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The State of the AJ &K- Pakistan is situated at the border of
floristic regions of the world, various vicarant taxa have been
differentiated and may hybridize in the same area and Pyrus is a
good example. Biodiversity in indigenous Pyrus germplasm
accumulated through extreme diversity in climate, geography,
naturalized population and interspecific cross pollination.
Further, due to silk trade route system could be promoted the
phenomena of biodiversity in Pyrus species. Besides displaying high
resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, diverse germplasm are
important for genetic improvement of pears. High diversity in pear
species is being eroded due to the ecological damage caused by
global warming and urbanization. Therefore, there is an urgent need
to investigate potential and limits of molecular technique,
evaluate the current genetic structure and classifying highly
valuable genotypes. Genetic markers representing highest genetic
diversity to all genotypes based on SSRs and Protein (SDS-PAGE)
analysis showed the diversity in protein profile need to be
exploited. Present study would be helpful to initiate breeding
programme and to improve existing pear diverse germplasm.
Awareness and early identification of periodontal diseaseIn
diabetic patients is necessary to improve the quality of life, as
treating chronic periodontal infections is essential for managing
diabetes and to prevent or minimize the systemic complications such
as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, fatigue, weakness, memory
loss, cardiovascular disease and need for amputations, periodontal
infection and tooth loss.
Medicinal plants have a vital role in the developing countries for
the human and livestock health. Poonch division is mountainous
region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir-Pakistan; its diverse
geo-ecological conditions reflect huge diversity in medicinal and
aromatic plants ranging from herbs to large trees. Effort was made
to explore and characterize the potential of various native
profitable medicinal and aromatic plants for conservation and
documentation. As a result of exploration survey, information was
gathered from local communities and plants were selected from
various diverse sites likewise thick forest, rangeland and from the
mountainous tracks of study areas. The following medicinal plants
viz., Kanwar Gandal, Kangi, Maiden Hair furn, Bhang, Amla, Timber,
Neem, Dhania, Sumbal, Kochmach, Harnoli, Banfsha, Saffron, Saunf,
Datura, Geani and Podina were collected and characterized. Present
study would be beneficial to provide quality raw material for our
pharmaceutical industry and better return to the local communities.
Pear belongs to genus Pyrus, abundantly found in temperate region
of AJ & K reflects rich biodiversity. Such diversity and
valuable genetic resources are being eroded due to human over
exploitation, and natural calamities. Keeping in view existing
genetic diversity and genetic erosion in Pyrus germplasm, the focus
of present study was to develop biotechnological conservation
strategies by using slow-growth techniques. However in vivo
preservation was also implemented to conserve the basic stock under
field conditions. The apical shoots of nine pear genotypes were
preserved in vitro under minimal growth conditions using low
temperature treatments, modification in medium strength and adding
mannitol in the basal medium and also by reducing the concentration
of BAP and using growth retardants for different storage periods
i.e. 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. After twelve months of storage, the
culture successfully regenerated into new shoots and they were
morphologically similar to those of non-stored.
Awareness of general and dental health care among adult population
is needed as the tooth loss hampers the quality of life, restricts
social interaction and communication of an individual. Smoking has
been revealed to be a main threat for loss of teeth. However, loss
of teeth is not only a pathological condition, in addition diet
intake, malnutrition, socio-economic loss of self- sufficiency, and
deterioration in quality of life.
Water scarcity is the major challenge being faced around the globe,
chiefly pronounced in the developing countries. The existing
utilizable water resources are not enough to irrigate the entire
cultivable area of the world. The aggravated decreasing trend of
per capita water availability resulting from rapidly escalating
population therefore requires judicious use of available water
resources than ever before. This can be achieved through
controlling conveyance losses in distribution network and
increasing application efficiency of irrigation water. For this
purpose, an On-Farm Water Management (OFWM) package employing
modern irrigation systems augmented with improvement of
watercourses, laser land levelling and resource conservation
technologies is imperative. Present toil was aimed at presenting
in-depth discussion on aforesaid components of OFWM package. This
book is useful for a broad range of users; from field engineers and
extension specialists to water managers at the farm, district, and
higher levels for enhancing the water productivity of irrigation
projects as well as for a variety of objectives and applications.
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