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The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue 1460-1565 (Hardcover, New)
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The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue 1460-1565 (Hardcover, New)
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The Knights of St John of Jerusalem, also known as the
Hospitallers, were a military religious order, subject to monastic
vows and discipline but devoted to the active defence of the Holy
Land. After evacuating the Holy Land at the beginning of the
fourteenth century, they occupied Rhodes, which they held into the
sixteenth century, when their headquarters moved to Malta. Branches
of the order existed throughout Europe, and it is the English
branch in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that is examined
here. Among the major subjects researched by O'Malley are the
recruitment of members of the Hospital and their family ties; the
operation of the order's career structure; the administration of
its estates; its provision of spiritual and charitable services;
and the publicity and logistical support it provided for the holy
war carried on by its headquarters against the Ottoman Turks. It is
argued that the English Hospitallers in particular took their
military and financial duties to the order very seriously, making a
major contribution to the Hospital's operations in the
Mediterranean as a result. They were able to do so because they
were wealthy, had close family and other ties with gentle and
mercantile society, and above all because their activities had
royal support. Where this was lacking or ineffective, as in
Ireland, the Hospital might become the plaything of local interests
eager to exploit its estates, and its wider functions might be
neglected. Consequently the heart of the book lies in an extended
discussion of the relationship between senior Hospitaller officers
and the governing authorities of Britain and Ireland. It is
concluded that rulers were generally supportive of the order's
activities, but within strict limits, particularly in matters
concerning appointments, the size of payments to the east, and the
movement and foreign allegiances of senior brethren. When these
limits were breached, or at times of political or religious
sensitivity such as the 1460s and 1530s, the Hospital's personnel
and estates would suffer. In addition, more general areas of
historical debate are illuminated such as those concerning the
relationship between late medieval societies and the religious
orders; 'British' attitudes to Christendom and holy war, and the
rights of rulers over their subjects. This is the first such book
to be based on archival records in both Britain and Malta, and will
make a major contribution to understanding the order's European
network, its place in the ordering of Latin Christendom, and in
particular its role in late medieval British and Irish society.
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