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Encompassing the areas of economics, sociology, social biology and
genetics, and drawing on studies from the UK and Australia, this
volume charts and analyses the factors affecting population growth.
Chapters include: * The international decline in fertility * The
changing structure of the family * Educational opportunities *
Concepts of race.
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What is Ahead of Us?
G.D.H. Cole, Arthur S Alter, Wickham Steed, Sidney Webb, P. M. S. Blackett, …
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R2,703
Discovery Miles 27 030
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First published in 1937, What is Ahead of Us? is a collection of
essays, which were originally presented as lectures before the
Fabian Society. Conceived in an era of growing fascism and economic
despair, the essays urge the reader to imagine more equitable
alternatives to capitalism. The authors offer socialism as a
solution but what is more interesting is their criticism of
capitalism and the connections they draw between capitalism and
fascism using examples from the West. This book will be of interest
to students of history, economics and political science.
Hogben escaped from a background of religious bigotry by the
academic ladder and gained a major scholarship at Cambridge and
graduated in 1916. During a noteworthy academic career, he found
time to be active in the Fabian Society and in the London Labour
Party. He also founded the Journal of Experimental Biology along
with Julian Huxley and J.B.S. Haldane. He is most widely known for
Mathematics for the Million and Science for the Citizen, and he
played a big part in creating The Loom of Language.
One of the most illuminating, useful and exciting books ever
published in the mathematical field Taking only a modicum of
knowledge for granted, Lancelot Hogben leads readers of this famous
book through the whole course from simple arithmetic to calculus.
His illuminating explanation is addressed to the person who wants
to understand the place of mathematics in modern civilization but
who has been intimidated by its supposed difficulty. Mathematics is
the language of size, shape, and order - a language Hogben shows
one can both master and enjoy.
Encompassing the areas of economics, sociology, social biology and
genetics, and drawing on studies from the UK and Australia, this
volume charts and analyses the factors affecting population growth.
Chapters include: * The international decline in fertility * The
changing structure of the family * Educational opportunities *
Concepts of race.
A Study Of The Lives Of Prehistoric Peoples For Children.
A Study Of The Lives Of Prehistoric Peoples For Children.
STATISTICAL THEORY The Relationship of Probability Credibility and.
Error LANCELOT HOGBEN, F. R. S Statistical Theory The Relationship
of PROBABILITY, CREDIBILITY AND ERROR AN EXAMINATION OF THE
CONTEMPORARY CRISIS IN STATISTICAL THEORY FROM A BEHAVIOURIST
VIEWPOINT V-W-NORTON COMPANY INC Publishers New York CONTENTS
Foreword page 7 1 The Contemporary Crisis or the Uncertainties of
Uncertain Inference 13 PART I. THE FOUNDING FATHERS 2 The Founding
Fathers and the Natural History of Gambling 33 3 Randomness and the
Relevance of the Rule 59 4 Division of the Stakes and the Lottery
of Life and Death 83 5 The Backward Look and the Balance Sheet of
Thomas Bayes no 6 The Place of Laplace and the Grand Climacteric of
the Classical Tradition 133 PART II. THE CALCULUS OF ERROR AND THE
CALCULUS OF EXPLORATION 7 The Normal Law comes into the Picture 159
8 The Method of Least Squares and the Concept of Point Estimation
182 9 Error, Variation and Natural Law 210 10 Stochastic Models for
Simple Regression 232 11 The Impasse of Factor Analysis 257 PART
III. THE CALCULUS OF AGGREGATES 12 Maxwell and the Urn of Mature
279 13 Mendelism and the Two Meanings of Probability 297 PART IV.
THE CALCULUS OF JUDGMENTS 14 Statistical Prudence and Statistical
Inference 319 1 5 Decision Indecision and Sample Economy 345 1 6
Induction and Design, Stochastic and Non-stochastic 370 1 7 Recipe
and Rule in Stochastic Induction 399 1 8 The Confidence Controversy
and the Fifth Canon 433 1 9 Epilogue 454 Appendix I 477 Appendix II
480 Appendix III 485 Appendix IV 7 Index 07 FOREWORD THE USE of the
word behaviourist in my sub-title calls for clari fication. It came
into current usage chiefly through the writings of J. B.Watson, in
the first fine flush of enthusiasm following the reception of
Pavlovs work on conditioned reflexes. Watson conveyed the
impression that all forms of animal including human behaviour are
ultimately explicable in terms of neural or humoral co-ordination
of receptors and effectors. Neither this proposition nor its denial
is susceptible of proof. A comet may destroy the earth before we
have completed a research programme of such magnitude as the
operative adverb ultimately suggests. Many years ago, and in what
now seems to me a very im mature volume of essays written as a
counter-irritant to the mystique of Eddingtons Nature of the
Physical World, I suggested a more restricted definition of the
term and offered an alter native which seemingly did not commend
itself to my con temporaries. By behaviourist in this context I
mean what Ryle means in the concluding section of his recent book
The Concept of Mind. What Ryle speaks of as the behaviourist
viewpoint and what I had previously preferred to call the publicist
outlook has no concern with structure and mechanism. Our common
approach to the problem of cognition is not at the ontological
level. The class of questions we regard as profitable topics of
enquiry in this context arise at the level of epistemology, or,
better still, what G. P. Meredith calls epistemics. If one wishes
to discuss with any hope of reaching agreement what one means by
knowledge or preferably knowing the two main topics of the agenda
for our public symposium will be recognition and communication and
we shall discuss them as different facets of the same problem,
neither meaningful in isolation. A simple illustration will suffice
to make clear, both at theemotive level of non-communicable private
conviction and at the public or communicable level of observable be
haviour, the difference between knowing, conceived as a process,
and knowledge, conceived as a static repository. The Nature of
Living Matter 1930. 7 STATISTICAL THEORY We shall suppose that B is
colour-blind to differences in the red and green regions of the
visible spectrum, A being normal in the customary sense of the term
in the relevant context...
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY BY LANCELOT HOGBEN, F. R. S. MASON
PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, FORMERLY
RFGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN,
RESEARCH PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL BIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,
AND PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN SECOND
EDITION revised and with new illustrations throughout by J. F.
HORRABIN LONDON GEORGE ALLEN UNWIN LTD MUSEUM STREET TWO EXTREMES
OF COLOUR CHANGE IN THE COMMON FROG Showing the influence of
pituitary hormone on colour-change in frogs. Left Control specimen,
in dry, light surroundings. Right Specimen kept in the same
surroundings, but injected with extract of ox-pituitary posterior
lobe. See Chapter VI. First published in 1930 by Christophers, Ltdi
COMPLETELY REVISED SECOND EDITION IQ4O REPRINTED IQ42 REPRINTED
IQ45 COMPLETE CONFORMITY WITH THE AUTHORIZED ECONOMY STANDARDS ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN in n-Point Imprint Type BY
UNWIN BROTHERS LIMITED WOKING PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION PRINCIPLES
OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY was pub-- lished first in 1930. It was based on
the plan of elemen tary instruction adopted in the University of
Cape Town during the authors tenure of the chair of zoology. Its
object was not then, and is not now, to supplant the many excellent
dissecting manuals available for use in the labora tory. It aims at
supplementing laboratory work with a general introduction based on
evolutionary principles with emphasis on function throughout. While
the original plan remains, each chapter has been extensively
revised or, where necessary, entirely rewritten. The chapter in
which the Vertebrate skeleton is used to illustrate the principles
of geologicalsuccession by reference to the fossil record has been
recast to take advantage of the many new discoveries which have
been made during the past ten years. The author is greatly indebted
to Dr. Westoll, Lecturer in Palaeontology in the University of
Aberdeen, for advice and information, especially with reference to
the design of new illustrations. All the illustrations in the
previous edition have been redrawn by Mr. Horrabin, and many new
ones have been added or substituted. To help students to practise
methodical methods of memorizing essential facts new tabular matter
has been introduced in various places. Dr. H. Waring who saw the
new edition through the press is responsible for many valuable
suggestions. THE UNIVERSITY LANCELOT HOGBEN ABERDEEN Nov. 1939
CONTENTS PART I The Vertebrate Body as a Going Concern CHAPTER PAGE
I. LIVING MATTER AND REPRODUCTION 15 II. THE MACHINERY OF RESPONSE
45 III. THE MACHINERY OF CO-ORDINATION 73 IV. THE SOURCES OF ENERGY
OF THE ANIMAL BODY 98 V. DIGESTION, RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION 114
VI. THE TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS IN THE ANIMAL BODY 129 VII. THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ORGANISM 155 VIII. THE MACHINERY OF
INHERITANCE 1 86 PART II How Animals Differ IX. THE DIVERSITY OF
ANIMAL LIFE 345 X. THE PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF TYPE 371 XI. UNITY OF
TYPE AMONG INVERTEBRATES 291 XII. THE PRINCIPLE OF SUCCESSION WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON 331 XIII. EVOLUTIONARY
THEORY TO-DAY 367 APPENDIX I. CLASSIFICATION OF CRUSTACEA 389
APPENDIX II. KEYS TO THE ORDERS OF INSECTS 394 APPENDIX III. SERIAL
HOMOLOGY 400 APPENDIX IV. PARTS OF THE BRAIN 403 INDEX 405
ILLUSTRATIONS Two Extremes of Colour Change in the Common Frog
Frontispiece FIG. PAGE 1. Set-up ofExperiment to show the
Dependence of the Heart-beat on Metallic Ions 16 2. Paramcecium
Dividing 23 3. Reproductive and Associated Organs of the Frog 24 4.
Fertilization in the Starfish 25 5. Human Egg and Sperm 26 6.
Spermatozoa of Different Animals 27 7. Stages in the Development of
the Frogs Egg 28 8. Cellular Structure of the Animal Body 29 9. The
Cellular Structure of the Testis 31 10. Immature Ova of Different
Vertebrate Types 33 11. Early Stages in the Segmentation of the Egg
of the Sea Urchin, Sturgeon and Fowl 36 12...
STATISTICAL THEORY The Relationship of Probability Credibility and.
Error LANCELOT HOGBEN, F. R. S Statistical Theory The Relationship
of PROBABILITY, CREDIBILITY AND ERROR AN EXAMINATION OF THE
CONTEMPORARY CRISIS IN STATISTICAL THEORY FROM A BEHAVIOURIST
VIEWPOINT V-W-NORTON COMPANY INC Publishers New York CONTENTS
Foreword page 7 1 The Contemporary Crisis or the Uncertainties of
Uncertain Inference 13 PART I. THE FOUNDING FATHERS 2 The Founding
Fathers and the Natural History of Gambling 33 3 Randomness and the
Relevance of the Rule 59 4 Division of the Stakes and the Lottery
of Life and Death 83 5 The Backward Look and the Balance Sheet of
Thomas Bayes no 6 The Place of Laplace and the Grand Climacteric of
the Classical Tradition 133 PART II. THE CALCULUS OF ERROR AND THE
CALCULUS OF EXPLORATION 7 The Normal Law comes into the Picture 159
8 The Method of Least Squares and the Concept of Point Estimation
182 9 Error, Variation and Natural Law 210 10 Stochastic Models for
Simple Regression 232 11 The Impasse of Factor Analysis 257 PART
III. THE CALCULUS OF AGGREGATES 12 Maxwell and the Urn of Mature
279 13 Mendelism and the Two Meanings of Probability 297 PART IV.
THE CALCULUS OF JUDGMENTS 14 Statistical Prudence and Statistical
Inference 319 1 5 Decision Indecision and Sample Economy 345 1 6
Induction and Design, Stochastic and Non-stochastic 370 1 7 Recipe
and Rule in Stochastic Induction 399 1 8 The Confidence Controversy
and the Fifth Canon 433 1 9 Epilogue 454 Appendix I 477 Appendix II
480 Appendix III 485 Appendix IV 7 Index 07 FOREWORD THE USE of the
word behaviourist in my sub-title calls for clari fication. It came
into current usage chiefly through the writings of J. B.Watson, in
the first fine flush of enthusiasm following the reception of
Pavlovs work on conditioned reflexes. Watson conveyed the
impression that all forms of animal including human behaviour are
ultimately explicable in terms of neural or humoral co-ordination
of receptors and effectors. Neither this proposition nor its denial
is susceptible of proof. A comet may destroy the earth before we
have completed a research programme of such magnitude as the
operative adverb ultimately suggests. Many years ago, and in what
now seems to me a very im mature volume of essays written as a
counter-irritant to the mystique of Eddingtons Nature of the
Physical World, I suggested a more restricted definition of the
term and offered an alter native which seemingly did not commend
itself to my con temporaries. By behaviourist in this context I
mean what Ryle means in the concluding section of his recent book
The Concept of Mind. What Ryle speaks of as the behaviourist
viewpoint and what I had previously preferred to call the publicist
outlook has no concern with structure and mechanism. Our common
approach to the problem of cognition is not at the ontological
level. The class of questions we regard as profitable topics of
enquiry in this context arise at the level of epistemology, or,
better still, what G. P. Meredith calls epistemics. If one wishes
to discuss with any hope of reaching agreement what one means by
knowledge or preferably knowing the two main topics of the agenda
for our public symposium will be recognition and communication and
we shall discuss them as different facets of the same problem,
neither meaningful in isolation. A simple illustration will suffice
to make clear, both at theemotive level of non-communicable private
conviction and at the public or communicable level of observable be
haviour, the difference between knowing, conceived as a process,
and knowledge, conceived as a static repository. The Nature of
Living Matter 1930. 7 STATISTICAL THEORY We shall suppose that B is
colour-blind to differences in the red and green regions of the
visible spectrum, A being normal in the customary sense of the term
in the relevant context...
"It makes alive the contents of the elements of mathematics."Albert Einstein
Taking onlyl the most elementary knowledge for granted, Lancelot Hogben leads readers of this famous book through the whole course from simple arithmetic to calculus. His illuminating explanation is addressed to the person who wants to understand the place of mathematics in modern civilization but who has been intimidated by its supposed dificulty. Mathematics is the language of size, shape, and ordera language Hogben shows one can both master and enjoy. "A great book, a book of first-class importance."H. G. Wells
STATISTICAL THEORY The Relationship of Probability Credibility and.
Error LANCELOT HOGBEN, F. R. S Statistical Theory The Relationship
of PROBABILITY, CREDIBILITY AND ERROR AN EXAMINATION OF THE
CONTEMPORARY CRISIS IN STATISTICAL THEORY FROM A BEHAVIOURIST
VIEWPOINT V-W-NORTON COMPANY INC Publishers New York CONTENTS
Foreword page 7 1 The Contemporary Crisis or the Uncertainties of
Uncertain Inference 13 PART I. THE FOUNDING FATHERS 2 The Founding
Fathers and the Natural History of Gambling 33 3 Randomness and the
Relevance of the Rule 59 4 Division of the Stakes and the Lottery
of Life and Death 83 5 The Backward Look and the Balance Sheet of
Thomas Bayes no 6 The Place of Laplace and the Grand Climacteric of
the Classical Tradition 133 PART II. THE CALCULUS OF ERROR AND THE
CALCULUS OF EXPLORATION 7 The Normal Law comes into the Picture 159
8 The Method of Least Squares and the Concept of Point Estimation
182 9 Error, Variation and Natural Law 210 10 Stochastic Models for
Simple Regression 232 11 The Impasse of Factor Analysis 257 PART
III. THE CALCULUS OF AGGREGATES 12 Maxwell and the Urn of Mature
279 13 Mendelism and the Two Meanings of Probability 297 PART IV.
THE CALCULUS OF JUDGMENTS 14 Statistical Prudence and Statistical
Inference 319 1 5 Decision Indecision and Sample Economy 345 1 6
Induction and Design, Stochastic and Non-stochastic 370 1 7 Recipe
and Rule in Stochastic Induction 399 1 8 The Confidence Controversy
and the Fifth Canon 433 1 9 Epilogue 454 Appendix I 477 Appendix II
480 Appendix III 485 Appendix IV 7 Index 07 FOREWORD THE USE of the
word behaviourist in my sub-title calls for clari fication. It came
into current usage chiefly through the writings of J. B.Watson, in
the first fine flush of enthusiasm following the reception of
Pavlovs work on conditioned reflexes. Watson conveyed the
impression that all forms of animal including human behaviour are
ultimately explicable in terms of neural or humoral co-ordination
of receptors and effectors. Neither this proposition nor its denial
is susceptible of proof. A comet may destroy the earth before we
have completed a research programme of such magnitude as the
operative adverb ultimately suggests. Many years ago, and in what
now seems to me a very im mature volume of essays written as a
counter-irritant to the mystique of Eddingtons Nature of the
Physical World, I suggested a more restricted definition of the
term and offered an alter native which seemingly did not commend
itself to my con temporaries. By behaviourist in this context I
mean what Ryle means in the concluding section of his recent book
The Concept of Mind. What Ryle speaks of as the behaviourist
viewpoint and what I had previously preferred to call the publicist
outlook has no concern with structure and mechanism. Our common
approach to the problem of cognition is not at the ontological
level. The class of questions we regard as profitable topics of
enquiry in this context arise at the level of epistemology, or,
better still, what G. P. Meredith calls epistemics. If one wishes
to discuss with any hope of reaching agreement what one means by
knowledge or preferably knowing the two main topics of the agenda
for our public symposium will be recognition and communication and
we shall discuss them as different facets of the same problem,
neither meaningful in isolation. A simple illustration will suffice
to make clear, both at theemotive level of non-communicable private
conviction and at the public or communicable level of observable be
haviour, the difference between knowing, conceived as a process,
and knowledge, conceived as a static repository. The Nature of
Living Matter 1930. 7 STATISTICAL THEORY We shall suppose that B is
colour-blind to differences in the red and green regions of the
visible spectrum, A being normal in the customary sense of the term
in the relevant context...
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