Comprehensive resource covering concepts, perspectives, and skills required to understand the preparation, nonlinear optics, and applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials Bringing together many interdisciplinary experts in the field of 2D materials with their applications in nonlinear optics, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics covers preparation methods for various novel 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and single elemental 2D materials, excited-state dynamics of 2D materials behind their outstanding performance in photonic devices, instrumentation for exploring the photoinduced excited-state dynamics of the 2D materials spanning a wide time scale from ultrafast to slow, and future trends of 2D materials on a series of issues like fabrications, dynamic investigations, and photonic/optoelectronic applications. Powerful nonlinear optical characterization techniques, such as Z-scan measurement, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and microscopy are also introduced. Edited by two highly qualified academics with extensive experience in the field, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics covers sample topics such as: Foundational knowledge on nonlinear optical properties, and fundamentals and preparation methods of 2D materials with nonlinear optical properties Modulation and enhancement of optical nonlinearity in 2D materials, and nonlinear optical characterization techniques for 2D materials and their applications in a specific field Novel nonlinear optical imaging systems, ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy for investigating carrier dynamics in emerging 2D materials, and transient terahertz spectroscopy 2D materials for optical limiting, saturable absorber, second and third harmonic generation, nanolasers, and space use With collective insight from researchers in many different interdisciplinary fields, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics is an essential resource for materials scientists, solid state chemists and physicists, photochemists, and professionals in the semiconductor industry who are interested in understanding the state of the art in the field.

Collaborated by Chinese and American scholars, Understanding China's Urbanization opens up a new channel to disseminate Chinese studies to the world. Highly readable, the book provides fine-grained materials and detailed information on Chinese urbanization. Li Zhang, Richard LeGates and Min Zhao effectively convey an indigenous perspective on Chinese urban futures and present a picture with sufficient complexity and wide coverage.' - Fulong Wu, University College London, UK 'A most comprehensive book about urbanization in China, with in-depth insights from a talented scholarly team. This book is far more than a snapshot of the Chinese story, it reveals the important developments that have occured as China has transitioned into a dynamic urban country.' - Shi Nan, Secretary General, Urban Planning Society of China 'Zhang, LeGates, and Zhao's book builds on the voluminous literature on China's urbanization by adding new data, findings, insights, perspectives, and recommendations. Both academically sophisticated and reader-friendly, the book surveys and critiques research in and outside China and highlights new phenomena in urbanization, governance, migration, foreign direct investment, and city clusters. Richly decorated with illustrations as well as the authors' original statistical and field analyses, the book is a much welcome multidisciplinary contribution to understanding a burning question in China.' - C. Cindy Fan, University of California, Los Angeles China's urbanization is one of the great earth-changing phenomena of recent times. The way in which China continues to urbanize will have a critical impact on the world economy, global climate change, international relations and a host of other critical issues. Understanding and responding to China's urbanization is of paramount importance to everyone. This book represents a unique exploration of the demographic, spatial, economic and social aspects of China's urban transformation. Based on years of fieldwork and data analysis from different types of cities and towns in every region of China, the authors present a detailed description of how China has urbanized since 1978 and an original theory about the way in which top-down and bottom-up policies have impacted urbanization. They describe China's on-going urbanization process as a 'double-dual' transformation from a planned economy to a more market-oriented one and from a concern with the quantity to the quality of urbanization. In doing so, the authors provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on Chinese urbanization to date. This scholarly study will appeal to academics and practitioners, including professors and postgraduate students of urban studies, planning, geography, Asian studies, and other social science disciplines and professional fields concerned with cities and urban development. Professionals involved in international development, particularly in China and elsewhere in Asia, will be particularly interested in the book.

This book provides the readers with an interdisciplinary perspective on communication in the diffuse boundaries that also demonstrates the diversity and inclusion for presenting wide range and rapid changes in contents, and the authors use "smart" as the guiding principle while indicate "communication" has been defined as a core feature. Appropriately, the book is divided into eight major sections. As always, the inevitable result of upgrading and constant iterations of developing new communication technology, the media communication has turned out to be one of the most important means in the smart era. The book sheds new light on virtual reality (VR), a pioneering technology in smart media communication, as an entry point to explore why the core social networks of smart news and smart media communication could occupy the central position in smart media communication while to discuss issues such as platform society built using smart media communication, and further elaborate on the integration of 5G technology, media and social transformation. This book not merely covers disciplines such as journalism and communication, but also on the universal application of smart media communication, and furthermore, it provides practical guidance and reviews cutting-edge ideas. It serves as a good future reference to help scholars, graduate students as well as relevant professionals for thinking outside the box that in order to continually expand reader's knowledge and professional capabilities, especially aware of the impact of observation and judgment, value analysis and lifelong learning.

Clean and sustainable energy is of paramount importance for industrial activities, economic development, environment, and welfare of civilians. As such, research on generation, storage, and application of clean energy is a central concern of both academia and industry. This collection addresses the pressing needs for sustainable technologies with reduced energy consumption and environmental pollutions and the development and application of alternative sustainable energy to maintain a green environment and efficient and long-lasting energy supply. Contributors represent both industry and academia and focus on new and efficient energy technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, and recycling and waste heat recovery, as well as emerging novel energy solutions. The volume also covers a broad range of mature and new technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions.

This collection focuses on energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The volume also covers various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Papers addressing renewable energy resources for metals and materials production, waste heat recovery and other industrial energy efficient technologies, new concepts or devices for energy generation and conversion, energy efficiency improvement in process engineering, sustainability and life cycle assessment of energy systems, as well as the thermodynamics and modeling for sustainable metallurgical processes are included. This volume also offers topics on CO2 sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from process engineering, sustainable technologies in extractive metallurgy, as well as the materials processing and manufacturing industries with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emission. Contributions from all areas of non-nuclear and non-traditional energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass are also included in this volume.Papers from the following symposia are presented in the book:Energy TechnologiesAdvances in Environmental Technologies: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionDeriving Value from Challenging Waste Materials: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionSolar Cell Silicon

This book presents the key technology of electronic noses, and systematically describes how e-noses can be used to automatically analyse odours. Appealing to readers from the fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, electrical engineering, electronics, and instrumentation science, it addresses three main areas: First, readers will learn how to apply machine learning, pattern recognition and signal processing algorithms to real perception tasks. Second, they will be shown how to make their algorithms match their systems once the algorithms don't work because of the limitation of hardware resources. Third, readers will learn how to make schemes and solutions when the acquired data from their systems is not stable due to the fundamental issues affecting perceptron devices (e.g. sensors). In brief, the book presents and discusses the key technologies and new algorithmic challenges in electronic noses and artificial olfaction. The goal is to promote the industrial application of electronic nose technology in environmental detection, medical diagnosis, food quality control, explosive detection, etc. and to highlight the scientific advances in artificial olfaction and artificial intelligence. The book offers a good reference guide for newcomers to the topic of electronic noses, because it refers to the basic principles and algorithms. At the same time, it clearly presents the key challenges - such as long-term drift, signal uniqueness, and disturbance - and effective and efficient solutions, making it equally valuable for researchers engaged in the science and engineering of sensors, instruments, chemometrics, etc.

This collection focuses on energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The volume also covers various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Papers addressing renewable energy resources for metals and materials production, waste heat recovery and other industrial energy efficient technologies, new concepts or devices for energy generation and conversion, energy efficiency improvement in process engineering, sustainability and life cycle assessment of energy systems, as well as the thermodynamics and modeling for sustainable metallurgical processes are included. This volume also includes topics on CO2 sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from process engineering, sustainable technologies in extractive metallurgy, as well as the materials processing and manufacturing industries with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emission. Contributions from all areas of non-nuclear and non-traditional energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass are also included in this volume.Papers from the following symposia are presented in the book:Energy Technologies and CO2 ManagementAdvanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Deriving Value from Challenging Waste Streams: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionSolar Cell SiliconStored Renewable Energy in Coal

The use of the wind as an energy source is increasing and growing worldwide. Wind energy is an important non-fossil option to supplement fossil (coal, natural gas and oil) and nuclear fuels for the generation of electricity.Many parts of the world, particularly the coastlines of Western Europe, North Africa, North and South America, India, Eastern Russia, China, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand, experience a high annual incidence of wind energy. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Republic of Ireland form a particularly windy location, being favoured with strong westerly winds. The technology of the design and installation of wind turbines and wind farms are, in fact, well established. Operational practice, though, is still being developed as engineers learn by experience.This book is written for electrical engineers concerned with the use of wind power for generating electricity. It incorporates some meteorological features of international wind supply plus a survey of the past and present wind turbines with technical assessment of the choice of turbine sites. Detailed coverage is given to the different types of electrical generator machines used and the electronic control devices employed in modern turbine systems.Importantly, this book devotes full chapters to the integration of wind farms into established electrical grid supply systems, and the environmental and economic aspects of wind generation. Engineers will be drawn to the practical approach in this book, featuring worked numerical examples - complete with answers - at the end of some chapters.

This thesis examines laser generation from the ultraviolet to the short edge of the mid-infrared band by exploiting the nonlinear effects in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Several different physical mechanisms are investigated by using homemade PCFs with elaborately customized dispersion profiles. A particular focus is on the development of fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) and oscillators (FOPOs) based on the PCFs with a zero-dispersion wavelength of ca.1.06 m. In particular, several schemes are proposed for solving the key problems involved in the application of FOPOs. These oscillators can be made more convenient to use by optimizing the wavelength-tuning mechanisms and made more energy-efficient with the help of specially designed cavity structures. Today's oscillators are more reliable, powerful and maneuverable than ever. This thesis provides a systematic road map in connection with the study of nonlinear wavelength generation in PCFs, from their fiber design and technical fabrication, to their physical mechanism and experimental investigation.

Explore the concepts, algorithms, and applications underlying federated learning In Federated Learning for Future Intelligent Wireless Networks, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and insightful collection of resources covering the foundational concepts and algorithms powering federated learning, as well as explanations of how they can be used in wireless communication systems. The editors have included works that examine how communication resource provision affects federated learning performance, accuracy, convergence, scalability, and security and privacy. In the book, readers will explore a wide range of topics that show how federated learning algorithms, concepts, and design and optimization issues that apply to wireless communications. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the fundamental concepts and algorithms of federated learning, including horizontal, vertical, and hybrid FL Comprehensive explorations of wireless communication network design and optimization for federated learning Practical discussions of novel federated learning algorithms and frameworks for future wireless networks Expansive case studies in edge intelligence, autonomous driving, IoT, MEC, blockchain, and content caching and distribution Perfect for electrical and computer science engineers, researchers, professors, and postgraduate students with an interest in machine learning, Federated Learning for Future Intelligent Wireless Networks will also benefit regulators and institutional actors responsible for overseeing and making policy in the area of artificial intelligence.

This book describes a range of new biometric technologies, such as high-resolution fingerprint, finger-knuckle-print, multi-spectral backhand, 3D fingerprint, tongueprint, 3D ear, and multi-spectral iris technologies. Further, it introduces readers to efficient feature extraction, matching and fusion algorithms, in addition to developing potential systems of its own. These advanced biometric technologies and methods are divided as follows: 1. High-Resolution Fingerprint Recognition; 2. Finger-Knuckle-Print Verification; 3. Other Hand-Based Biometrics; and 4. New Head-Based Biometrics. Traditional biometric technologies, such as fingerprint, face, iris, and palmprint, have been extensively studied and addressed in many research books. However, all of these technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no single type of biometric technology that can be used for all applications. Many new biometric technologies have been developed in recent years, especia lly in response to new applications. The contributions gathered here focus on how to develop a new biometric technology based on the requirements of essential applications, and how to design efficient algorithms that yield better performance.

Under Quality of Service (QoS) routing, paths for flows are selected based upon the knowledge of resource availability at network nodes and the QoS requirements of flows. QoS routing schemes proposed differ in the way they gather information about the network state and select paths based on this information. We broadly categorize these schemes into best-path routing and proportional routing. The best-path routing schemes gather global network state information and always select the best path for an incoming flow based on this global view. On the other hand, proportional routing schemes proportion incoming flows among a set of candidate paths. We have shown that it is possible to compute near-optimal proportions using only locally collected information. Furthermore, a few good candidate paths can be selected using infrequently exchanged global information and thus with minimal communication overhead.

Localized Quality Of Service Routing For The Internet, describes these schemes in detail demonstrating that proportional routing schemes can achieve higher throughput with lower overhead than best-path routing schemes. It first addresses the issue of finding near-optimal proportions for a given set of candidate paths based on locally collected flow statistics. This book will also look into the selection of a few good candidate paths based on infrequently exchanged global information. The final phase of this book will describe extensions to proportional routing approach to provide hierarchical routing across multiple areas in a large network.

Localized Quality Of Service Routing For The Internet is designed for researchers and practitioners in industry, and is suitable for graduatelevel students in computer science as a secondary text.

Topics on CO2 sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from process engineering and materials for clean energy are covered. Papers addressing sustainable technologies in extractive metallurgy, materials processing and manufacturing industries with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emission are also included, as well as industrial energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The book also carries contributions from all areas of non-nuclear and non-traditional energy sources, including renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, etc. The book also emphasizes novel mineral beneficiation, processing, and extraction techniques leading to waste minimization of critical rare-earth materials used in energy systems (e.g., magnets, display and lighting devices).

This book explores how China, and especially China’s Belt and Road Initiative, is viewed in European media and by European think tanks, thereby indicating what European elites’ views of China are. Looking right across Europe – the European Union, Western Europe including the United Kingdom, Central Europe and Eastern Europe – the book reveals a complex picture, with different views in different places, and with different aspects of China disproportionately emphasised in some places. As China’s importance in the world continues to grow it is crucial to understand how distorted views of China are shaping relations with China.

Network monitoring serves as the basis for a wide scope of network, engineering and management operations. Precise network monitoring involves inspecting every packet traversing in a network. However, this is not feasible with future high-speed networks, due to significant overheads of processing, storing, and transferring measured data. Network Monitoring in High Speed Networks presents accurate measurement schemes from both traffic and performance perspectives, and introduces adaptive sampling techniques for various granularities of traffic measurement. The techniques allow monitoring systems to control the accuracy of estimations, and adapt sampling probability dynamically according to traffic conditions. The issues surrounding network delays for practical performance monitoring are discussed in the second part of this book. Case studies based on real operational network traces are provided throughout this book. Network Monitoring in High Speed Networks is designed as a secondary text or reference book for advanced-level students and researchers concentrating on computer science and electrical engineering. Professionals working within the networking industry will also find this book useful.

Cloud Data Center Network Architectures and Technologies has been written with the support of Huawei's vast technical knowledge and experience in the data center network (DCN) field, as well as its understanding of customer service requirements. This book describes in detail the architecture design, technical implementation, planning and design, and deployment suggestions for cloud DCNs based on the service challenges DCNs encounter. It starts by describing the overall architecture and technical evolution of DCNs, with the aim of helping readers understand the development of DCNs. It then proceeds to explain the design and implementation of cloud DCNs, including the service model of a single data center (DC), construction of physical and logical networks of DCs, construction of multiple DCNs, and security solutions of DCs. Next, this book dives deep into practices of cloud DCN deployment based on real-world cases to help readers better understand how to build cloud DCNs. Finally, this book introduces DCN openness and some of the hottest forward-looking technologies. In summary, you can use this book as a reference to help you to build secure, reliable, efficient, and open cloud DCNs. It is intended for technical professionals of enterprises, research institutes, information departments, and DCs, as well as teachers and students of computer network-related majors in colleges and universities. Authors Lei Zhang Mr. Zhang is the Chief Architect of Huawei's DCN solution. He has more than 20 years' experience in network product and solution design, as well as a wealth of expertise in product design and development, network planning and design, and network engineering project implementation. He has led the design and deployment of more than 10 large-scale DCNs for Fortune Global 500 companies worldwide. Le Chen Mr. Chen is a Huawei DCN Solution Documentation Engineer with eight years' experience in developing documents related to DCN products and solutions. He has participated in the design and delivery of multiple large-scale enterprise DCNs. Mr. Chen has written many popular technical document series, such as DCN Handbook and BGP Topic.

This book extends the conventional two-dimensional (2D) magnet arrangement into 3D pattern for permanent magnet linear machines for the first time, and proposes a novel dual Halbach array. It can not only effectively increase the radial component of magnetic flux density and output force of tubular linear machines, but also significantly reduce the axial flux density, radial force and thus system vibrations and noises. The book is also the first to address the fundamentals and provide a summary of conventional arrays, as well as novel concepts for PM pole design in electric linear machines. It covers theoretical study, numerical simulation, design optimization and experimental works systematically. The design concept and analytical approaches can be implemented to other linear and rotary machines with similar structures. The book will be of interest to academics, researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in electronic engineering and mechanical engineering who wish to learn the core principles, methods, and applications of linear and rotary machines.

Connie Kelly Tang and Lei Zhang have provided a holistic coverage of the entire surface transportation project and program development process from the beginning of planning though environmental approval, design, right-of way acquisition, construction to operations and maintenance.- Neil Pedersen, Executive Director, Transportation Research Board, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC Transportation program and project development is complex. The process spans over planning, programming, environment, design, right of way, construction, operations, and maintenance. Professionals from civil engineering, planning, social and environmental sciences, business and project management, and data science, work together in a relay team to transform an idea into a highway, a transit hub, an airport or a water facility. It is challenging for any one person to master all the knowledge and skills needed to perform every relevant task. However, it is critical for all involved to understand how this relay works and how the societal, environmental, governmental, and regulatory contexts influence the process and the technical solution. Professionals who understand the process and see the big picture are those who rise to the top as leaders. Transportation Project and Program Development provides holistic coverage on the technical subject matter, processes and procedures, and policy and guidance associated with transportation project and program development, which can help professionals become program leaders. For each phase of the process, key products delivered, processes used, governing principles, foundations of applicable science and engineering, technologies deployed, and knowledge required are discussed. While all coverages reflect the practices of the United States, the logic, principles, science, and engineering are applicable to all countries of the world. The book can also serve as an introductory textbook for undergraduate students and as a textbook or reference for a graduate-level course in civil engineering, transportation engineering, planning, and project management.

Remote, mysterious, exotic, unforgettable: islands are captivating and unique places. But what makes them so special? Take a trip across the globe to explore 18 of the world's most intriguing islands and discover their stories. Some islands are busy, bustling homes to many people, while others have almost no life at all. Some are covered in thick jungle, others in freezing ice. Some are millions of years old, and others are brand new. Islands come in countless shapes and sizes, and this book lets you explore. Turn the pages to climb their mountains, swim in their seas, discover their histories, wonder at their treasures - and above all, be inspired.

The reliance on fossil fuels for energy is unsustainable and has released an unprecedentedamount of carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. The continual research and developmenteffort into clean and sustainable energy technologies is of paramount importance toensure the responsible progress of human civilization and innovations. This collection,with authors representing industry, government, and academia, focuses on energyefficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies,recycling and waste heat recovery, and emerging novel energy technologies. Thesymposium also covers various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems,processes that improve energy efficiency and reduce thermal emissions.Topics include: * Renewable Energy and Combustion Technologies * Energy Efficiency, Decarbonization and CO2 Management * Thermal Management and Hydrogen Technology

This book discusses the most recent developments in the WTO regime. Issues such as E-commerce, security exception clause, China's compliance with the WTO obligations, sustainability development, IP protection in FTZs, trade controls and etc., are at the forefront of WTO studies. These issues strongly influence people's understanding of the current role of WTO and provides possible way to revitalize the function of WTO. Meanwhile,  as the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation and the holder of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, China is apparently a powerful figure in leading these issues. Therefore, this book explores extensively these issues from a Chinese perspective to see what China could do to reboost the world trade.

This book takes an in-depth look at Covid-19-generated societal trends and develops scenarios for possible future directions of urban lifestyles. Drawing on examples from Brazil, China, and Israel, and with a particular focus on cities, this book explores the short and long-term changes in individual consumers and citizen behavior as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. On the basis of extensive market and opinion research data, aggregate data, observational evidence, and news reports, the authors provide a detailed account of the transformations that have occurred as a result of a triple shock of public health emergency, economic shutdown, and social isolation. They also examine which of these behavioral changes are likely to become permanent and consider whether this may ultimately promote or restrain sustainable lifestyle choices. Innovative and timely, this book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and professionals researching and working in the areas of sustainable consumption, urban and land use planning, and public health.

Developments in deep learning in the past decade have led to phenomenal growth in AI-based automated medical diagnosis, opening a door to a new era of both medical research and medical industry. It is a golden age for researchers involved in the development and application of advanced machine learning techniques for medical and clinical problems. This book captures the most recent important advances in this cross-disciplinary topic and brings the latest advances to a wide audience including experts, researchers, students, industry developers and medical services.

This book introduces China's current publishing industry in the new era, especially when facing the big challenge from social media and technology transformation. Based on the calculation for the first time, the book and overall size of the content data of publications in China, the book presents 15 cases of Chinese publishers looking for opportunities to develop business, using the technology of big data and Internet. For global readers, it may help to build an overview on China's publishing industry and business innovation cases of media companies.

This edited volume is based on original essays first presented at seminars in complexity economics, Sichuan University, China, in November 2018 and May 2019, and at the 12th International Conference on the Chinese Economy, University of Clermont-Ferrand, France, in October 2019. It also includes three contributions written especially for this volume. This research benefited from three French grants 'Hubert Curien Research Fellowship' (Program Campus France 2019, 2020, 2021). All chapters assess the recent take-off of the Chinese economy from a historical perspective, enlarging the economic evidence that China's capitalism is a matter of institutional revolution.Institutional Change and China Capitalism aims to provide a radically new view of the rise of Chinese capitalism by drawing on recent developments in cliometrics and complexity economics, macroeconomic dynamics, network analysis and behavioral finance to illustrate the various facets of China's transition to capitalism. The chapters within innovate the study of China's take-off using the frontier of research in institutional cliometrics and complexity economics. Thus, the book is structured in three sections that seek to address - empirically, theoretically, and in terms of network structure, the profound institutional change that led China to progressively adopt capitalism.Together these papers attest to the vitality of current research in cliometrics and complexity economics.