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Writing an essay is rather like building a house. First, you need
to have a carefully thought-out plan and a clear idea of how to use
all the different tools and building materials. Of course, you also
need to know what the finished project should look like. What are
the conventions that other building contractors use? What does the
home-owner expect? Only once you fully understand the basic
principles of building are you able to put together, brick by
brick, the four walls, a floor, a roof and the finishing touches,
such as windows and doors. Much the same is true of writing an
essay. You need to know the building regulations. You need to know
what you are expected to build. You need to know the secrets and
tricks of the trade. You need to practise. In this handbook,
students - those who are about to write their first essay and those
who have written numerous essays but who know that they are capable
of obtaining better results - are guided along the basic principles
of planning and building an essay that is well structured, clear
and concise, and meets the high international standards required by
tertiary educational institutions.
In this collection of folk stories that float to us from afar, the
voices of long-dead 'Bushmen', or San people, of Southern Africa
speak to us about their lives and beliefs. We are given glimpses
into their thought-world. We listen to them recounting their
poignant myths and beliefs. We hear them speak of their tormented
lives as the early colonists expanded into the semi-arid interior.
All these stories have lain hidden since they were first collected
more than a hundred years ago by a remarkable family in Cape Town
who devoted their lives to recording the life-ways of the /Xam San
before their disappearance. Today there is a need for us to listen
to these voices from the past. They fill in one of the tragic
blanks in South Africa's history. Suddenly a people who have spoken
only through others' voices now speak out and come alive.
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Erebus (Paperback)
Elizabeth Lewis Williams
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R428
R346
Discovery Miles 3 460
Save R82 (19%)
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Ships in 9 - 15 working days
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J.D. Lewis-Williams, a leading South African archaeologist and
ethnographer, examines the complex myths of the San-Bushmen to
create a larger theory of how myth is used in cultures worldwide.
Exploring ethnographic, archival and archaeological lines of
research, he extracts the `nuggets', the far-reaching but often
unspoken words and concepts of language and understanding that are
opaque to outsiders, to establish a more nuanced theory of the role
of these myths in the thought-world and social circumstances of the
San. The book draws from the author's own work, the unique
19th-century Bleek & Lloyd archive, more recent ethnographic
work, and San rock art and includes well-known San stories such as
The broken string, Mantis dreams, and Creation of the eland.
Emerging from the narrow underground passages into the chambers of
caves such as Lascaux, Chauvet, and Altamira, visitors are
confronted with symbols, patterns, and depictions of bison, woolly
mammoths, ibexes, and other animals. Since its discovery, cave art
has provoked great curiosity about why it appeared when and where
it did, how it was made, and what it meant to the communities that
created it. David Lewis-Williams proposes that the explanation for
this lies in the evolution of the human mind. Cro-Magnons, unlike
the Neanderthals, possessed a more advanced neurological makeup
that enabled them to experience shamanistic trances and vivid
mental imagery. It became important for people to "fix," or paint,
these images on cave walls, which they perceived as the membrane
between their world and the spirit world from which the visions
came. Over time, new social distinctions developed as individuals
exploited their hallucinations for personal advancement, and the
first truly modern society emerged. Illuminating glimpses into the
ancient mind are skillfully interwoven here with the still-evolving
story of modern-day cave discoveries and research. The Mind in the
Cave is a superb piece of detective work, casting light on the
darkest mysteries of our earliest ancestors while strengthening our
wonder at their aesthetic achievements.
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San rock art (Paperback)
J.D. Lewis-Williams
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R195
R153
Discovery Miles 1 530
Save R42 (22%)
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Ships in 5 - 10 working days
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The new Jacana series of pocket guides is meant for those who are
looking for a brief but lively introduction to a wide range of
relevant topics of South African history, politics and biography.
Written by some of the leading experts in their fields, the
individual volumes are informative and accessible, inexpensive yet
well produced, slim enough to put in your pocket and carry with you
to read.
The rock paintings and engravings of southern Africa have long been
considered obscure, yet research has managed since to piece
together that message, and we now know that this beautiful and
detailed art tells us about the religious experiences of the San
(bushmen) who made it: centuries ago the San believed that the art
carried messages from the spirit world. This book traces the story
behind that research, how it started, its failures and successes,
and some of its debates, linking the art to the people who made it.
Human ecology - the study and practice of relationships between the
natural and the social environment - has gained prominence as
scholars seek more effectively to engage with pressing global
concerns. In the past seventy years most human ecology has skirted
the fringes of geography, sociology and biology. This volume
pioneers radical new directions. In particular, it explores the
power of indigenous and traditional peoples' epistemologies both to
critique and to complement insights from modernity and
postmodernity. Aimed at an international readership, its
contributors show that an inter-cultural and transdisciplinary
approach is required. The demands of our era require a scholarship
of ontological depth: an approach that can not just debate issues,
but also address questions of practice and meaning. Organized into
three sections - Head, Heart and Hand - this volume covers the
following key research areas: Theories of Human Ecology Indigenous
and Wisdom Traditions Eco-spiritual Epistemologies and Ontology
Research practice in Human Ecology The researcher-researched
relationship Research priorities for a holistic world With the
study of human ecology becoming increasingly imperative, this
comprehensive volume will be a valuable addition for classroom use.
J.D. Lewis-Williams, one of the leading South African
archaeologists and ethnographers, excavates meaning from the
complex mythological stories of the San-Bushmen to create a larger
theory of how myth is used in culture. He extracts their "nuggets,"
the far-reaching but often unspoken words and concepts of language
and understanding that are opaque to outsiders, to establish a more
nuanced theory of the role of these myths in the thought-world and
social circumstances of the San. The book -draws from the unique
19th century Bleek/Lloyd archives, more recent ethnographic work,
and San rock art;-includes well-known San stories such as The
Broken String, Mantis Dreams, and Creation of the
Eland;-extrapolates from our understanding of San mythology into a
larger model of how people create meaning from myth.
Human ecology - the study and practice of relationships between the
natural and the social environment - has gained prominence as
scholars seek more effectively to engage with pressing global
concerns. In the past seventy years most human ecology has skirted
the fringes of geography, sociology and biology. This volume
pioneers radical new directions. In particular, it explores the
power of indigenous and traditional peoples' epistemologies both to
critique and to complement insights from modernity and
postmodernity. Aimed at an international readership, its
contributors show that an inter-cultural and transdisciplinary
approach is required. The demands of our era require a scholarship
of ontological depth: an approach that can not just debate issues,
but also address questions of practice and meaning. Organized into
three sections - Head, Heart and Hand - this volume covers the
following key research areas: Theories of Human Ecology Indigenous
and Wisdom Traditions Eco-spiritual Epistemologies and Ontology
Research practice in Human Ecology The researcher-researched
relationship Research priorities for a holistic world With the
study of human ecology becoming increasingly imperative, this
comprehensive volume will be a valuable addition for classroom use.
This book argues that there is a need to develop greater
indigenous-led intergenerational resilience in order to meet the
challenges posed by contemporary crises of climate change, cultural
clashes, and adversity. In today's media, the climate crisis is
kept largely separate and distinct from the violent cultural
clashes unfolding on the grounds of religion and migration, but
each is similarly symptomatic of the erasure of the human
connection to place and the accompanying tensions between
generations and cultures. This book argues that both forms of
crisis are intimately related, under-scored and driven by the
structures of white supremacism which at their most immediate and
visible, manifest as the discipline of black bodies, and at more
fundamental and far-reaching proportions, are about the power,
privilege and patterns of thinking associated with but no longer
exclusive to white people. In the face of such crisis, it is
essential to bring the experience and wisdom of Elders and
traditional knowledge keepers together with the contemporary
realities and vision of youth. This book's inclusive and critical
perspective on Indigenous-led intergenerational resilience will be
valuable to Indigenous and non-Indigenous interdisciplinary
scholars working on human-ecological resilience.
This fascinating book continues the story begun in the bestselling
and critically acclaimed book The Mind in the Cave. Drawing on the
latest research and recent discoveries, the authors skilfully link
material on human consciousness, imagery and belief systems to
propose provocative new theories about the causes of an ancient
revolution in cosmology, the origins of social complexity and even
the drive behind the domestication of plants and animals. In doing
so they create a fascinating neurological bridge to the mysterious
thought-lives of the past and reveal the essence of a momentous
period in human history.
J.D. Lewis-Williams, one of the leading South African
archaeologists and ethnographers, excavates meaning from the
complex mythological stories of the San-Bushmen to create a larger
theory of how myth is used in culture. He extracts their "nuggets,"
the far-reaching but often unspoken words and concepts of language
and understanding that are opaque to outsiders, to establish a more
nuanced theory of the role of these myths in the thought-world and
social circumstances of the San. The book -draws from the unique
19th century Bleek/Lloyd archives, more recent ethnographic work,
and San rock art;-includes well-known San stories such as The
Broken String, Mantis Dreams, and Creation of the
Eland;-extrapolates from our understanding of San mythology into a
larger model of how people create meaning from myth.
The Desert Turned to Glass is a place where the cosmic and chthonic
collide. Commemorating the centenary of the planetarium as an
architectural type, this book collects a new body of work by
acclaimed Canadian artist Charles Stankievech. Thematically, the
project explores alternative theories concerning the origin of
life, consciousness, and art—bridging the cosmological visions of
cave art and the modern technology of the planetarium. Richly
illustrated, the book pairs images of Stankievech’s installations
and cinematic works with newly commissioned writings by geologists,
exobiologists, philosophers and archeologists. Spanning the abyss
of space and the depths of the earth, The Desert Turned to Glass is
an epic meditation on origins, endings, and infinity.
San rock paintings, scattered over the range of southern Africa,
are considered by many to be the very earliest examples of
representational art. There are as many as 15,000 known rock art
sites, created over the course of thousands of years up until the
nineteenth century. There are possibly just as many still awaiting
discovery.
Taking as his starting point the magnificent Linton panel in the
Iziko-South African Museum in Cape Town, J. D. Lewis-Williams
examines the artistic and cultural significance of rock art and how
this art sheds light on how San image-makers conceived their world.
It also details the European encounter with rock art as well as the
contentious European interaction with the artists' descendants, the
contemporary San people.
This innovative book addresses the historical development of social
and fiscal policies from the late 1970s to the present day by
asking what has changed, how these changes have affected the
lifecourse and what the potential lifetime impacts of policy change
are. This book provides an overview of the development of policy
change over the period and uses an innovative and unique lifetime
approach "from the cradle to the grave" to put it into perspective.
The authors begin by reviewing the political changes and policy
story since the 1970s and demonstrate the economic and social
changes that have occurred alongside. The book then takes an
innovative approach in looking at specific programmes about crucial
aspects of the lifecycle - from maternity and childhood, through to
adult events and risks before finally looking at retirement,
survivorship and death. Finally, profiles of three hypothetical
"families" - the Meades, who are median earners, the Moores, high
earners and the Lowes who are low paid - are developed for 1979,
1997 and 2008 to provide a comprehensive discussion of policy
change and make innovative insights for the future. This is the
first book to join up the history of policy direction with an
analysis of outcomes over the whole period. It will therefore be
ideal for students of social policy and attract a wide readership
interested in pensions, children's support and related issues.
This innovative book addresses the historical development of social
and fiscal policies from the late 1970s to the present day by
asking three major questions: What has changed? How have these
changes affected the lifecourse? What are the potential lifetime
impacts of policy change? This book provides an overview of the
development of policy change over the period and uses an innovative
and unique lifetime approach 'from the cradle to the grave' to put
it into perspective. The authors begin by reviewing the political
changes and policy story since the 1970s and demonstrate the
economic and social changes that have occurred alongside. The book
then takes an innovative approach in looking at specific programmes
about crucial aspects of the lifecycle - from maternity and
childhood, through to adult events and risks before finally looking
at retirement, survivorship and death. Finally, profiles of three
hypothetical 'families' - the Meades, who are median earners, the
Moores, high earners and the Lowes who are low paid - are developed
for 1979, 1997 and 2008 to provide a comprehensive discussion of
policy change and make innovative insights for the future. This is
the first book to join up the history of policy direction with an
analysis of outcomes over the whole period. It will therefore be
ideal for graduate and post-graduate students of social policy and
attract a wide readership with interested in pensions, children's
support and related issues.
At the intersection between western culture and Africa, we find the
San people of the Kalahari desert. Once called Bushmen, the San
have survived many characterizations_from pre-human animals by the
early European colonials, to aboriginal conservationists in perfect
harmony with nature by recent New Age adherents. Neither caricature
does justice to the complex world view of the San. Eminent
anthropologists David Lewis-Williams and David Pearce present
instead a balanced view of the spiritual life of this much-studied
people, examining the interplay of their cosmology, myth, ritual,
and art. Integrating archaeological finds, historical accounts,
ethnographic information, and interpretation of rock art, the
authors discuss San cosmic geography, the role of shamans and
mind-altering substances, the ritual of the trance dance, the
legends reproduced on stone, and other intriguing accounts of
other-worldly experiences. From this, Lewis-Williams and Pearce
illuminate the world view of the San, how it plays out in their
society, and how it has been challenged and altered by the modern
world. For students of anthropology, archaeology, religion, and
African studies, this volume will be essential and fascinating
reading.
At the intersection between western culture and Africa, we find the
San people of the Kalahari desert. Once called Bushmen, the San
have survived many characterizations_from pre-human animals by the
early European colonials, to aboriginal conservationists in perfect
harmony with nature by recent New Age adherents. Neither caricature
does justice to the complex world view of the San. Eminent
anthropologists David Lewis-Williams and David Pearce present
instead a balanced view of the spiritual life of this much-studied
people, examining the interplay of their cosmology, myth, ritual,
and art. Integrating archaeological finds, historical accounts,
ethnographic information, and interpretation of rock art, the
authors discuss San cosmic geography, the role of shamans and
mind-altering substances, the ritual of the trance dance, the
legends reproduced on stone, and other intriguing accounts of
other-worldly experiences. From this, Lewis-Williams and Pearce
illuminate the world view of the San, how it plays out in their
society, and how it has been challenged and altered by the modern
world. For students of anthropology, archaeology, religion, and
African studies, this volume will be essential and fascinating
reading.
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