|
Showing 1 - 14 of
14 matches in All Departments
What is knowledge and how is it represented? This book focuses on
the idea of formalising knowledge as relations, interpreting
knowledge represented in databases or logic programs as relational
data and discovering new knowledge by identifying hidden and
defining new relations. After a brief introduction to
representational issues, the author develops a relational language
for abstract machine learning problems. He then uses this language
to discuss traditional methods such as clustering and decision tree
induction, before moving onto two previously underestimated topics
that are just coming to the fore: rough set data analysis and
inductive logic programming. Its clear and precise presentation is
ideal for undergraduate computer science students. The book will
also interest those who study artificial intelligence or machine
learning at the graduate level. Exercises are provided and each
concept is introduced using the same example domain, making it
easier to compare the individual properties of different
approaches.
The original AO/ASIF Instrumentation manual presented a concise and
complete description of the AO instruments. Thoughtfully developed
by Fridolin Sequin and Rigmor Tex hammar, the manual discussed in a
clear fashion the purpose and care of the various AO instruments
that are handled by the operating room staff. One important feature
of the first edition was a detailed checklist of the instruments
required for the more common operative procedures for treating
fractures. Fridolin Sequin was well-suited to author the first
edition: his 15 years of experience as a technical engineer for the
AO gave him in-depth knowledge of AO instruments, and he drew on
the clinical knowledge of Rigmor Texhammar, a consultant and di
rector of the AO courses for nurses. Its original feature of com
bining a column of text with a column of illustrations meant the
manual quickly became accepted as a standard. By 1981, trans
lations could be found in English, French, Spanish, and Italian.
Not surprisingly, the manual was very popular."
J. SCHATZKER Friedrich Pauwels first postulated that excessive
osteotomies and in particular on a group ofJ 09 joint pressure
could cause the destruction of ar- osteotomies followed up for
13-15 years after ticular cartilage and lead to osteoarthritis, and
surgery. that the reduction of this pressure would bring Erwin
Morscher supports the long-term re- about regeneration of articular
cartilage and re- sults of Bombelli and Schneider in his analysis
gression of the disease. The first chapter of this of a study of
over 2,000 osteotomies performed book is a synthesis of Pauwels'
lifelong devotion in several Swiss centers. to the biomechanics of
the hip. It presents the He also presents a careful analysis of his
reader with a clear exposition of the intertro- own smaller series.
Based on all these data, he chanteric osteotomy as a procedure
based on defines for us the ideal parameters which clear
biomechanical principles, and illustrates should be present in
order to make the patient how biomechanical regeneration of the
joint can an ideal candidate for an intertrochanteric os- be
influenced by a reversal of the mechanical teotomy.
The German edition of our book entitled "Operative Frakturen
behandlung" by M. E. MUELLER, M. ALLGOEWER and H. WILLENEGGER
(Springer, Berlin . Goettingen . Heidelberg, 1963) has been out of
print now for more than three years. We are planning a new edition
which will deal with the collective experience of 14,000 new cases,
all treated by internal fixation, and will include the newest
developments in the field of internal fixa tion. However, it will
be some time before this new edition can be published. Increasing
demands for a description of the AO technique of internal fixation
has stimulated us to publish this manual. In it we shall describe
in a comprehensive but somewhat apodictic mann er the principles
and techniques of the AO methods of fracture treatment and
reconstructive surgery, which in our hands, have stood the test of
time. The book is written in a somewhat abbreviated style. It cor
responds in subject matter to the teaching given at the AO courses
in Davos, but deals with each subject more thoroughly. We have
dispensed with pictures of the instruments, as these may be found
in the Synthes Catalogue *. This manual should be regarded as the
product of collective experiencc, containing new thoughts and new
discoveries from basic research. In considering the risks of
mistakes and dangers, we can only reiterate what we have already
stated in "Technique of Internal Fixation of Fractures": "Open
treatment of fractures is a valuable but difficult method which
involves much responsibility.
It is to the great and lasting credit of LORENZ BOHLER and his
school that they have in the last decade developed and demonstrated
so thoroughly the techniques for the conservative management of
fractures. Nevertheless there have always been many, including some
from BOHLER'S school, who have found considerable place for
surgical management, and with the significant progress in general
surgery seen in postwar years, a new stimulus has been given to
this part of traumatic surgery, especially since bone injuries have
become more complex and frequent. The concept of internal fixation
is not new. The serious criticisms that have been levelled at it
retain today their basic significance. Progress in the fields of
asepsis, corrosion-free metal implants, operative experience and
postoperative care has diminished the dangers but has not relieved
the surgeon of responsibility. The Association for the Study of the
Problems of Internal Fixation (AO) has devoted itself over a number
of years to the basic principles and best methods of open treatment
of fractures by means of extended clinical and scientific studies
in order to determine in each individual case the most promising
line of treatment. At the same time a well designed and tested
instrument set has been developed with precise instructions for the
appropriate techniques. As a result, the new observations about
primary bone healing which have emerged from the practice of rigid
internal fixation are as interesting as the uses to which they can
be put in allowing early mobilization.
Modern endoprosthetics requires the examination of basic principles
such as metallurgy, tribology, gait analysis, model and system
development, methods of implant fixation, design, surface problems,
material characteristics, stability behaviour, and operating
techniques. With a background of more than 30 years of experience,
this work presents a summary of these fields, providing the reader
with the current state of knowledge. It is dedicated to Dr. med.
h.c. Otto Frey-Zund who, in conjunction with orthopaedic surgeons,
scientists and engineers from all over Europe, developed artificial
joints for hips, knees, elbows and wrists in over 30 years of
pioneering work.
It is with pleasure that we offer these introductory remarks for
the Manual of Internal Fixation in the Horse, a book describing a
further application of AO or ASIF techniques. The letters A-O stand
for the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fUr Osteosynthesefragen and have been
trans lated into the Association for the Study of Internal
Fixation. The organization is truly a "study group," created in
Switzerland, that met for the first time in 1958. The major goal
was to establish a task of fracture treatment by force committed to
the improvement osteosynthesis. The group's motivation arose out of
the then prevailing unsound or inconsistently successful attempts
at fracture treatment. According to statistics obtained from the
Swiss National Health Insurance Program at the time, the so-called
conservative treatment of fractures had resulted in a high rate of
persistent morbidity. The problems encoun tered included:
irreparable damage due to long-term immobilization; delayed union
or pseudoarthrosis; malalignment; and, inadequate reduction of
intraarticular fractures with resultant osteoarthritis. Accurate,
stable osteosynthesis seemed the only practical way to address
those various shortcomings. However, many of the osteosyn theses
performed at that time had led to new problems, since most were not
stable and, in some cases, actually worked to prevent healing."
Since 1958 the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation
(ASIF) has worked to establish the experimental and biomechanical
prin ciples of the operative treatment of fractures. It has been
proven that immediate, pain-free mobilization, made possible by
stable internal fixation, is the key to restoring function in a
fractured extremity. The same principles were applied in 1972173 by
Roland Schmoker, who developed a universal plate and sophisticated
instrument set designed initially for the treatment of comminuted
fractures of the mandible. To extend the applications of his plate
to reconstructions after ex tensive tumor resections, he
supplemented the device with tem poromandibular joint prostheses
and anchoring elements for the at tachment of dentures. He first
tested the functional stability of these implants experimentally in
sheep. Later he found that the minipig had a more human-like jaw
shape and masticatory action, and so he tested the implants in 37
mini pigs that underwent extensive mandibular re sections without
bone grafting, using sequential dye injections and postoperative
weight gain to chart the progress of osseous regener ation. Seven
other animals were not operated and served as controls."
What is knowledge and how is it represented? This book focuses on
the idea of formalising knowledge as relations, interpreting
knowledge represented in databases or logic programs as relational
data and discovering new knowledge by identifying hidden and
defining new relations. After a brief introduction to
representational issues, the author develops a relational language
for abstract machine learning problems. He then uses this language
to discuss traditional methods such as clustering and decision tree
induction, before moving onto two previously underestimated topics
that are just coming to the fore: rough set data analysis and
inductive logic programming. Its clear and precise presentation is
ideal for undergraduate computer science students. The book will
also interest those who study artificial intelligence or machine
learning at the graduate level. Exercises are provided and each
concept is introduced using the same example domain, making it
easier to compare the individual properties of different
approaches.
Bis vor zehn Jahren galt die operative Hiiftversteifung bei der
Behandlung der schmerzhaften einseitig teilversteiften oder stark
inkongruenten Hiifte als Therapie der Wahl. Bei richtiger
Indikation und Operationstechnik erzielte man damit ein
standfestes, schmerzfreies Hiiftgelenk, mit dem die meisten
Patienten sehr zufrieden waren. Heute glaubt nahezu jeder
Hiiftpatient und leider auch mancher orthopadi- sche Chirurg, daB
Totalprothesen bedenkenlos bei noch verhaltnismaBig jungen
Patienten implantiert werden diirfen. Enttauschungen werden aber
nicht lange auf sich warten lassen, denn Patienten unter fiinfzig
Jahren werden ihre einstweilen schmerzfreien kiinstlichen
Hiiftgelenke trotz allen arztlichen Mahnungen so sehr strapazieren,
daB sich schon nach wenigen Jahren manche einzementierte
Gelenkkorper lockem werden. Wohl kann eine Prothese ein- oder gar
zweimal ausgewechselt werden, was aber dann? 1m Jahre 1970 wurden
in einer Kollektivarbeit der neun groBten orthopadi- schen Kliniken
der Schweiz die Ergebnisse der intertrochanteren Osteotomie in
bezug auf Schmerzen, Gehfahigkeit, Beweglichkeit und
Arbeitsfahigkeit kritisch analysiert. Es wurden Richtlinien fUr die
Indikationsstellung, Wahl des Verfahrens und Operationstechnik
ausgearbeitet. Eine Kollektivarbeit der Schweiz. Gesellschaft fUr
Orthopadie solI demnachst die Spatergebnisse der Totalprothese fUr
das dritte bis zehnte Jahr nach dem Eingriff zusammenstellen und
nach ahnlichen Kriterien auswerten. 1m Laufe der letzten fUnfzehn
Jahre hat sich die Technik der Arthrodese grundlegend geandert.
Wahrend im Jahre 1958 noch niemand geglaubt hatte, daB eine
Hiiftarthrodese ohne Gipsverband fest werden konne, wurden an
verschiedenen Kliniken schon sechs Jahre spater die meisten
Hiiftarthrodesen mit der Doppelplatte oder der Kreuzplatte versorgt
und sofort funktionell nachbehandelt.
Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft fUr Osteosynthesefragen (AO) hat seit 1958
die biomechanischen und experimentellen Grundlagen der operativen
Frakturbehandlung erarbeitet. Als beste Voraussetzung zur Wiederer-
langung der vollen Funktion einer gebrochenen Extremitat erwies
sich die sofortige schmerzfreie Bewegungstherapie, die durch eine
stabile Osteosynthese ermaglicht wird. Dieselben Grundsatze wendete
Ro- land Schmoker 1972/73nach Entwicklung einer dreidimensional
ver- biegbaren Platte und eines ausgekliigelten Instrumentariums
zunachst bei Triimmerfrakturen des Unterkiefers an. Um seine Platte
auch nach ausgedehnten Tumorresektionen einset- zen zu kannen,
erganzte er sie mit Kiefergelenkprothesen und Veran-
kerungselementen zur Fixation eines Zahnersatzes. Diese neuartigen
Implantate unterzog er einer experimentellen Priifung der
Funktions- stabilitat vorerst an 6 Schafen und fand dann im Minipig
ein Tier mit menschenahnlicher Kieferform und entsprechender
Kaufunktion. So untersuchte er in der Folge an 37 Minipigs nach
ausgedehnten Kiefer- resektionen ohne zusatzlicher
Knochentransplantation die Knochen- neubildung mit polychromen
Sequenzmarkierungen und Gewichtzu- nahme. Als vergleichbare
Kontrollgruppe dienten ihm 7 nicht operier- te Tiere. Diese
tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen ermaglichten ihm, so- wohl
Implantate und Instrumentarium fortlaufend zu verbessern, als auch
die Indikation der intra-und extraoralen Verfahren zu prazisie-
ren. Damit wurden Voraussetzungen geschaffen, um diese Methode nach
Tumorresektionen beim Menschen anzuwenden. Die beim Tier gepriiften
Verankerungselemente fUr den Zahnersatz sindaber beim Menschen noch
nicht eingesetzt worden, so da8 das Buch diesbeziig- lich kein
abschlie8endes Urteil abgeben will.
Vor dem Hintergrund einer uber 30jahrigen Erfahrung zeigt dieses
Werk den aktuellen Wissensstand der Endoprothetik. Es ist
Dr.med.h.c. Otto Frey-Zund gewidmet, der in gemeinsamer
Pionierarbeit mit orthopadischen Chirurgen, Wissenschaftlern und
Ingenieuren aus ganz Europa Kunstgelenke fur Huft-, Knie-,
Ellenbogen- und Handgelenke entwickelt hat.
"
Dies ist die erste Monographie uber die Bruche des distalen
Unterschenkelsegmentes - vor allem die intraartikularen sogenannten
Pilon-tibial-Frakturen. Diese wurden bisher aufgrund ihrer
Seltenheit und Komplexitat noch nie in dieser Weise besprochen.
Auch die Klassifikation, operative Therapie und Prognose werden
dargestellt. Nach einer praxisorientierten anatomischen Einleitung
wird anhand des vielfaltigen Krankengutes der
AO-Dokumentationszentrale und gestutzt auf ausgedehnte eigene
Erfahrungen zunachst die Klassifikation erarbeitet und erlautert.
Diese schliesst sich eng an die von M.E. Muller et al. 1987
publizierte "Classification AO des Fractures" an. Das bei dieser
Lokalisation sehr spezielle Problem der artikularen Impression wird
eingehend behandelt. Es folgen eine Zusammenfassung der Geschichte
dieser Verletzungen und eine Ubersicht der bisherigen
Publikationen. Indikation, Technik und Problematik der oft
schwierigen operativen Behandlung werden ausfuhrlich wiedergegeben.
Spezielle Abschnitte uber neueste Auffassungen und Techniken,
sekundare Eingriffe und Arthrodesen wurden von Mitarbeitern des
Autors gestaltet. Ein Anhang enthalt die Detailanalyse des
verwerteten Krankengutes unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der
Prognose. Ziel des Buches ist es, traumatologisch aktive Chirurgen
und Orthopaden moglichst umfassend uber eine Verletzung zu
informieren, mit welcher sie nur relativ selten konfrontiert sind.
Die Einfachheit der Einteilung soll eine korrekte
Indikationsstellung und sorgfaltige Therapiewahl fordern unter
Berucksichtigung von Komplikationen und Prognose.
|
|