This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2016, held in Paris, France, in June/July 2016. The 18 revised full papers and 19 invited papers and invited extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The conference CiE 2016 has six special sessions - two sessions, cryptography and information theory and symbolic dynamics, are organized for the first time in the conference series. In addition to this new developments in areas frequently covered in the CiE conference series were addressed in the following sessions: computable and constructive analysis; computation in biological systems; history and philosophy of computing; weak arithmetic.