The unique and award-winning Unofficial Guides series is a collaboration between senior students, junior doctors and specialty experts. This combination of contributors understands what is essential to excel on your course, in exams and in practice - as well as the importance of presenting information in a clear, fun and engaging way. Packed with hints and tips from those in the know, when you are in a hurry and need a study companion you can trust, reach for an Unofficial Guide. This guide has everything you need in one place - including common questions, model answers, how to present your answers to examiners, and numerous practical tips for success - all written by doctors and students who have recently completed the exam process. Ideal for OSCE candidates wanting to blitz their exams, this book will also make a useful day-to-day reference guide for professionals. Over 100 common scenarios - including medical history taking, clinical examination, practical skills and communication skills Covers specialities including orthopaedics, paediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, prescribing, O&G, ophthalmology, ENT Over 300 full colour clinical photos to bring the text to life, including images of patients with disease features Clearly outlines how to relay the assessment of a patient to an examiner or to other doctors on a ward round Model answers to key OSCE questions Written and reviewed by doctors and senior medical students - essential guidance from those in the know New data interpretation chapter New dedicated ophthalmology chapter

'Today's questions regarding foreign aid centre around aid allocation dynamics, the impact on trade and growth for receivers as well as donors, and, quite frequently, on aid effectiveness. The inter-relationship between aid and politics are also topics of high interest. These are precisely the issues that the Handbook edited by B. Mak Arvin and Byron Lew deals with. In more than 30 contributions, some highly renowned development scholars use the theoretical state of the art combined with empirically based econometric approaches to analyse various issues in the foreign aid field. It is a great pleasure for science-oriented readers to find a wealth of findings derived from hard data and rigorous analytical methods. The book is an excellent contribution to the current foreign aid discussion.' - Siegfried Schoenherr, Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Germany 'A title like Handbook on the Economics of Foreign Aid is ambitious; it promises coverage of literature that spans from theory to empirics, from macro to micro levels of analysis, from positive to normative economics. This Handbook fulfills this ambition 100 percent. It will be the single place that people will go to get a state-of-the-art survey of a particular issue. Some chapters are written by established experts in the area, others by newcomers that bring a fresh view on the issues involved. All in all, a book that future researchers in foreign aid must consult.' - Pascalis Raimondos, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark It would be fair to say that foreign aid today is one of the most important factors in international relations and in the national economy of many countries - as well as one of the most researched fields in economics. Although much has been written on the subject of foreign aid, this book contributes by taking stock of knowledge in the field, with chapters summarizing long-standing debates as well as the latest advances. Several contributions provide new analytical insights or empirical evidence on different aspects of aid, including how aid may be linked to trade and the motives for aid giving. As a whole, the book demonstrates how researchers have dealt with increasingly complex issues over time - both theoretical and empirical - on the allocation, impact, and efficacy of aid, with aid policies placed at the center of the discussion. In addition to students, academics, researchers, and policymakers involved in development economics and foreign aid, this Handbook will appeal to all those interested in development issues and international policies. Contributors: E. Aguayo, E. Alvi, B.M. Arvin, S.A. Asongu, E. Bland, C. Boussalis, J. Brambila-Macias, S. Brown, R. Calleja, L. Chauvet, A. Das, H. Doucouliagos, V.Z. Eichenauer, G.S. Epstein, P. Exposito, S. Feeny, D. Fielding, I.N. Gang, F. Gibson, R. Gounder, P. Guillaumont, M.-C. Guisan, N. Hermes, P. Huhne, A.L. Islam, A. Isopi, S. Kablan, C. Kilby, A. Kumar, S. Lahiri, R. Lensink, B. Lew, I. Martinez-Zarzoso, I. Massa, G. Mavrotas, M. McGillivray, B. Meyer, K. Michaelowa, O. Morrissey, D. Mukherjee, P. Nunnenkamp, M. Paldam, C. Peiffer, R. Pradhan, M.G. Quibria, B. Reinsberg, D. Rowlands, M. Salois, J. Serieux, D. Sogge, S. Torrance, S. Tezanos Vazquez, L. Wagner

The unique and award-winning Unofficial Guides series is a collaboration between senior students, junior doctors and specialty experts. This combination of contributors understands what is essential to excel on your course, in exams and in practice - as well as the importance of presenting information in a clear, fun and engaging way. Packed with hints and tips from those in the know, when you are in a hurry and need a study companion you can trust, reach for an Unofficial Guide. Designed for medical students, nurses, junior doctors and other healthcare professionals, The Unofficial Guide to Practical Skills contains step-by-step guidance to over 50 core practical procedures. Information is easy to follow and procedures are explained clearly - along with expert practical tips. This book covers the essential skills you'll need throughout your course and for the OSCEs. It also provides a succinct, day-to-day reference for those in practice. Wide range of procedures covered - more than any other book of its kind Accompanying mark schemes and typical exam questions to simulate real-life assessment Fully illustrated with over 200 color photos/illustrations Model answers so you can check how well you are performing Content aligned to the latest GMC/MLA requirements Additional stations covering lateral flow tests, PPE, using a hospital bed Standardisation of different scenarios New COVID guidance More answers to examiner questions in each scenario

The generation and use of data in society has seen exponential growth in recent years. The emergent field of data science, concerned with understanding and analyzing this data, can be applied to applications spanning from healthcare and urban planning to smart household devices. The legal questions which accompany the rise of these technologies, however, remains underexplored. Breaking new ground this Research Handbook maps the legal implications of the emergence of data science. Drawing on comparative perspectives, this Research Handbook approaches the subject from different legal domains, considering the possibilities and limitations of the current legal framework. Reflecting on whether further regulation is needed to address the ethical and legal problems raised by data science, the contributors examine how the practice is, and should be, regulated and how it influences the law, judiciary, and legal research. The book makes a vital contribution to the emerging field of data science and law as a discipline, and covers data science methodologies and tools essential for both legal practice and scholarship. The Research Handbook in Data Science and Law will be an important resource for students interested in data and technology law, as well as for legal scholars and practitioners in the field. Data scientists seeking an introduction to the law surrounding the field will also find this Research Handbook invaluable. Contributors include: A. Berlee, C. Busch, A. Carlson, M.O. Cuevas, B. Custers, A. Daly, A. De Franceschi, W. Kaufmann, A. Klop, S. Kreifels, K.M. Kryla-Cudna, A.J.F. Lafarre, V. Mak, M. Mattioli, R. Nurullaev, R. Podszun, M.G. Porcedda, C. Prins, S. Ranchordas, R. Russo, K.K.E.C.T. Swinnen, P. Szulewski, E.T.T. Tai, H. U

This book describes how one can use The Scientific Method to solve everyday problems including medical ailments, health issues, money management, traveling, shopping, cooking, household chores, etc. It illustrates how to exploit the information collected from our five senses, how to solve problems when no information is available for the present problem situation, how to increase our chances of success by redefining a problem, and how to extrapolate our capabilities by seeing a relationship among heretofore unrelated concepts.One should formulate a hypothesis as early as possible in order to have a sense of direction regarding which path to follow. Occasionally, by making wild conjectures, creative solutions can transpire. However, hypotheses need to be well-tested. Through this way, The Scientific Method can help readers solve problems in both familiar and unfamiliar situations. Containing real-life examples of how various problems are solved - for instance, how some observant patients cure their own illnesses when medical experts have failed - this book will train readers to observe what others may have missed and conceive what others may not have contemplated. With practice, they will be able to solve more problems than they could previously imagine.

This book addresses the prediction and control of noise and vibration in ventilation systems and their psychoacoustic effects on people. The content is based on the authors’ research and lecture material on building acoustics and provides insights into the development of prediction methods and control of noise and vibration from ventilation systems, and an assessment of their psychological effects on people. The basic principles and methods for prediction and control of noise and vibration from ventilation systems are discussed, including the latest developments on flow-generated noise prediction, assessment methods for the performance of vibration isolation, noise control using periodic Helmholtz Resonators, and holistic psychoacoustic assessment of noise from ventilation systems. The insightful book on noise and vibration in ventilation systems Extends into prediction, control, and psychoacoustic assessment methods The book suits graduate students and engineers in acoustics and noise and vibration control, as well as in building services engineering and across the built environment.

The current warming of the Earth is leading to important social questions being raised: How warm will the Earth become and when? What effect will it have on human life? Should we try to slow down these trends? If so, how do we do this while balancing the economic needs of society? Global Climate Change and Human Life attempts to answer some of these questions, providing facts and theories that will help the reader formulate rational opinions and gain a new way to think about the complexities of the subject and the future of the global environment and climate. Divided into three parts, this book covers the composition of the atmosphere, the workings of the earth's climate and how the changing global climate will affect the environment and how that will affect human life. Featuring numerous questions and exercises and worked examples throughout the text, this book is intended for undergraduate students taking courses in global climate change. Based on a course that the author has given to students from a number of subject disciplines the book will appeal to all needing a well-written, unified introduction to the subject.

This book is a pioneering attempt to explore the relationships between technology and the humanities through case studies and specific contexts in the areas of language, theatre, literature, translation, philosophy, music, home designations, learning environment, and artificial intelligence. Written by scholars and specialists across various fields, the chapters explore the emerging field of techno-humanities. This book examines the development of language and society by means of Big Data, how technology is integrated into the theatres of Hong Kong and the ensuing results of such integration. The authors also highlight how technology is able to analyse, understand, and visualise literary works, and bring drastic changes to translation in the past seven decades. Long standing philosophical issues are re-examined, linkages between technology and theoretical concepts are illuminated, and the emotional aspects of computational applications are investigated. This book also delves into insightful case studies such as providing suggestions to train novice translators through corpus-assisted translation teaching, analysing patterns of housing names, and discovering a new online method to acknowledge acquisition through authentic learning experiences. Overall, this book serves as a point of departure for us to go deeper into the role of technology in transforming the humanities in this digital age. A useful read for students and scholars interested in learning more about the cross section between humanities and technology.

The unique and award-winning Unofficial Guides series is a collaboration between senior students, junior doctors and specialty experts. This combination of contributors understands what is essential to excel on your course, in exams and in practice - as well as the importance of presenting information in a clear, fun and engaging way. Packed with hints and tips from those in the know, when you are in a hurry and need a study companion you can trust, reach for an Unofficial Guide. Candidate Briefings, Patient Briefings and Mark Schemes allows you to role play a real life OSCE exam. It walks you through each station you will encounter- complete with a briefing for the actor playing the patient, a briefing for the student, and a mark scheme and questions to ask for the examiner. Ideal for OSCE candidates as a clear, compact revision guide, this book will also make a useful day-to-day reference guide for professionals. Companion to The Unofficial Guide to Passing OSCEs 4e Provides a step-by-step, practical guide to all OSCE exams and revision Practice examples of examiner questions, with model answers, to minimise the risk of surprises on the day Written and reviewed by doctors and senior medical students - practical guidance from those in the know Facilitates practice in groups of 2-3 as if going through the real exam References COVID regulations for exams New matched stations around data interpretation and ophthalmology Multiple answers to examiner questions in each scenario

An adolescent girl is mocked when she takes a bath with her peers, because her genitals look like those of a boy. A couple visits a doctor asking to "create more space" in the woman for intercourse. A doctor finds testicular tissue in a woman with appendicitis, and decides to keep his findings quiet. These are just a few of the three hundred European case histories of people whose sex was doubted during the long nineteenth century that Geertje Mak draws upon in her remarkable new book.How did people deal with such situations? How did they decide to which sex a person should belong? This groundbreaking analysis of clinical case histories shows how sex changed from an outward appearance inscribed in a social body to something to be found deep inside body and self. A fascinating, easy to follow, yet sophisticated argument addressing major issues of the history of body, sex, and self, this volume will fit advanced undergraduate courses, while challenging specialists.

An adolescent girl is mocked when she takes a bath with her peers, because her genitals look like those of a boy. A couple visits a doctor asking to 'create more space' in the woman for intercourse. A doctor finds testicular tissue in a woman with appendicitis, and decides to keep his findings quiet. These are just a few of the three hundred European case histories of people whose sex was doubted during the long nineteenth century that Geertje Mak draws upon in her remarkable new book. Doubting sex offers a refreshingly new perspective on the relation between physical sex and identity over the long nineteenth century. Rather than taking sex, sexuality, and gender identity as a starting point for discussing their mutual relations, it historicizes these very categories. Based on a wealth of previously unused source material, the book asks how sex was doubted in practice - whether by lay people, by hermaphrodites themselves, or by physicians; how this doubt was dealt with; what tacit logics directed the practices by which a person was assigned a sex, and how these logics changed over time. Mak highlights three different rationales behind practices of doubting and (re)assigning sex: inscription, body and self. Sex as inscription refers to a lifelong inscription of a person in the social body as male or female, marked by the person's appearance. This logic made way for logics in which the truth of inner anatomy and inner self were more significant.

This book describes how one can use The Scientific Method to solve everyday problems including medical ailments, health issues, money management, traveling, shopping, cooking, household chores, etc. It illustrates how to exploit the information collected from our five senses, how to solve problems when no information is available for the present problem situation, how to increase our chances of success by redefining a problem, and how to extrapolate our capabilities by seeing a relationship among heretofore unrelated concepts.One should formulate a hypothesis as early as possible in order to have a sense of direction regarding which path to follow. Occasionally, by making wild conjectures, creative solutions can transpire. However, hypotheses need to be well-tested. Through this way, The Scientific Method can help readers solve problems in both familiar and unfamiliar situations. Containing real-life examples of how various problems are solved - for instance, how some observant patients cure their own illnesses when medical experts have failed - this book will train readers to observe what others may have missed and conceive what others may not have contemplated. With practice, they will be able to solve more problems than they could previously imagine.In this second edition, the authors have added some more theories which they hope can help in solving everyday problems. At the same time, they have updated the book by including quite a few examples which they think are interesting.

This book describes how one can use The Scientific Method to solve everyday problems including medical ailments, health issues, money management, traveling, shopping, cooking, household chores, etc. It illustrates how to exploit the information collected from our five senses, how to solve problems when no information is available for the present problem situation, how to increase our chances of success by redefining a problem, and how to extrapolate our capabilities by seeing a relationship among heretofore unrelated concepts.One should formulate a hypothesis as early as possible in order to have a sense of direction regarding which path to follow. Occasionally, by making wild conjectures, creative solutions can transpire. However, hypotheses need to be well-tested. Through this way, The Scientific Method can help readers solve problems in both familiar and unfamiliar situations. Containing real-life examples of how various problems are solved - for instance, how some observant patients cure their own illnesses when medical experts have failed - this book will train readers to observe what others may have missed and conceive what others may not have contemplated. With practice, they will be able to solve more problems than they could previously imagine.In this second edition, the authors have added some more theories which they hope can help in solving everyday problems. At the same time, they have updated the book by including quite a few examples which they think are interesting.

This book is about the use of language in the science classroom. It discusses the evolution of scientific discourse for learning in secondary schools, and examines the form and function of language across a variety of levels including lexiogrammar, discourse semantics, register, genre and ideology. Special attention is paid to how this knowledge is imparted. It will be of particular interest to educators involved with linguistics and/or science curriculum and teachers of English for special and academic purposes.; It is aimed at teachers of undergraduates in science and literacy, linguists teaching in English for special and academic purposes and students in higher education with an interest in science and literacy.

Sudden death is an uncommon condition. But when it occurs, especially in a young person, the acute loss can generate a substantial amount of grief with a great sense of disbelief. This mysterious and dreadful condition instils much fear and anxiety into the living, and more specifically for family members and friends. Understandably, the apprehension is brought about by the unexpectedness of the event and uncertainty of the consequences. The feeling of uneasiness is largely attributed to the lack of information regarding this condition. However in recent years, several causes of sudden death have been clarified. Treatment modalities have improved and reduced the occurrence of dying suddenly.This book is meant for anyone who wants to know more about sudden death. It aims to diminish its terror by explaining the various conditions that predispose individuals to sudden death and ways which may prevent it from occurring.

Cohesion in English is concerned with a relatively neglected part of the linguistic system: its resources for text construction, the range of meanings that are speciffically associated with relating what is being spoken or written to its semantic environment. A principal component of these resources is 'cohesion'. This book studies the cohesion that arises from semantic relations between sentences. Reference from one to the other, repetition of word meanings, the conjunctive force of but, so, then and the like are considered. Further, it describes a method for analysing and coding sentences, which is applied to specimen texts.

Fully updated and revised, this fourth edition of Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar explains the principles of systemic functional grammar, enabling the reader to understand and apply them in any context. Halliday's innovative approach of engaging with grammar through discourse has become a worldwide phenomenon in linguistics. Updates to the new edition include: Recent uses of systemic functional linguistics to provide further guidance for students, scholars and researchers More on the ecology of grammar, illustrating how each major system serves to realise a semantic system A systematic indexing and classification of examples More from corpora, thus allowing for easy access to data Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar, Fourth Edition, is the standard reference text for systemic functional linguistics and an ideal introduction for students and scholars interested in the relation between grammar, meaning and discourse.

In a component-based approach for system design, one of the challenging problems is the way to prove the correctness of the created components. Usually, the constituent components are supposed to be correct - possessing the desirable properties and free from undesirable ones. However, the operators may destroy these properties or create new ones, resulting in an undesirable new component. Hence, every created component has to go through a new process of verification, involving a tremendous amount of effort.This book presents a component -based methodology for the creation and verification of design specifications. The methodology is formally presented as an algebra called Property-Preserving Petri Net Process Algebra (PPPA). PPPA includes five classes of operators, and the authors show that every operator of PPPA can preserve a large number of basic system properties. Therefore, if the initial set of primitive components satisfies some of these properties, the created components will also "automatically" satisfy them without the need for further verification - thus greatly saving verification efforts.

Contracts are illegal not only when they contravene specific legal rules, but also when they are considered immoral or contrary to public policy. In this way rules of contract law also influence the exceptional and sometimes fragile relationship between law and morality. They determine which issues can be made the subject of a legally valid and enforceable agreement according to the values underlying the legal order to which they pertain. But despite their geographic proximity, shared history and common aim of a strong EU internal market there are remarkable differences in the underlying values of many European legal systems. This book brings together a group of well renowned contract lawyers that analyse how their own legal systems deal with 12 interesting cases of morally dubious agreements, including for example suretyships, conditional contracts of succession, nuptial agreements, surrogacy agreements, contracts for sex work and, of course, usurious contracts. All inspired by real litigations adjudicated by courts and covering the questions of validity and enforceability, as well as the availability of remedies. To give a comprehensive picture of immoral contracts across Europe, the national perspectives are complemented by chapters providing historical insights as well as an EU perspective. Throughout the book comprehensive analysis of the findings offers crucial insights into divergences and convergences and the decisive factors driving European thinking.

Transmitting the Ideal of Enlightenment is a collection of articles that shed light on different aspects of university education in China since the late nineteenth century and address how far the ideal of modern university education, which has gradually been developed in the West since the age of European Enlightenment, was adopted or creatively transformed by Chinese universities. In addition to examining the influence of Western universities' visions, curricula, institutions and experiences on Chinese higher education, this volume attempts to show the degree of success achieved by Chinese universities in delivering the goals of personal emancipation, broad-based education, freedom of teaching and learning, academic professionalism, etc. that their Western counterparts had endeavored to attain in the last centuries.

Transmitting the Ideal of Enlightenment is a collection of articles that shed light on different aspects of university education in China since the late nineteenth century and address how far the ideal of modern university education, which has gradually been developed in the West since the age of European Enlightenment, was adopted or creatively transformed by Chinese universities. In addition to examining the influence of Western universities' visions, curricula, institutions and experiences on Chinese higher education, this volume attempts to show the degree of success achieved by Chinese universities in delivering the goals of personal emancipation, broad-based education, freedom of teaching and learning, academic professionalism, etc. that their Western counterparts had endeavored to attain in the last centuries.

'Today's questions regarding foreign aid centre around aid allocation dynamics, the impact on trade and growth for receivers as well as donors, and, quite frequently, on aid effectiveness. The inter-relationship between aid and politics are also topics of high interest. These are precisely the issues that the Handbook edited by B. Mak Arvin and Byron Lew deals with. In more than 30 contributions, some highly renowned development scholars use the theoretical state of the art combined with empirically based econometric approaches to analyse various issues in the foreign aid field. It is a great pleasure for science-oriented readers to find a wealth of findings derived from hard data and rigorous analytical methods. The book is an excellent contribution to the current foreign aid discussion.' - Siegfried Schoenherr, Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Germany 'A title like Handbook on the Economics of Foreign Aid is ambitious; it promises coverage of literature that spans from theory to empirics, from macro to micro levels of analysis, from positive to normative economics. This Handbook fulfills this ambition 100 percent. It will be the single place that people will go to get a state-of-the-art survey of a particular issue. Some chapters are written by established experts in the area, others by newcomers that bring a fresh view on the issues involved. All in all, a book that future researchers in foreign aid must consult.' - Pascalis Raimondos, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark It would be fair to say that foreign aid today is one of the most important factors in international relations and in the national economy of many countries - as well as one of the most researched fields in economics. Although much has been written on the subject of foreign aid, this book contributes by taking stock of knowledge in the field, with chapters summarizing long-standing debates as well as the latest advances. Several contributions provide new analytical insights or empirical evidence on different aspects of aid, including how aid may be linked to trade and the motives for aid giving. As a whole, the book demonstrates how researchers have dealt with increasingly complex issues over time - both theoretical and empirical - on the allocation, impact, and efficacy of aid, with aid policies placed at the center of the discussion. In addition to students, academics, researchers, and policymakers involved in development economics and foreign aid, this Handbook will appeal to all those interested in development issues and international policies. Contributors: E. Aguayo, E. Alvi, B.M. Arvin, S.A. Asongu, E. Bland, C. Boussalis, J. Brambila-Macias, S. Brown, R. Calleja, L. Chauvet, A. Das, H. Doucouliagos, V.Z. Eichenauer, G.S. Epstein, P. Exposito, S. Feeny, D. Fielding, I.N. Gang, F. Gibson, R. Gounder, P. Guillaumont, M.-C. Guisan, N. Hermes, P. Huhne, A.L. Islam, A. Isopi, S. Kablan, C. Kilby, A. Kumar, S. Lahiri, R. Lensink, B. Lew, I. Martinez-Zarzoso, I. Massa, G. Mavrotas, M. McGillivray, B. Meyer, K. Michaelowa, O. Morrissey, D. Mukherjee, P. Nunnenkamp, M. Paldam, C. Peiffer, R. Pradhan, M.G. Quibria, B. Reinsberg, D. Rowlands, M. Salois, J. Serieux, D. Sogge, S. Torrance, S. Tezanos Vazquez, L. Wagner

This reissue (1996) examines four interrelated aspects of schooling for women in ten Asian countries: the development experience of a country and how it affects education and women's status; the types of educational opportunities available to women; if the greater exposure to education results in greater participation in the public sphere; the impact of education and economic participation on women's domestic status.

China Reconstructs includes ten articles that investigate the reconstruction of modern China and provide different dimensions to the vibrant and multifaceted history of the country. The book discusses how prominent individuals, political parties, and ordinary people alike looked for ways to "reconstruct China" in a period of great political upheavals.