This book provides new research on immunosuppressives. Chapter One focuses on practical issues concerning immunosuppression in nephrology. Chapter Two discusses the global significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the clinical scenarios in which immunosuppresive therapy may reactivate HBV, and different management strategies to prevent HBV reactivation. Chapter Three reviews the effect of immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in response to routine vaccinations, and provides a general framework to the approach of vaccinations to these patients.