It is refreshing to find a book treating alkaloid analysis with all the latest techniques such as inverse-detected two dimensional NMR, GC/MS, and HPLC associated techniques. There have been many developments in the field of alkaloid analysis since the 1950s, not the least of which are the various powerful spectroscopic methods, which dominate this volume. Included also are the various aspects of tobacco alkaloids and analysis in various situations. The complexities of sampling and analysis in tobacco smoke is explained. Analysis of alkaloids produced by tobacco root cell cultures is included, while genetic and chemical analysis is described for "Papaver," a plant of considerable medicinal significance.

A solid introduction to the concepts and advanced applications of neural networks

Since the 1980s, the field of neural networks has undergone exponential growth. Robots in manufacturing, mining, agriculture, space and ocean exploration, and health sciences are just a few examples of the challenging applications where human-like attributes such as cognition and intelligence are playing an important role. Neural networks and related areas such as fuzzy logic and soft-computing in general are also contributing to complex decision-making in such fields as health sciences, management, economics, politics, law, and administration. In the future, robots could evolve into electro-mechanical systems with cognitive skills approaching human intelligence.

With a fascinating blend of heuristic concepts and mathematical rigor, Static and Dynamic Neural Networks: From Fundamentals to Advanced Theory outlines the basic concepts behind neural networks and leads the reader onward to more advanced theory and applications. Pedagogically sound and clearly written, this text discusses:

• Neuronal morphology and neuro-computational systems
• Threshold logic, adaptation, and learning
• Static neural networks–MFNNs, XOR Neural Networks, and Backpropagation Algorithms
• Dynamic neural networks–both continuous-time and discrete-time
• Binary neural networks, feedback binary associative memories, fuzzy sets, and other advanced topics

Thoroughly surveying the many-faceted and increasingly influential field of neural networks, this is a valuable reference for both practitioner and student.

Motion sickness is a very common disturbance of the inner ear that is caused by repeated motion such as from the swell of the sea, the movement of a car, the motion of a plane in turbulent air, etc. Most medications for motion sickness need to be taken at least 30 minutes prior exposure to the activity that can cause the problem. The Mouth Dissolving Films (MDF) are rapidly dissolving dosage forms which when placed in the mouth release the drug immediately. This solution of drug in saliva when swallowed will get rapidly absorbed in the GIT producing a rapid onset of action. These dosage forms would be preferred by pediatric and geriatric patients since these are not associated with fear of choking.Meclizine HCl was used as anti-emetic drug, mainly because of it diminishes vestibular stimulation and depresses labyrinthine function. An action on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. Other reason is that it has less side effect compare to other anti-emetic drugs.

Many elderly patients find difficulty to swallow tablets or capsules. It is estimated that 50% of the population is affected by this problem which results in a high incidence of incompliance and ineffective therapy for this reason the development of oral dispersible tablets (ODT) or rapidly disintegrating tablets (RDT) have recently interested not only the pharmaceutical industry, but also academia. In order to solve this problem, the development of solid dosage form that disintegrates rapidly or dissolves even when taken orally without the aid of water are being formulated. These dosage forms are known as oral dispersible tablets.The solid ODT dosage form turns into a soft paste or liquid form for easy swallowing, and thus it is free of suffocation risk. Dispersible tablet undergo disaggregation in the mouth when in contact with the saliva in less than 60 seconds, preferably in less than 40 seconds, forming a suspension which is easy to swallow. The drug Cinnarzine was selected because it is antihistaminic category drug and used in the treatment of motion sickness for that fast action is required and that can be fulfilled by ODT