Automotive Relay Circuit Guide (Includes circuit explanations, how current flows and how to wire relays from the ground up.) By Mandy Concepcion This book is a comprehensive work on automotive relays and their circuit analysis. The book is also a companion to our Video-DVD series of the same title. Here, we analyze how automotive relays are connected with their peripheral components. Each section starts with the specifics of the components used in that circuit and then there's a deep analysis of how current flows on the circuit. The idea is to first explain and give the reader the particulars of each circuit, then go deeper and analyze why the circuit behaves the way it does, how to diagnose it and how to connect it in case the whole wiring is missing, obsolete or simply was never present to begin with. Table of Contents .How to wire relay as ON button - Explains how to connect an automotive relay to stay ON at all times. Useful for any device that stays ON and using a low current trigger switch. .Turn ON relay button diode - Details the use of a Diode as an ON circuit. The diode itself is the key to it all. .How to make a relay injector security circuit - This is a clever circuit for deactivating your vehicle's fuel injectors as a security measure. It's simple and concealed. .How to wire a relay starter kill-switch - Disabling the starter is fairly simple, but this circuit also employs other tactics to make it more effective. .How to do a single relay car alarm - Shows how to wire a relay as an easy to connect car alarm. It'll show you a cost effective way to secure your car. .How to connect a power relay - Gives you extensive input for connecting an automotive relay as a power unit or to drive almost any kind of device. .How to wire a cooling fan relay - Useful in retrofitting an older systems to work with electric cooling fans and to replace an out of production fan with a universal unit. .How to connect a fuel pump relay - There are many instances where the fuel pump has gone bad an no replacement is available. Learn how this circuit works and how to wire the fuel pump. .How to do an alternator relay failure circuit - A very clever circuit used as a warning to the driver when an impending alternator issue is at hand. .How to wire relay power door lock - Power door locks have been around for many years. This section shows you how the circuit works, how to connect it, retrofitting to an older car and how to repair the systems in case of failure. .How to wire a power windows relay - Resistive rest at ground or any other wiring scheme is foreign to many people. Learn how it works right here in this article. .How to make a relay turn signal - Learn how to wire an entire high class turn signal system, found on luxury makes. Useful for retrofitting your own vehicle in case parts are no longer available. .How to wire an AC compressor clutch relay - A very reliable circuit is presented here to bow help you understand an AC systems as well as teaches you to retrofit older cars. .How to connect a headlight warning relay - Knowing when the headlights are down is essential. This circuit will show you how the circuit works and how to build it. .How to wire an ECM relay - The ECM relay meets all power requirements for the car computer. Learn how the circuit works and how to connect it. .How to wire AC blower motor relay - Get the details on connecting an AC blower motor and how to re-wire a new one if needed. .How to wire relay fog lights - Fog lights are necessary in many areas. Most vehicles have no fog-lights and this circuit is geared towards explaining how they work and install them.

Stories from the Road 6 (A Narrative About Modern Automotive Diagnostics An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of contents Stories from the Road 6 - Content * - Looking into an Escalade's Mind A Cadillac Escalade with a strange IAC code. Well it's the IAC inside the MAF sensor. Follow this diagnostic path into the inner depths of automotive diagnostics, from scan tool PID analysis and beyond. See what happened... * - Mysteriously Revving Lincoln LS The electronic throttle control system or drive-by-wire accelerator control is now here to stay. See a complete diagnostic path for this cableless throttle control system. Follow this case from using the scanner on PID analysis, the oscilloscope and then analyzing signal waveforms. Learn from this case... * - Monte Carlo's Nervous Meltdown A vehicle with loss of power, engine stalling and erratic idle surge is exactly what was happening to this Chevy. Was it the MAF sensor, TPS or some other component causing the issue? Was it an idle issue or also seen at higher RPMs? See the entire diagnostic path and also using an array of auto diagnostic equipment. Find out what happened next... * - Nissan Altima's Cross Identity Crisis That's right, a Nissan with what you could call double personality. See how an ingenuous auto repair and diagnostic path was used to get to the issue. Shown with dedicated diagrams and animations to prove the case and present the case to you. Also get the scoop on using the Fox and Hound for electrical diagnostics. * - Nissan Maxima's Burning Bush A surging idle speed issue with a difficult to detect origin. After replacing various parts, the shop ran out of options and called in the expert. See hoe this popular stepper-motor component was inoperable and the diagnostic path to repair. Follow this case from a simple scan to deep ECM diagnostics using various equipment. * - Nissan that Wouldn't Cool Down Yes, a hot Nissan, but to the engine, the climate control system. That's right, this A/C compressor did not want to turn ON, no matter what and it was fully computerized. The auto diagnostic path was not as easy as one would think. In fact this issue proved a high tech diagnostic and tough to detect. see what happened... * - Noisy Neighbor An erratic engine on a Ford Explorer where the TPS and ECM had already been replaced. What could it be? See the whole auto repair path and learn to interpret scan PID graphs, scope waveforms and analyze wiring issue. Get the whole story here... * - BONUS - The AFR or air fuel ratio sensor circuit The newer wide band or A F R O2 sensor solves the narrow sensing problem of the previous Zirconium sensors. These sensors are often called by different names. Learn how they work and how to test them.

This book, of which there's also a companion DVD by the same title, makes for an extensive work on what BMW has done in late model cars. Various new technologies are covered here. All the technical explanations are done using the latest in CG animation to show the concepts, inner workings and operation. It is a must see for anyone interested in auto repair, automotive instructors, technicians or simply DIY aficionados. Table of Contents * BMW Multi-Butterfly Throttle Control * BMW 8 Cylinder Engine * BMW Gasoline Direct Injection * BMW Flex Ray Module Communication * BMW X-Drive Servo-Motor Operation * BMW X-Drive Electrical Operation * BMW X-Drive 4X4 System * BMW Injector Cut Off Circuit * BMW (DME) Digital Motor Electronics * BMW (EPS) Electric Power Steering * BMW VANOS Valve CAM timing * BMW VANOS Replacement * BMW Valvetronic Variable Valve Lift * BMW Air Vent Control * BMW Electro-mechanical Parking Brakes * BMW High Precision Direct Injection * Automotive PDK Style Dual Clutch Transmissions The technology that BMW employs makes for a durable and exceptional driving experience. These systems also trickle down to other manufacturers and both end up at either your local repair shop or your own home garage in need of repairs. At the very least as a consumer, this video and companion book, will make you much more a connoisseur of these complex technologies.

This book, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of contents Stories from the Road 9 - Content * - The PTC Learning Curve What's a PTC? Found on Dodge vehicles, it is here to stay and can through a diagnostic out of bounce. This vehicle would start then stall and afterwards it would not start again until some time had passed. The ECM was replaced, but nothing worked. See what this case diagnostic can tech you. * - The Sputtering Malibu A Chevy with a drivability complaint and a misfire code that was hard to diagnose. See how this diagnostic developed from using a Tech-2 factory scanner to the logical path that made the tech repair the issue. * - The Tachometer Coil Affair A no-spark condition on a Dodge, but what does that have to do with a tachometer? Ignition and coil assemblies were replaced, but the issue remained. See how it all worked out from dedicated CG video diagrams to expose the issue. Also get a grip on using the graphing multi-meter to solve this repair case. * - Toyota it Wasn't Me Injector A great engine swap gone bad. What appeared to be a good running engine all of a sudden when buzzers. See how this diagnostic was approached and what the ECM was seeing using various tools. See how thing got crazy and took the case in the wrong direction. * - Toyota's Ignition Octopus Misfire issues on today's crowded engines are time consuming. See how "The Octopus" or a special tool used for ignition diagnostic was employed and how diagnostic time was reduced to a minimum by this tool usage. * - Trans-Am Rocker Poker Issue A Trans-Am having a misfire issue and the shop replaced parts galore. The shop went through all the diagnostic channels like compression, electrical test, but thing worked. A powerful tool was employed here from the tech's arsenal of tools. See how it was used to check ignition and solve the final issue. * - VW Golf on the Rough This VW ran fine for miles, but then would start to run rough. The ECM, Hall-Effect and O2 sensor was replaced, but to no avail. This diagnostic was started by monitoring the most vital signals for starting. See how a chain of events unfolded to correct this issue. * - Who Quit First A Ford with a complaint of hesitation upon acceleration. The venerable complete tune-up was performed. This series video runs you through a complete analysis on ignition system waveform interpretation. It also explain other concepts highly desirable in today's vehicle diagnostic. * - Zapping the Air Control Signal A Chevy Camaro with absolutely no codes and an idle control issue. Learn how the IAC Counts were used during diagnostics. To top it all off, this issue was intermittent. Get a big scoop on scanner PID interpretation and how to use the data-stream to find vehicle issues. See how it all developed.

Stories from the Road 4 (A Narrative About Modern Automotive Diagnostics An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book, "Stories from the Road 4" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of contents Stories from the Road 4 * - Corvette with a U Problem Diagnostic case that cover the intricacies of networked diagnostics. Here's what happens when there's an issue with a multi-module Corvette computer system, which generates the venerable U type DTC or trouble codes. * - Ford's E150 Burning Down the House Get the diagnostic strategy employed with this Ford Van and a possible transmission issue. The case also goes into details on the use of multi-channel scopes to detect problems. After a tough diagnostic path the problem is finally found in the least expected place. See where. * - GM B2960 Antitheft Syndrome Learn from the diagnostic path this GMC Trailblazer took us on, especially during the detection process on an antitheft system and a no-start condition. Get tips and secrets on this GM system and see how to go about diagnosing it. * - GM Passlock Issue from Hell The "Security Light" is on. What do you do then? Here's what happened with a GMC Van and the Sec-light on with a no-start condition. Code P1632, an antitheft code was just the beginning. The diagnostic goes into PassLock calibration detection and lot of other diagnostic practices for this system. * - Great Diagnostic Waterfall That's right, a waterfall of procedures and equipment for this 2007 Jeep. See an arsenal of equipment used up during this erratic engine operation diagnostic. Multiple equipments were used to find out a waterfall chain of events that caused this strange issue. * - Headlight Transmission Shifter A very strange problem with a Ford Focus having a headlight transmission shifting issue, yeah that's right. Was this a crossed wire issue or was it the ECM seeing something strange. Here, you'll see heavy use of the oscilloscope and some fancy logic. * - Hello There GM Power Windows A difficult diagnostic issue on a GM power window system. The trouble was that this was no ordinary power window. It was a heavily computerized and networked power window system, like the ones found on all new models. See the how a manufacturer component option made this system fail. * - BONUS...How to Connect a Fuel Pump Relay Derived from our series "Automotive Relays Connection Guide," this section is a primer on how the Fuel-Pump relay is wired. It serves as a guide and a possible way is repairing older vehicles, whom have lost their fuel delivery system. In many cases, the part is no longer available so here you'll gain some knowledge on how to connect the fuel pump.

This book, Automotive Variable Valve Timing & Lift Explained of which there's also a companion DVD by the same title, is a one and only up to date work that covers automotive electronic variable valve timing and lift. The way things are shaping up, car makers are doing away with the throttle butterfly valve and relying on valve lift to accelerate the engine. Yes, no more throttle in the near future. This technology has matured and is here. Almost all car manufacturers are using some form of variable valve lift. Variable valve timing on the other hand is an even older technology and present on almost all cars today. This book and companion DVD-Video goes deep into the operation of both, variable valve lift and timing. It explains the principles according to each manufacturer. This is one area of technology where it really pays to know the system and the system changes drastically depending on the vehicle's brand name. Various systems such as Mercedes-Benz Camtronic, BMW Valvetronic, Variocam, Ford CTA, Toyota Neo VVL, Honda V-Tec and many others are covered. This is by far, the most complete book of its kind for this particular technology. It'll give you the knowledge needed to understand these systems. So enjoy and learn... Table of Contents .Engine Camshaft Timing Synchronization .Timing Marks Alignment .Hydraulic Valve Lifter .Variable CAM Timing .Toyota VVT-iE Variable Valve Timing .VTEC Honda Valve Lift Operation .VTEC Pressure Switch .Honda VTEC Solenoid Testing .BMW VANOS or Variable Valve Timing .Double VANOS .BMW VVT Vanos Repair .BMW Valvetronic Electronic Valve Lift .FORD Ti VCT .FORD CTA Torque Valve Timing .Dodge VVT Valve Timing. .Nissan NEO VVL Valve Timing. .Porsche Variocam Plus Valve Timing. .Toyota Valvematic Valve Timing. .Mercedes-Benz Camtronic Valve Timing.

Stories from the Road 5 (A Narrative About Modern Automotive Diagnostics An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies 1" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of contents Stories from the Road 5 * - Honda's Clogged Nostrils Honda, one of the most trusted brands, also has recurring issues with "Clogged Nostrils." Yes, you heard right, this is a pesky issue that causes misfires and performance problems on Hondas with 4-cylinder engines. See how to solve this issue here. * - Injector Noid for Void See why this Volvo would start, but then shut down after a while. Learn the use of NOID lights and issues with injected engines. Follow the current from the ECM to the actual components. Then use the current AMP probe to continue the flow of diagnostic. This little video is packed with goodies. * - Intermittently Voyager on Hall-Effect An engine stalling at times on a Dodge Voyager. Wow, this is the proverbial intermittent issue. Get the scoop on a complete diagnostic path from the scanner, to the scope, to following the specific wiring diagram to the final cause. * - It's All About Synchronicity Yeas, that's right synchronicity of the CAM and CRK sensors. This issue is very common and causes lack of power and damage to the engine. Follow this case from the Fuel-Trims to the signals in question. Live and learn with this video. * - KIA ABS to the Max A seemingly easy problem to diagnose on an ABS system with an issue at higher speed turned our not so easy. Learn from this diagnostic path from scan tool to scoping the signals in question. It is not always as easy as it seems. * - Lean Mean Tahoe Machine The P0171 and P0172 DTC or codes are the most common on today's systems and often difficult to diagnose. Learn how the specific PIDs like mass air flow or MAF and other sensor data was used during diagnostic. Then use a smoke machine and a scan tool to prove what happened. * - Light Loader Blazer with Issues Well, yes this vehicle had issues alright; from misfires to performance issues on loaded conditions. Learn the intricacies of reading and analyzing ignition waveforms. Also get a lead on CAM timing issues and how to diagnose that particular fault. See what happened.

Automotive Structural Analysis goes into details on how to repair today's chassis, using the frame-bender, spot welding, MIG and TIG welding, Arc Welding and Oxygen Acetylene welding. A section devoted to heavy equipment chassis repair and robotic welders. Covered are also metal fabrication, tools needed for metal fabricators, and a highly visual detailed (photos) guide is given. Another part of the book shows the details of windshield glass repair. Chassis or frame benders are also covered in details, hydraulic frame pullers, mobile frame pullers, portable frame machines, using attachments, basis chassis bending techniques, squaring using a ruler, and advanced chassis bending techniques. A rear section on chassis straightening is offered. Then some insight is given on sanding, priming and painting in preparation for the other books. This book prepares you for the ASE EXAM.

The beginnings of this book came about from the development of various different products, including the Scan-1 Scan-Tool Diagnostic System and the OBD-2 secret weapon diagnostic software by the same author. After development a large amount of information had been accumulated and it was then decided to put it on a book series. All DTCs we acquired from a large bank of ECMs converted to test the development of the Scan-1. As a result, the backward engineering of the DTCs was possible and allowed us to compile the largest selection of factory codes (DTCs) on record. All DTC definitions in this book series are the result of such development. Coincidentally from our OBD-2 secret weapon software, we derived the technology to develop easy to understand flowcharts. Although these products did not have flowcharts, the program algorithm or logic allowed us to convert into flowcharts fairly quick. Our flowcharts were developed by our team from our software and equipment technology. You won't find these flowcharts, which often tend to be useless from manufacturer data, anywhere else. Here we present an easy and fast way to tackle electronic diagnostic and repair issues, which apply to both the DIY and professional technician as well. Our book series cover Domestic, Asian and European makes and it is by far the most complete in way of information. This book series can be used for training as well as during repair work. Enjoy... IMPORTANT: This book only covers FORD vehicles. See our other books in this series for a different manufacturer. Table of Contents LEAN Condition (includes DTCs covered) MAF Sensor Wiring Diagram (MAF) Mass-Air-Flow Repair Flowchart CAM/CRK Sensor Wiring Diagram CAM/CRK (Magnetic) Position Sensor Flowchart CAM/CRK (Hall-Effect) Position Sensor Flowchart O2 Sensor Heater Wiring Diagram O2 Sensor Heater Test (Flowchart) (AFR) Heater Wiring Diagram (AFR) Heater Flowchart Repair O2 Sensor Response Test (Except AFR) AFR Sensor Response Test MAP Sensor Flowchart Coverage MAP (Boost) Sensor Wiring Diagram MAP Sensor Test TPS Sensor Flowchart Coverage TPS (Boost) Sensor Wiring Diagram TPS Sensor Test APP Sensor Flowchart Coverage APP Sensor Wiring Diagram APP Sensor Test ECT Sensor Flowchart Coverage ECT Sensor Wiring Diagram ECT Sensor Test Knock Sensor Flowchart Coverage Knock Sensor Wiring Diagram Knock Sensor Test FRP Sensor Flowchart Coverage FRP Sensor Wiring Diagram FRP Sensor Test Intake Valve Control Solenoid Flowchart Coverage Intake Valve Control Solenoid Wiring Diagram Intake Valve Control Solenoid Test Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Flowchart Coverage Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Wiring Diagram Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Test Generic OBD-2 Code Definitions FORD Factory OBD-2 Code Definitions

This book "Automotive EXAMINATION Workbook (Sensors)" is meant to be used as an EXAM preparation for the ASE certification or any other training testing program. It is derived and part of the companion book series "Automotive Sensor Testing." These two book volumes are complimentary to each other and go hand-in-hand. Although these questions do not follow the ASE format (mechanic A, B, etc), it is highly useful when preparing for any of the engine performance or electronics ASE exams. The workbook is divided into three sections pursuant to automotive sensor: First are direct sensor wiring diagram, used to answer the questions. The diagrams are followed by the applicable questions. Finally, there is a form that, if desired, can be filled out and sent to us for the issuance of a completion Diploma. NOTE: All question answers can be found at the end of the book. The workbook is meant to be used in conjunction with its complimentary Automotive Sensor Testing book. There's no theory or textual explanations in this workbook. Finally, there's also a DVD video that, although not necessary, it also a compliment to this workbook. Special thanks to Carmen Diaz for her invaluable input on the cover layout, structure, arrangement and proofing. NOTE: These questions and answers were developed over many months. It is illegal for any individual or institution to photocopy the Q & A or any other part of this book for distribution. If interested in using these Q & A set, please contact us immediately. Table of Contents CAM Sensor Wiring Diagram O2 Sensor Signal and Heater Circuits (APP) Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (ECT) Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (IAT) Intake Air Temperature Sensor Knock Sensor (piezoelectric device) Hot Wire MAF Sensor (MAP) Manifold Air Pressure Sensor (TPS) Throttle Position Sensor (WSS) Wheel Speed Sensor A/C Pressure Sensor (FRP) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor (AFR) Air Fuel Ratio Sensor How to Use These Questions Automotive Sensors EXAMINATION Questions Answers to the Questions Diploma EXAM and Diploma Application

Stories from the Road 2 (A Case Study on Modern Automotive Diagnostics An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book series, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies 2 " is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents * - Chevy's Two Peas in a Pod (A story about what could happen when the ignition or the valve timing goes hay-wire. This story is real and one for the books.) * - Chevy's Identity Mismatch (Can you imagine a 5.0L engine that thinks it's a 4 cylinder? Something like this happened here and finding the cause was not easy. See what happened.) * - Crank Sensor Compound Fault (In whatever profession you have now, how often have you seen two problems at once. It is possible but rare and when combined into automotive diagnostics it's a nightmare.) * - Diagnostic Triple Play (This is a nice story and exposes how to use 3 different kinds of equipment to solve an automotive diagnostic issue, the Scanner, the 5-Gas Analyzer and the Scope. What a learning curve.) * - Diagnostics from another dimension (This case shows the intricacies of automotive ignition diagnostics and waveform analysis. It shows that there's always a quick way to find a specific fault, if you can master the equipment.) * - Dodge Re-Flashing Identity Crisis (Modern automotive computers or ECM/PCM are sold with a blank memory base. It's like a blank cassette tape. The technician then has to go through the process of reprogramming and configuring the new ECM. See how it affects the repair and automotive diagnostic process in this case study story.) * - Puff of the Dragon (What on earth is a Drogon and how do you use it to fix cars? Well, you do and it's called a Smoke-Machine. See how this device can save you time and money to diagnose specific issues.)

This book, Auto-Electric Repairs Explained of which there's also a companion DVD by the same title, is a dedicated work centered in automotive electric diagnostics. 99% of the auto-repair duties for an auto technician will be of the electric nature, not necessarily electronics. Electronic is also a part of auto repairs, but covered on another couse-manual-DVD by the same author. This book concentrates on the techniques relevant to repairing open and short circuits on actuators, such as motors, power feed, grounds, and other electrical faults. Techniques such as current rampping, voltage drop, scope usage, sound tracing, current draw test and many others are covered. This book and our other electronics courses 1 & 2 are a must have for any tech or DIY interested in delving into the world of electric and electronic auto repair. Special thanks given to all the techs and shops who supported my investigations on this technology, and to my wife for her support...God bless...

Make Your Own Diagnostic Equipment (MYODE) This book, "Make Your Own Diagnostic Equipment" came about from the need of many readers and viewers to be able to make and maintain fairly simple diagnostic gadgets. It is meant to show and guide the professional technician and DIY mechanic on how to make these gadgets. In many cases, due to the nature of the equipment industry, it is very expensive or virtually impossible to get these tools. The reason being is that often times tool makers don't see a profit in making these simple but effective gadgets. Most, if not all of these tools, are invaluable in diagnosing modern automotive systems. You can estimate that having one of these tools, at the right time when needed, will cut your diagnostic time by at least 50%. Of course, knowing how to use it is also important. However, by definition if you've already studied how the gadget works, how to build it an also ended up building it yourself, you've already passed the learning curve and chances are you'll know how to use it. At the very least, reading this book will put you in a much better position to also asses diagnostic issues and on the use of other important tools of automotive diagnostics. It is our hope with this work to enlighten the professional and DIY mechanic on the use, construction and operation of modern automotive diagnostic gadgets. Use this information to the beast of your abilities and be on the diagnostic driver seat. Table of Contents Automotive Low Pressure Transducer Building the Low Pressure Transducer Using the Low Pressure Transducer Polarity LED Test Light Using the Polarity LED Test Light Stress Loaded Test Light Using the Stress Loaded Test Light Building the Stress Loaded Test Light Fuel-Pump Relay & the Stress Loaded Test Light Dual Polarity & 5 Volt Reference Test Light Amplified Sensor Tester Injector & Coil Magnetic Detector Fuel Injector Pulser ECM-ECU Memory Saver Tool Loaded Injector Noid Light Using the Loaded Injector Noid Light 5 Volt Reference Simulator Parasitic Draw Amp Meter Using the Parasitic Draw Amp Meter Fuse Voltage Drop Short Identifier How to Use the Fuse Voltage Drop Short Identifier Ignition Primary DIS - COP Probe How to Use the Ignition Primary DIS Probe Drive-By-Wire Motor Actuator Controller How to Use the Drive-By-Wire Actuator Controller Ignition Key Transponder Detector Using the Ignition Key Transponder Detector Magnetic Sensor Induction Simulator Using the Magnetic Sensor Induction Simulator O2 Sensor Simulator Using the O2 Sensor Simulator ABS Speed Sensor Simulator Using the ABS Speed Sensor Simulator ABS Speed Sensor Simulator, Bleeding the Brakes Optical CAM and CRANK Sensor Simulator Using the Optical CAM and CRANK Sensor Simulator OBD-2 Data Link Connector Breakout Box Using the OBD-2 DLC Breakout Box

This book, Continuously Variable Transmission Systems - CVT of which there's also a companion DVD by the same title, was a long time in the making. Various transmissions were purchased with the specific task of disassembling then to gather the needed resources (photos, diagrams, etc) to develop this CVT series. The information seen here is found nowhere else. You can purchase a specific CVT service manual, which will guide you during the repair, but won't tell you how a CVT works. Here, you can get the needed procedures and operating information to guide you during repairs in the field. This book and it's companion DVD video forms a unique training resource, which you can use to gain a complete CVT understanding. Who can benefit from this manual? If you're an automotive technician, DIY-mechanic or just interested in learning about this technology as a whole, then this book is for you. Also, if you're simply a consumer that would like to give this technology a try, read on and get an insight on how and why the CVT works and came about. Enjoy... Table of Contents * CVT Transmission Basic Operation * CVT Hydraulic Control * CVT Belt to Pulley Clamping * CVT Transmission Stepper Motor * CVT Computer Control * CVT Speed Sensors * CVT Transmission Fluid Type * CVT Water to Oil Cooler * CVT Hydraulic Oil Pump * CVT Pressure Tests * CVT Pressures * CVT Valve Body * CVT PWM Solenoids * CVT Transmission Reverse Clutch * CVT Transmission Forward Clutch * CVT Tuning and Performance * CVT Paddle Shifting vs. Formula 1 PDK (Doppelkupplung)

In this section, we'll cover diagnostic equipment usage. As an automotive activity, diagnosing modern vehicles has become extremely high-tech oriented and difficult. Few professions involve so much from their practitioner. A modern technician has to master a multitude of disciplines, including electronics, optics, mechanics, programming, computer science and many others. Such highly technological activities require a keen analytical mind. But as in any human endeavors, proficiency comes with practice and patience. The techniques presented in this section combined with the necessary hands on practice are designed to sharpen the technician's abilities to perform profitable and fast diagnostics. With patience and practice, any vehicle can be repaired. Enjoy Edition 4.0, Section 3, Equipment Usage & Repair Strategies, Copyright 2004, 2011, All rights reserved. Section 3 Table of Contents * CURRENT RAMPING STRATEGY - (what's current ramping and how it works, oscilloscope (DSO) and a low/ high amperage clamp-on amp probe, magnetic field, fuel pumps, current ramping a fuel pump, determining the fuel pump speed, commutators, FP waveforms, ignition coil current ramping, Coil-On-Plug current ramping, ignition coil waveforms, current ramping an injector, low Amp probe usage, current ramping compression test) * HESITATION LACK OF POWER REPAIR STRATEGY - (strategy and operation, fuel delivery test, spark reserve test, exhaust pressure, ignition and valve timing, guidelines for a multi-channel scope, visual inspection, ECM in control, air-fuel ratio, 5-gas analyzer, HC, CO, CO2, O2 and Nox analysis, fuel flow, fuel volume analysis, ignition waveform) * FUEL FLOW VOLUME GUIDELINES - (Fuel Volume usage for Dometic cars, Fuel Volume usage for Asian cars, Fuel Volume for Continuous injection cars) * IGNITION COIL WAVEFORM INTERPRETATION - (Parade ignition analysis, Super-imposed, Bar-Graphs, Raster ignition analysis, single cylinder) * IGNITION SYSTEM TESTING STRATEGY - (Ignition current waveform interpretation, low resistance or shorted primary ignition, shorted ignition coil, full coil saturation, Ignition testing strategy, ignition waveform interpretation, coil On-Time, Firing line, Dwell, Turn-Off, Spark line, the main 5-types of misfires, triggering device misfire, CRK and CAM, ignition testing procedures, cranking Kilo-Volts, firing line KVs, WOT KVs, Idle baseline, Pre-Loading, Individual spark line, Distributor, DIS and COP) * A/F RATIO (lean/rich) REPAIR STRATEGY - (Fuel trim diagnostic, air-fuel ratios, ECM in control, Pressure and Volume, Spark issues, O2 not switching) * MINIMUM AIR RATE ADJUSTMENT - (why do we need a Min. AR adjustment, ECM strategy, IAC strategy, Adjustment procedure, a stalling engine, idle re-learn procedure, battery reset) * NO FUEL PRESSURE/VOLUME REPAIR STRATEGY - (No pressure volume symptomatic diagnostic, fuel system operation, fuel systems types, returnless fuel system, variable speed fuel pumps, duty-cycle control, steps to diagnose fuel system issues, defective filter, regulator) * NO INJECTION PULSE STRATEGY - (no injection and pulse diagnostics, crank issues, EFI operation, non-sequential and sequential injection, Direct injection, fuel pulse testing, noid light, injector voltage supply, scanner, the switched side, engine speed signal, injector current) * NO START/NO SPARK REPAIR PROCEDURE - (Visuals, secondary, ignition grounds, ignition power, primary side, ignition neon noid) * NO START GENERAL REPAIR PROCEDURE - (procedures that should be used to diagnose a no start, cranks ok condition, spark, pressure, fuel) * NOTES

OBD-2 Automotive Code Encyclopedia and Cross-Reference Guide By Mandy Concepcion This guide was written without the sponsoring of any one particular company or organization. No endorsements are made or implied. Any reference to a company or organization is done purely for sake of information. Here, you'll also have access to a series of useful cross-reference automotive sensor values, such as MAP, TPS, FRP or fuel-rail-pressure sensor, etc, which makes for a useful tool during repairs. All codes seen in this guide were backward engineered from the development of our Scan-1 OBD-II Scanner and Diagnostic System. Due to our extensive development with automotive ECMs and the Scan-1 we were able to compile the most complete OBD-2 code list in the industry. Due to the nature of the development of the Scan-1 the definitions here may differ somewhat from other publications. In one word, the Scan-1 being a completescanner and diagnostic tool generated a large amount of information, which we're now able to bring to you in a cost effective way. In this publication, you'll also have access to all the Generic OBD 2 code definitions, as well as the code setting criteria. Keep in mind that although the OBD-2 code definition is the same for all manufacturers; this isn't so for the code setting criteria. An effort has been made to keep the data as simple and straightforward as possible. In certain cases, the manufacturer has specified multiple instances of the same code. When presented with this situation, simply study the multiple instances and apply them to the vehicle at hand.

(GDI) Gasoline Direct Injection Explained (A Gasoline Direct Injection Technology Series) By Mandy Concepcion This book, "(GDI) Gasoline Direct Injection Explained" covers the major points of this technology. It is a must first book for anyone interested in updating and understanding the finer points of this technology. All the major auto makers are now releasing new models with GDI injection. This technology is easy and faster to manufacture, now that the engineering has pretty much been polished. Gone are the carbon issues of the past. GDI has matured and is here to stay. This book will cover sensors and feedback programs that only GDI systems employ. There are some, but few similarities between GDI and PFI, which we'll cover here. The main differences are in the high pressures needed and the way injectors are triggered (not with 12 volts). Other issues that may render a GDI inoperative are the NOx systems, which is also covered in this book. We hope this book serves as a launching point for a complete and proper GDI Technology training regime. Enjoy. Table of contents (GDI) Gasoline Direct Injection Explained * GDI Advantages * GDI vs PFI Fuel Injection * GDI Spray Guided Combustion * GDI Wall Guided Combustion * GDI Injector Operation * GDI Injector Testing * GDI Injection Failures * GDI High Pressure Pump Construction * GDI High Pressure Pump Tests * GDI Pressure Sensor * GDI Pressure Sensor Testing * GDI Pressure Control Solenoid * GDI NOx Sensor Operation * GDI NOx Sensor Testing * GDI Erroneous NOx Codes * GDI Exhaust Temp Sensor * GDI Exhaust Temp Sensor Testing * GDI NOx Catalyst Operation * GDI NOx Catalyst Testing * GDI NOx Catalyst Regeneration

In the early part of the 21st century, we find our lives intertwined with a maze of technological wonders. From cell-phones to personal computers, no human being today can escape it. Automobiles are no exception to this rule. With the ever changing emission laws of today, the one constant in the automotive industry is that things always change and will continue to do so. OBD II was designed from the beginning to do so as well. Late model vehicle systems are much more demanding, in both the amount of technology they posses and in the knowledge necessary to repair them. This work was designed to just that, a step-by step diagnostic approach to OBD II systems. It is also written with the State Inspections in mind. This is in direct response to the increasing adoption of OBD II inspections by most States throughout the country. OBD II repair don't have to be difficult or cumbersome and knowledge is the key to successful OBD II diagnostics and repair. About the Author Mandy Concepcion has worked in the automotive field for over 21 years. He holds a Degree in Applied Electronics Engineering as well as an ASE Master & L1 certification. For the past 16 years he has been exclusively involved in the diagnosis of all the different electronic systems found in today's vehicles. It is here where he draws extensive practical knowledge from his experience and hopes to convey it in his books. Mandy also designs and builds his own diagnostic equipment, DVD-Videos and repair software. Edition 4.0, Table of Contents, Copyright 2004, 2011, All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 - Basics of OBD II - What is OBD II? - Why do we need it? The Federal Test Procedure (FTP) - Technical aspects of OBD II. (FF, Monitors, Pending & Current Codes, The Drive Cycle, Re-setting Monitors, etc) - The data link connector - Diagnostic Trouble Code implementation - Resetting Monitors - What are Freeze Frames and how are they useful in diagnostics - A word about misfires - Do I need an OEM scanner or can I get by with an aftermarket scan tool? - Generic vs. Enhanced. What's the difference? why do you need to pull-out both codes? - The vehicle failed OBD II-State Inspection, but is passing a 5 gas emissions test. Why is it? - Resetting fuel trims. It's not the same procedure for every system - The Diagnostic Executive or Task Manager. What is it? - Bi-Directional control capabilities are revolutionizing the diagnostic process - Diagnosing EVAP leaks. It doesn't have to be complicated Section 2 - Base-lining the system includes retrieving FF, codes, & monitor status - Freeze Frames information gathering - Monitor status flag - Code Setting Criteria. How and why was the code set? - Freeze Frame and Code Setting Criteria comparison - Dividing the diagnostic process into systems and using the codes to detect system faults - First rule of diagnostics-Know the system you're working on - System by System outlook - Which Monitors are Incomplete. The need to prove each system without having to run a drive cycle by using the scanner, saving time & money - General Idle PID Snap-Shot Section 3 - INTRODUCTION - OBD-2 Generic PID list - OBD I and OBD II, and general PID analysis - FUEL DELIVERY FAULT DETECTION - TEST # 1 - TEST #2 - TEST #3 - TEST #4 - TEST #5 - RUNNING THE MONITORS IN YOUR MIND USING THE SCANNER Section 4 - Putting it all together. - Principles of diagnostics - Basic Scope Testing and Bi-Directional Control - No-Start, General Diagnostics - The correct decision making process to a sound repair - Don't assume anything or get caught in a particular mind set - Taking all the facts into account

Stories from the Road 7 (A Narrative About Modern Automotive Diagnostics) An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of contents Stories from the Road 7 * - Oil Drowned Dakota Rich running Dakota with erratic Fuel-Trims is this case in diagnostics. The shop replaced O2 sensors, did complete tune-up but to no avail. Delve into this video and learn about using the trusty 5 Gas Analyzer and the scanner. Also learn about O2 signal interpretation presented with state of the art diagrams and animations. * - Parallel Universe 4T60E Transmission Get into the world of electronic transmission diagnostics using a myriad of automotive equipment. Understand the operation of modern transmissions from these special diagrams and animations. And, when all fails then use the Clamp-On AMp probe to get to the bottom line and root cause of the issue. * - Reverse Polarity FORD F150 An ignition problem that wouldn't go away on a Ford F150. This COP or coil-on-plug ignition was a tough one. The video goes through the use of various equipment as well as reading very detailed ignition waveforms, with animations. * - Robo Techs Cousin GM Passlock Bypass The "Security" light was on on this GM antitheft system. At first there was no problem with the engine, but then it all went haywire. Get the insight on this particular case in bypassing the antiquated GM passlock from the past. * - Saab 9-5 Trionic with Hiccups Wow Trionic, it sounds complicated, and it is. The issue was an intermittent hickups to the engine. Get an insight on this system found on many vehicles today made by Bosch. Get the whole story right here with the latest in CG animation and waveform reading. * - Safari with Faulty Pick-Up Line A case all about misfires and the complexity of finding a pesky one. But things got hot when a bunch of parts were replaced and nothing changed. See this entire diagnostic path from scanner, scope, reading signals and assessing the situation. * - Speedometer Volume Control With todays electronic dashboards, repairing a speedometer issue is not like your grandfather's Oldsmobile. Follow this VSS or vehicle speed sensor "Digital" signal to all the respective modules, including the Radio. Yeas, even the Radio uses the VSS, but why? See this curious case and learn that appearances can be deceiving. * - BONUS - Mass Air Flow Hot Film Circuit Get an inside look at the MAF circuit in operation. This article is an in-depth advanced electronics analysis of the MAF. It is complete with the appropriate wiring diagrams to make you understand the subject.

How to Use the Snap-On SOLUS With the ever increasing electronic content in today's vehicles, the scan tool has become the tool of choice to look into the ECM or module functions. The scanner is the only window into what the different modules are doing. One thing's to use an oscilloscope or GMM, but to know what the computer is actually interpreting, your only choice is this piece of equipment. This book is different than other book on the SOLUS. This book actually teaches you how to use the equipment and interpret the PID datastream. This book also borrows from some of our other publications, but geared towards the Solus. We also expose the use of other diagnostic equipment and how to use them together. In today's automotive repair shop the technician has to be able to use the equipment and draw relational characteristics between the signal. It is from these relations that the tech arrives to the true repair. It's not just using the Modis. It's using the Solus and see if the scope and multi-meter readings also support the repair conclusion. Snap-On has over the years developed into a leader in diagnostic equipment. With that in mind, lets learn to use the SOLUS to its fullest and become a profitable, top technician. Remember, learning to use your equipment will also teach you a great deal of diagnostics. Table of Contents Basic features General Scan tool function & PID analysis The Troubleshooter Graphing the PIDs Bi-directional Control Snap-shot feature OBD-2 operability Using the SOLUS in conjunction with other types of equipment (Test-Light, Current Probe, GMM, DVOM, Oscilloscope) The SOLUS and the PC. Building a library of known good waveforms

Automotive Computer Network Repair (Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems) By Mandy Concepcion In this book we will cover the intricacies of automotive inter-module communication systems or networks. The scope of this section will also go beyond the normal needs of an automotive technician. Hence, this will probably be the most difficult part of this series to comprehend. Be patient and open minded. Always give yourself time to absorb the knowledge and do not be discouraged. Special emphasis will be placed on the CAN system (Controller Area Network), since it is now the standard. CAN is one of the 9 OBD-2 protocols. A protocol is an agreement on communications interchange. It is in essence a computer communication language and specifies signaling, wiring, size of cables used, who controls the network and voltage levels. Various protocols were used in the past, some proprietary and some generic such as ISO 9141 and SAE 1850 VPW, but the standard is now the CAN protocol. Virtually all vehicle networks now talk to each other though the CAN protocol. It is now common place to see the seat belt, SRS-Airbag, transmission, ABS-Brakes, engine and radio modules or computer talking to each other through the network. Ever wondered why your radio volume goes up when you accelerate the vehicle? That's the engine computer or module telling the radio to raise the volume due to a higher RPM and hence higher ambient noise. It is also common to see a non-shifting transmission due to a faulty network and the issue not being related to the transmission at all. Hopefully this book will shed some light on the operation and knowledge needed to tackle automotive networks in today's vehicles...... Enjoy. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION * - Automotive inter-module communication systems or networks * - Asian, Domestics and European Vehicles * - Fully Networked vehicles. 2. THE NEED FOR IN-VEHICLE NETWORKING * - Use of electrical and electronic components * - Networked automotive sensors. * - Sharing of sensor information * - Weight savings and the simpler wiring harnesses * - Networking and modular systems 3. THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS * - CAN or Controller Area Network communication protocol * - CLASS A - Low speed * - CLASS B - Medium speed * - CLASS C - High speed * - SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) * - ISO (International Standards Organization) * - What is a Gateway? 4. NETWORKING ESSENTIALS * - the 7-layer ISO/OSI reference model * - PHYSICAL LAYER * - DATA LINK LAYER * - APPLICATION LAYER * - Medium Access * - CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS or CSMA * - Network latency * - The Topology of a network * - The STAR topology * - The BUS topology * - The TREE topology * - The RING topology 5. DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION NETWORK * - The CCD data bus (Chrysler Collision Detection) * - CCD bus ground * - CCD bus bias voltage * - OEM scan tool (DRB III) * - NO TERMINATION message fault * - The PCI bus (Programmable Communications Interface) * - A CSMA/CD media access scheme * - The Header, DATA, CRC, IFR and EOF elements * - DCL (Data Communications Link) * - circuit 914 and 915 * - SCP (J1850) (Standard Corporate Protocol) * - Dual wire twisted pair bus topology * - The ISO 9141 protocol * - The NGS "DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS" menu option * - GM (Data Line) UART Serial Communications * - UART data line communications * - GM CLASS 2 data bus * - State of health messages * - The Tech-2 scanner has a dynamic menu configuration * - The Tech-2's PING-ALL-MODULES 6. CAN (Controller Area Network) * - implementation of the CAN protocol * - 11 bit and 29 bit identifyer * - EPA approved for MY 2003 and up * - CAN A, B and C * - MID and PID CAN identifyers * - Master time-keeper-node * - Drive-by-wire systems * - Byteflight, Flexray, and Time-triggered CAN or TTCAN * - The CAN Data-Frame * - The CAN bus-access arbitration * - SOF (start-of-frame) bit * - Control bit * - Arbitration bits * - Data bits * - EOF or end of frame bit