|
Showing 1 - 3 of
3 matches in All Departments
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in
collaboration with the InterAcademy Partnership and the European
Academies Science Advisory Committee held a workshop in November
2019 to bring together researchers and public health officials from
different countries and across several relevant disciplines to
explore what is known, and what critical knowledge gaps remain,
regarding existing and possible future risks of harmful infectious
agents emerging from thawing permafrost and melting ice in the
Arctic region. The workshop examined case studies such as the
specific case of Arctic region anthrax outbreaks, as a known,
observed risk as well as other types of human and animal microbial
health risks that have been discovered in snow, ice, or permafrost
environments, or that could conceivably exist. The workshop
primarily addressed two sources of emerging infectious diseases in
the arctic: (1) new diseases likely to emerge in the Arctic as a
result of climate change (such as vector-borne diseases) and (2)
ancient and endemic diseases likely to emerge in the Arctic
specifically as a result of permafrost thaw. Participants also
considered key research that could advance knowledge including
critical tools for improving observations, and surveillance to
advance understanding of these risks, and to facilitate and
implement effective early warning systems. Lessons learned from
efforts to address emerging or re-emerging microbial threats
elsewhere in the world were also discussed. This publication
summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table
of Contents Front Matter Overview Session 1: What Do We Know?
Session 2: What Do We Need to Know? Session 3: Research and
Operational Paths Forward Final Thoughts: Impacts of Microbial
Threats on Stakeholder Organizations References Appendix A:
Statement of Task Appendix B: Planning Committee Biosketches
Appendix C: Workshop Agenda Appendix D: Workshop Participants
Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and
its interactions with the ocean, land, and ice surfaces have great
potential to advance science on a number of fronts, from improving
forecasts of severe storms and air quality to constraining
estimates of trace gas emissions and transport. Understanding the
BL is a crucial component of model advancements, and increased
societal demands for extended weather impact forecasts (from hours
to months and beyond) highlight the need to advance Earth system
modeling and prediction. New observing technologies and approaches
(including in situ and ground-based, airborne, and satellite remote
sensing) have the potential to radically increase the density of
observations and allow new types of variables to be measured within
the BL, which will have broad scientific and societal benefits. In
October 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine convened a workshop to explore the future of BL
observations and their role in improving modeling and forecasting
capabilities. Workshop participants discussed the science and
applications drivers for BL observation, emerging technology to
improve observation capabilities, and strategies for the future.
This publication summarizes presentations and discussions from the
workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter Overview Science and
Applications Drivers for Boundary Layer Observations Emerging
Technology for Observations Strategies for Future Observation Final
Thoughts Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Planning
Committee Biosketches Appendix C: Workshop Agenda Appendix D:
Workshop Participants
Water of appropriate quantity and quality is essential for
drinking, sanitation, and food, energy, and industrial production
for any society and is derived for most needs from surface- or
groundwater sources. Studies suggest that groundwater use in
irrigation globally is increasing in total volume as well as a
percentage of all water used for irrigation, with the demand for
groundwater resources increasing as available primary surface water
supplies are depleted. Particularly in arid regions, groundwater
may be the most accessible water supply for any purpose, leaving
groundwater withdrawals concentrated in areas that are already
experiencing water stress. Even in the presence of direct ground
observations and measurements of the water table, quantitative
evaluation of groundwater storage, flow, or recharge at different
scales requires remotely sensed data and observations applied to
groundwater models. Resolving the interaction of groundwater
storage, flow, and recharge at a scale at which basins are managed
requires remotely sensed data and proxy data. In June 2019, the
Water Science and Technology Board of the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to identify
scientific and technological research frontiers in monitoring and
modeling groundwater recharge and flow in various regions of the
world. The goals of the workshop were to assess regional freshwater
budgets under major use scenarios, including agriculture, industry,
and municipal; examine state of the art research frontiers in
characterizing groundwater aquifers, including residence time,
quantity, flow, depletion, and recharge, using remotely sensed
observations and proxy data; discuss groundwater model
uncertainties and methods for mitigating them using sparse ground
observations or data and other approaches; and consider our ability
to detect which water management strategies that affect groundwater
flow and recharge are being used and any changes in their use over
time. This publication summarizes workshop presentations and
plenary discussions. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Overview 2
Regional Freshwater Budgets Under Major Use Scenarios 3 Research
Frontiers in Characterizing Groundwater Aquifers 4 Mitigating
Groundwater Model Uncertainties 5 Changes in Water Management
Strategies Over Time 6 Final Thoughts References Appendix A:
Statement of Task Appendix B: Planning Committee Biosketches
Appendix C: Workshop Agenda Appendix D: Workshop Participants
Appendix E: Speaker Abstracts
|
You may like...
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
|