This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging, SASHIMI 2022, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2022, in Singapore, Singapore in September 2022.

Language contact - the linguistic and social outcomes of two or more languages coming into contact with each other - starts with the emergence of multilingual populations. Multilingualism involving plurilingualism can have various consequences beyond borrowing, interference, and code-mixing and -switching, including the emergence of lingua francas and new language varieties, as well as language endangerment and loss. Bringing together contributions from an international team of scholars, this Handbook - the second in a two-volume set - engages the reader with the manifold aspects of multilingualism and provides state-of-the-art research on the impact of population structure on language contact. It begins with an introduction that presents the history of the scholarship on the subject matter. The chapters then cover various processes and theoretical issues associated with multilingualism embedded in specific population structures worldwide as well as their outcomes. It is essential reading for anybody interested in how people behave linguistically in multilingual or multilectal settings.

Language contact - the linguistic and social outcomes of two or more languages coming into contact with each other - has been pervasive in human history. However, where histories of language contact are comparable, experiences of migrant populations have been only similar, not identical. Given this, how does language contact work? With contributions from an international team of scholars, this Handbook - the first in a two-volume set - delves into this question from multiple perspectives and provides state-of-the-art research on population movement and language contact and change. It begins with an overview of how language contact as a research area has evolved since the late 19th century. The chapters then cover various processes and theoretical issues associated with population movement and language contact worldwide. It is essential reading for anybody interested in the dynamics of social interactions in diverse contact settings and how the changing ecologies influence the linguistic outcomes.

Se describe el diseno e implementacion de un sensor infrarrojo (Arreglos monosensorial y bisensorial), para la deteccion de superficies y la medicion de distancias; Se implementa un circuito electronico que permite enviar y recibir senales infrarrojas, a traves de un dispositivo logico programable FPGA, en este caso la tarjeta Spartan 3E de Xilinx; Por medio de un sistema embebido, (Microblaze), implementado en la FPGA, se controla el movimiento de un sistema conformado por un servomotor y un arreglo emisor-receptor de infrarrojos, se digitaliza la senal proveniente del circuito electronico acondicionador de la senal recibida del receptor del sensor de infrarrojos; la senal convertida, es enviada a un PC a traves de un protocolo de comunicacion serial RS-232 para posteriormente ser procesada por medio de una interfaz grafica de usuario (GUI) en MATLAB, la cual permite tomar los datos independientemente de cada uno de los canales del CAD, graficarlos y procesarlos segun los requerimientos. Una vez obtenida la informacion, los datos obtenidos seran utilizados para la construccion de mapas de entorno, necesarios para la ubicacion y navegacion de un robot movil."

Written entirely in Spanish, this is the ideal introduction to Spanish linguistics for students. Using clear explanations, it covers all the basic concepts required to study the structural aspects of the Spanish language - phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics - as well as the history of Spanish, its dialects, and its linguistic variation in Latin America, Spain, and the US. This third edition incorporates new features designed to enhance its usefulness for classroom teaching: a new chapter on the teaching and learning of Spanish as a second language, expanded discussion of syntax, and more detailed coverage of Spanish semantics and pragmatics. Numerous exercises have been added throughout the text, some of which are now presented as problems for students to solve, allowing students to gain a more complete mastery of the analytical concepts at hand.

How long has Spanish been spoken in the US and how many people speak it today? Is Spanish being passed down through generations? What role does Spanish play in US Latino identity? Analysing and synthesising data from a wide variety of sources, Escobar and Potowski explore these questions and more in this up-to-date textbook for students of Spanish language, linguistics, bilingualism, sociolinguistics, culture, and history. * Over 150 exercises help students engage with the linguistic characteristics of Spanish, Spanish-dialect contact, bilingualism, and Spanish communities in the US * Exercises and examples refer students to external, online sources so they can experience Spanish through a range of media * Concepts are clearly defined with detailed examples for readers who may not have a background in linguistics * Misconceptions about Spanish varieties and Latino communities are addressed, ensuring readers will emerge with a clear understanding of how Latino communities vary linguistically and socioculturally.

How long has Spanish been spoken in the US and how many people speak it today? Is Spanish being passed down through generations? What role does Spanish play in US Latino identity? Analysing and synthesising data from a wide variety of sources, Escobar and Potowski explore these questions and more in this up-to-date textbook for students of Spanish language, linguistics, bilingualism, sociolinguistics, culture, and history. * Over 150 exercises help students engage with the linguistic characteristics of Spanish, Spanish-dialect contact, bilingualism, and Spanish communities in the US * Exercises and examples refer students to external, online sources so they can experience Spanish through a range of media * Concepts are clearly defined with detailed examples for readers who may not have a background in linguistics * Misconceptions about Spanish varieties and Latino communities are addressed, ensuring readers will emerge with a clear understanding of how Latino communities vary linguistically and socioculturally.