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Richard Cumberland and Natural Law represents the first major
biographical sketch of Cumberland to appear in English. A critic
and antagonist of Thomas Hobbes, a proto-Utilitarian and a man of
the cloth, Richard Cumberland may be England's least recognised
seventeenth century polymath, often overshadowed by the likes of
John Bramhall and John Wallis. His magnum opus, De Legibus Naturae
(On Natural Laws) stands in quality amongst the greatest works of
natural philosophy and ethics of his time period. Here Kirk
outlines Cumberland's significant philosophical contributions as
well as situating him in his intellectual and historical context.
She describes his life, his work as Bishop of Peterborough, and his
pioneering contributions to natural law theory. Kirk also includes
a chapter on the various editions of Cumberland's masterwork and
the praise it received from his contemporaries. Richard Cumberland
and Natural Law remains the foremost collection of biographical
information of Richard Cumberland, as well as offering a
comprehensive discussion of his theories.
In the 1960s, Tillamook County was at war with itself. As the
regional dairy industry shifted from small local factories to
larger consolidated factories, as food safety and factory
conditions became more important, as the profit margins between
milk and cheese collapsed, Tillamook farmers found themselves at a
crossroads. How should the producers work with distributors, and
how could they advocate for their businesses without pricing
themselves out of the market? On one side of the debate was Beale
Dixon, head of the County Creamery Association, the co-op that
represented the county's farmers and packaged their products for
the big dairy distributors in the Willamette Valley. Dixon set up a
scheme to offer low-interest, low-collateral loans to the
supermarkets that stocked CCA products; he argued it was a cheap,
easy way to ensure good will-and continued purchases-in a tight
market. On the other side was George Milne, a respected farmer and
board member of Tillamook Cheese and Dairy Association, the largest
producer in the CCA. Milne believed that Dixon's loan program
amounted to fraud and embezzlement, and cheated the farmers out of
money they were due. The question of loans soon spiraled out into a
community-wide dispute, exacerbated by a complex web of family and
business relationships that made conflicts of interest hard to
avoid. Dixon worked for both CCA and Cheese and Dairy; he was fired
from one but not the other. The Cheese War raged for the better
part of a decade, across board meetings and courtrooms and the
community itself. Co-op members traded recall petitions and rival
factions distributed misleading petitions and letters. While
largely unknown outside of Tillamook County, the Cheese War was so
divisive that some families remain fractured today. Sisters Marilyn
Milne and Linda Kirk were children of the Cheese War. In elementary
school, they saw how it absorbed their parents, Barbara and George
Milne. As adults, they realized they actually knew very little
about it and set out to learn the real story. The authors have
conducted years of research through the archives and newspapers of
Tillamook County and conducted numerous interviews and oral
histories of key players in the Cheese War and their families. As
Americans become ever more interested in food supply chains and
ethical consumption, here is a story of the very human factors
behind one of Oregon's most famous brands.
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