allows identification of R&D projects with high-value capabilities but formidable technical or fielcling problems yet to be solved-projects for which management attention may have the greatest leverage.