Images have caused uproar, violence, and even casualties in the meeting of religions and cultures during the last years. Late modern culture is dominated by images and is understood in concepts such as aestheticiation and symboliation. Theological debate is likewise performed through images, symbols, and rituals rather than through doctrines and beliefs. The authors from various research backgrounds seek to clarify the terms of reference and explore the diversity and disagreements in their use from a Christian perspective.

Hans Alma is a professor of psychology at the University for Humanistics at Utrecht.

Marcel Barnard is a professor of liturgics at the Protestant Th eological University in Utrecht, Netherlands.

Volker Kuster is a professor of communication design at the University Duisburg-Essen.