Design of Deep Braced Excavation in Urban Geotechnical Environments presents the design and calculation of deep braced excavation in urban geotechnical environments considering the soil characteristics of spatial variability and anisotropy, as well as excavation responses of urban adjacent utilities such as pipelines, tunnels, foundation piles and buildings. With economic development and further urbanization, excavation goes deeper, longer, and larger in scale. These conditions require advanced analysis and design methods. The text begins with coverage of overall stability, earth pressure and strut force, retaining wall responses, and ground movements. Numerical modeling and computer codes are outlined in detail. The authors then take a close look at the design of jet grouting for deformation control, instrumentation and back analysis for excavation, and the characteristics of deep braced excavation in complex geological environment. The final chapters conclude with an examination of the determination of excavation responses of urban adjacent utilities and failure analysis based on several case histories. This book provides the latest knowledge in both theory and practical application for geotechnical design engineers working on deep excavation problems.

Plasmonic nanostructures provide new ways of manipulating the flow of light with nanostructures and nanoparticles exhibiting optical properties never before seen in the macro-world. Covering plasmonic technology from fundamental theory to real world applications, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the field. * Discusses the fundamental theory of plasmonics, enabling a deeper understanding of plasmonic technology * Details numerical methods for modeling, design and optimization of plasmonic nanostructures * Includes step-by-step design guidelines for active and passive plasmonic devices, demonstrating the implementation of real devices in the standard CMOS nanoscale electronic-photonic integrated circuit to help cut design, fabrication and characterisation time and cost * Includes real-world case studies of plasmonic devices and sensors, explaining the benefits and downsides of different nanophotonic integrated circuits and sensing platforms. Ideal for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of nanophotonics and nanoelectronics as well as optical biosensing.

Retinoic acid (RA) is a signalling molecule involved in many important pathways in every cell. When RA binds to RA receptors and activates them, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis can occur. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the structure, mechanisms and roles in disease of retinoic acid. Topics discussed include retinoid signalling in mammalian inner ear development; nuclear receptors for retinoids involved in the control of expression activity of p-glycoprotein; retinoic acid signaling and immunotherapy of cancer; using retinoic acid in molecular medicine and retinol/vitamin A signalling and self-renewal of stem cells.