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Common sense tells us that verbal communication should be a central
concern both for the study of communication and for the study of
language. Language is the most pervasive means of communication in
human societies, especially if we consider the huge gamut of
communication phenomena where spoken and written language combines
with other modalities, such as gestures or pictures. Most
communication researchers have to deal with issues of language use
in their work. Classic methods in communication research - from
content analysis to interviews and questionnaires, not to mention
the obvious cases of rhetorical analysis and discourse analysis -
presuppose the understanding of the meaning of spontaneous or
elicited verbal productions. Despite its pervasiveness, verbal
communication does not currently define one cohesive and distinct
subfield within the communication discipline. The Handbook of
Verbal Communication seeks to address this gap. In doing so, it
draws not only on the communication discipline, but also on the
rich interdisciplinary research on language and communication that
developed over the last fifty years as linguistics interacted with
the social sciences and the cognitive sciences. The interaction of
linguistic research with the social sciences has produced a
plethora of approaches to the study of meanings in social context -
from conversation analysis to critical discourse analysis, while
cognitive research on verbal communication, carried out in
cognitive pragmatics as well as in cognitive linguistics, has
offered insights into the interaction between language, inference
and persuasion and into cognitive processes such as framing or
metaphorical mapping. The Handbook of Verbal Communication volume
takes into account these two traditions selecting those issues and
themes that are most relevant for communication scholars. It
addresses background matters such as the evolution of human verbal
communication and the relationship between verbal and non-verbal
means of communication and offers a an extensive discussion of the
explicit and implicit meanings of verbal messages, with a focus on
emotive and figurative meanings. Conversation and fundamental types
of discourse, such as argument and narrative, are presented
in-depth, as is the key notion of discourse genre. The nature of
writing systems as well as the interaction of spoken or written
language with non-verbal modalities are devoted ample attention.
Different contexts of language use are considered, from the mass
media and the new media to the organizational contexts. Cultural
and linguistic diversity is addressed, with a focus on phenomena
such as multilingual communication and translation. A key feature
of the volume is the coverage of verbal communication quality.
Quality is examined both from a cognitive and from a social
perspective. It covers topics that range from to the cognitive
processes underlying deceptive communication to the methods that
can be used to assess the quality of texts in an organizational
context.
It is a fact that tense, aspect and modality together form one of
the most recurring and active areas of research in contemporary
syntax and semantics, as well as in other disciplines of
linguistics. A large number of syntactic and semantic phenomena are
concerned by the temporal-aspectual-modal level of representation:
information about time, aspect and modality is part of virtually
all sentences; inflexion is quite widely considered as the core of
syntactic projections. Because of this very crucial situation and
role in the sentence structure, temporal-aspectual and modal
information concerns virtually any part of the sentence and this
information has scope over the whole characterization of the
eventuality denoted by the sentence. This book is an up-to-date
milestone for the studies of temporality and language, in
particular regarding syntax and semantics, but with incidental
hints to pragmatics and theories of human natural language
understanding. Through this very tight selection of 15 papers
(originally delivered during the 6th Chronos colloquium), tenses,
aspect and modality are investigated both at the descriptive and
theoretical levels, involving many different Indo-European and
non-Indo-European languages. The volume sheds light on a wide array
of phenomena that remained too little explored until now. These
include the following: modal subordination in Japanese, epistemic
modals in Dutch and English in Free Indirect Speech contexts,
aspectual readings of idioms, adverb-licensing with the German
perfect, French imperfective past compared with English progressive
past, infinitival perfect in English, Adult Root Infinitives,
economy constraints on temporal subordinations, future modality,
past interpretation of present tense in embedded clauses, and time
without tenses in Mandarin and Navajo. The book is of interest to
scholars and advanced students in the fields of linguistics
(general linguistics, semantics, syntax) as well as philosophy and
logic.
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Pragmatics and Emotion
Tim Wharton, Louis De Saussure
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R3,210
R2,703
Discovery Miles 27 030
Save R507 (16%)
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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It has long been received wisdom in semantics and pragmatics that
'the head' and 'the heart' are two opposing forces, a view that has
led scholars, until now, to explore the mental processes behind
cognition, and the mental processes behind emotion, as two separate
entities. This bold, innovative book challenges this view, and
provides an original study of how we communicate our emotions
through language, drawing on both pragmatic theory and affective
science. It begins with the assumption that emotional or expressive
meaning plays such a central role in human interaction that any
pragmatic theory worth its salt must account for it. It meets the
associated challenges head-on and strives to integrate affect
within one theory of utterance interpretation, showing that
emotional meaning and rationality/reasoning can be analysed within
one framework. Written in a clear and concise style, it is
essential reading for anyone interested in communication and
emotion.
This book considers linguistic and mental representations of time.
Prominent linguists and philosophers from all over the world
examine and report on recent work on the representation of temporal
reference; the interaction of the temporal information from tense,
aspect, modality, temporal adverbials, and context; and the
representation of the temporal relations between events and states,
as well as between facts, propositions, sentences, and utterances.
They link this to current research on the cognitive processing of
temporal reference, linguistic and philosophical semantics,
psychology, and anthropology. The book is divided into three parts:
Time, Tense, and Temporal Reference in Discourse; Time and
Modality; and Cognition and Metaphysics of Time. It will interest
scholars and advanced students of time and temporal reference in
linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and cognitive
science.
Ce recueil met en lumiere quelques axes novateurs dans la recherche
actuelle sur la diachronie du francais, presentes lors de la
sixieme edition du colloque international Diachro, qui s'est tenue
a Leuven en octobre 2012. Le premier axe, methodologique, a trait a
la valeur heuristique de la traduction. Les textes traduits
constituent en effet des sources privilegiees pour etudier le
changement linguistique, surtout si la langue du texte cible
constitue une etape evolutive ulterieure de la langue du texte
source, comme c'est le cas de textes latins traduits en francais a
differents moments de l'histoire. Ils permettent de saisir sur le
vif les changements du latin au francais, ayant provoque
l'emergence d'un nouveau systeme linguistique. Un second axe de
recherche concerne la diachronie recente. L'approche historique
etant souvent associee a l'etude de la langue medievale et
(pre-)classique, la periode recente a ete peu exploree dans cette
perspective. Plusieurs contributions dans ce volume mettent en
evidence tout l'interet que peut presenter la recherche sur la
langue des 18e et 19e siecles. Un dernier volet de ce recueil
apporte un nouvel eclairage sur des sujets de morphosyntaxe deja
plus largement debattus tels l'ordre des mots, la subordination,
les temps verbaux et les demonstratifs.
Cet ouvrage presente une nouvelle approche originelle a la vielle
question de la variation du ne de negation en francais moderne.
Soigneusement etablie sur un corpus de langue parlee, l'auteur
presente l'hypothese de la variation linguistique
pluridimensionnelle: le clitique negatif ne est parfois realise,
comme dans la phrase ma mere ne vient pas, mais tres souvent omis,
surtout dans la communication informelle: je viens pas. Comme toute
variable linguistique, le ne de negation est soumis a un ensemble
d'influences potentielles. A l'aide d'une analyse multifactorielle,
Charlotte Meisner montre que la variation pluridimensionnelle du ne
de negation est determinee par un facteur-cle sous-jacent: la
prosodie du francais moderne.
Longtemps limitee a une simple perspective textualiste, l'anaphore
a, ces vingt dernieres annees, ete l'enjeu de nombreux travaux
influences par les forts courants de la linguistique du discours
ainsi que par les approches cognitives, pragmatiques et, plus
recemment encore, interactionnelles de la reference. Phenomene
discursif eminemment complexe, l'anaphore met en jeu des mecanismes
informationnels, memoriels et inferentiels varies, que de nombreux
modeles, linguistiques et psycholinguistiques, ont cherche a
capter. Le propos du present ouvrage est double: proposer un bilan
epistemologique mettant au jour, parmi les modeles et approches
proposes, ceux qui ont resiste au temps (et aux modes); pointer les
aspects du phenomene anaphorique qui necessiteraient des
investigations complementaires. En abordant l'anaphore de maniere
interdisciplinaire, ce livre vise aussi a decloisonner des domaines
de recherche qui trop souvent s'ignorent: il retablit le dialogue
entre approches linguistiques, psycholinguistiques et
acquisitionnelles, tout en faisant place aux perspectives orientees
vers la logopedie et le TAL (Traitement Automatique du Langage).
Du fait de leur intrigante variete formelle, les interrogatives
totales et partielles du francais ont fait l'objet, au cours des
annees ecoulees, d'une foule de recherches en syntaxe et en
sociolinguistique, alors que d'autres courants tels que la
rhetorique ou la pragmatique rivalisaient d'ingeniosite pour rendre
compte de leur variabilite semantique. Afin d'enrichir le debat, le
present ouvrage propose une reflexion a large spectre sur les tours
interrogatifs du francais, leur marquage syntaxique et intonatif,
les parametres linguistiques ou sociaux susceptibles de declencher,
dans un contexte donne, le choix d'une variante interrogative
plutot qu'une autre; l'ouvrage traite en outre des proprietes
semantiques et inferentielles des interrogatives, ainsi que des
fonctions discursives et narratologiques qui leur sont devolues.
Les auteurs appuient leurs analyses sur des exemples attestes,
parfois tires de corpus specifiques (dialogues de films de
banlieue, textos, Fables de La Fontaine, bandes dessinees...). Ils
manifestent un eclectisme theorique qui nous semble necessaire pour
apprehender de maniere non reductrice cet objet complexe, aux
multiples facettes.
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