Heart disease, despite recent improvements, continues to be the single most im portant cause of death and disability in the United States. It is estimated that the direct cost of medical care for cardiovascular disease is $6 billion dollars per year. Data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics reveal a dramatic de cline in deaths from cardiovascular disease in the United States (greater than 20% since 1968). This phenomenon has been the subject of in-depth study. It is clear that the decline is real and not a statistical artifact. The decrease in mortality has been noted in all sections of the country, though the onset and rate of decline varies in different regions of the country. Both primary prevention, through changes in risk factors, and basic and applied research leading to earlier recognition and im proved treatment have contributed to the decline. They do not fully explain the decline. Further research is needed to clarify this issue. Clinical cardiologists have been exposed to a veritable explosion of new knowl edge of mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, development of new improved non-invasive diagnostic techniques, and the pharmacodynamics of agents affect ing the cardiovascular system. This new knowledge results from contributions made by individuals from diverse disciplines including cellular and molecular bi ologists, geneticists, hematologists, cardiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons."

The Stressed Heart is truly unique in concept and will provide an eXCItmg adventure to the reader no matter what his or her field of expertise and interest. The title, although quite appropriate, does not adequately indicate the range of topics considered or the rational interrelationships among them. Indeed, perhaps the most important point to be learned from the book is that a serious consideration of the response of the heart to mechanical overload, ischemia, or excessive humoral stimuli must include evaluation of each of the topics in the table of contents. The heart responds to stress through alterations in both structure and function. How these changes are brought about is the subject of the initial chapters. These consider first the normal regulation of gene expression in the heart, the rapid response to mechanical overload that leads to both quantitative and qualitative changes in the contractile proteins, and our current understand ing of the signals that might be elicited by stress and alter gene expression. One chapter emphasizes the fact that, regardless of the nature of the stress, the common denominator is a discrepancy between energy requirements and expenditure. The central role of cellular acidosis in initiating the sequence of responses to stress and the possible roles of peptide regulators of transcription and protein regulators of translation are considered in detail."

The field of gender-specific medicine examines how normal human biology and physiology differs between men and women and how the diagnosis and treatment of disease differs as a function of gender. This revealing research covers various conditions that predominantly occur in men as well conditions that predominantly occur in women. Among the areas of greatest difference are cardiovascular disease, mood disorders, the immune system, lung cancer as a consequence of smoking, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, and infectious diseases.
The Second Edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine will decrease in size from two to one volume and focus on the essentials of gender-specific medicine. In response to the market as well as many of the reviewers suggestions, the Editor has eliminated approximately 55 chapters from the first edition to make the book more compact and more focused on the essentials of gender-specific medicine. The content will be completely updated, redundant sections and chapters will be merged with others that are more relevant to the current study of sex and gender differences in human physiology and pathophysiology.
Editor has eliminated approximately 55 chapters from the first edition to make the book more compact and more focused on the essentials of gender-specific medicine.

Longer bibliographies and suggested reviews/papers of particular relevance and importance will be added at the end of each section.

Each author will be asked to include recent meta-analysis of data

Each chapter will progress translationally from the basic science to the clinical applications of gender-specific therapies, drugs, or treatments

Section on drug metabolism will be eliminated but the subject will be incorporated into each relevant chapter

Section on aging will be eliminated but age will be considered as a variable in each of the separate chapters "

The Stressed Heart is truly unique in concept and will provide an eXCItmg adventure to the reader no matter what his or her field of expertise and interest. The title, although quite appropriate, does not adequately indicate the range of topics considered or the rational interrelationships among them. Indeed, perhaps the most important point to be learned from the book is that a serious consideration of the response of the heart to mechanical overload, ischemia, or excessive humoral stimuli must include evaluation of each of the topics in the table of contents. The heart responds to stress through alterations in both structure and function. How these changes are brought about is the subject of the initial chapters. These consider first the normal regulation of gene expression in the heart, the rapid response to mechanical overload that leads to both quantitative and qualitative changes in the contractile proteins, and our current understand ing of the signals that might be elicited by stress and alter gene expression. One chapter emphasizes the fact that, regardless of the nature of the stress, the common denominator is a discrepancy between energy requirements and expenditure. The central role of cellular acidosis in initiating the sequence of responses to stress and the possible roles of peptide regulators of transcription and protein regulators of translation are considered in detail."

Heart disease, despite recent improvements, continues to be the single most im portant cause of death and disability in the United States. It is estimated that the direct cost of medical care for cardiovascular disease is $6 billion dollars per year. Data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics reveal a dramatic de cline in deaths from cardiovascular disease in the United States (greater than 20% since 1968). This phenomenon has been the subject of in-depth study. It is clear that the decline is real and not a statistical artifact. The decrease in mortality has been noted in all sections of the country, though the onset and rate of decline varies in different regions of the country. Both primary prevention, through changes in risk factors, and basic and applied research leading to earlier recognition and im proved treatment have contributed to the decline. They do not fully explain the decline. Further research is needed to clarify this issue. Clinical cardiologists have been exposed to a veritable explosion of new knowl edge of mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, development of new improved non-invasive diagnostic techniques, and the pharmacodynamics of agents affect ing the cardiovascular system. This new knowledge results from contributions made by individuals from diverse disciplines including cellular and molecular bi ologists, geneticists, hematologists, cardiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons."

Sex, Gender, and Epigenetics: From Molecule to Bedside explores the complex interplay of sex and gender-based influences on gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The book provides an overview of the field and evidence gathered to-date that is followed by a discussion of epigenetic pathways by which biological sex and the impact of the environment collaborate to regulate genetic function. The book also analyzes the impact of ancestors' environmental experience on subsequent generations and describes the nature of sex-specific transmission of environmentally induced epigenetic modifications. Here, international leaders in the field discuss both sex-specific normal physiology and the experience of disease, with chapters dedicated to fetal programming, microbiome, cancer, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, embryogenesis, and oocyte aging, among other topics.

The International Society for Gender Medicine: History and Highlights is about a major step in the improvement of quality in medicine, namely the long overdue understanding that women are different from men in every system of the body and may require different approaches in diagnosis and treatment. This is not a textbook, nor is it a scientific publication. It is the story of the International Society for Gender Medicine (IGM) as soon through the eyes of 12 pioneers of Gender and Sex Specific Medicine (GSSM) from seven countries, five of whom were the founds of IGM in 2006. It describes the development of this new science in the respective countries and academic environments of the authors, their very personal experience while promoting, and implementing their vision of GSSM, their frustrations, successes, and achievements. The field of gender-specific medicine examines how normal human biology and physiology differ between men and women and how the diagnosis and treatment of disease differs as a function of gender and sex. Among the areas of greatest difference are cardiovascular disease, mood disorders, the immune system, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, and infectious diseases. This book is essential reading for all researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and anyone interested in this diverse and thriving field. From the early beginning, to the recent NIH mandate that females be included in pre-clinical as well as clinical research and that research results be reported by sex, the quick read will broaden your understanding of the history of the field and highlight where the future is headed.

The announcement that we had decoded the human genome in 2000 ushered in a new and unique era in biomedical research and clinical medicine. This Third Edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine focuses, as in the past two editions, on the essentials of sexual dimorphism in human physiology and pathophysiology, but emphasizes the latest information about molecular biology and genomic science in a variety of disciplines. Thus, this edition is a departure from the previous two; the editor solicited individual manuscripts from innovative scientists in a variety of fields rather than the traditional arrangement of sections devoted to the various subspecialties of medicine edited by section chiefs. Wherever it was available, these authors incorporated the latest information about the impact of the genome and the elements that modify its expression on human physiology and illness. All chapters progress translationally from basic science to the clinical applications of gender-specific therapy and suggest the most important topics for future investigation. This book is essential reading for all biomedical investigators and medical educators involved in gender-specific medicine. It will also be useful for primary care practitioners who need information about the importance of sex and gender in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness. Winner of the 2018 PROSE Award in Clinical Medicine from the Association of American Publishers!

It is a universal fact that men die before women. But the causes of this have long remained unexplored. In this trailblazing book, Dr. Marianne Legato - an expert in gender specific health - examines the reasons behind men's fragility and explains what they need to do to live longer. A bestselling author and Professor of Medicine at Columbia University, Dr. Legato shows how the forces of culture and biology conspire against male mortality. Drawing on the latest research and narrated through the lives of her patients, she delves into problems that both men and women care about - from why the male fetus is at greater risk, to why boys have a hard time adjusting to school, to how elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol make men more prone to aggression and why they are more likely to die from cardiac arrest or cancer and even depression. Why Men Die First offers specific advice on what men can do to live better, including * how on-one time with young boys reduces anxiety and attention deficit problems * lifestyle changes that can prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis * why young men take on high risk endeavors and how to decrease the stress * how to cope with mid life depression and feelings of emasculation and uselessness * how testosterone shots can mitigate the unpleasant symptoms of aging Dr. Legato brings the possibility of both mental and physical wellbeing to men in this compelling and inspiring book. A superstar physician, celebrated annually in New York Magazine's Best Doctors Issue, Dr. Legato is well poised to take on this urgent topic with her unimpeachable authority and natural warmth.

The Plasticity of Sex: The Molecular Biology and Clinical Features of Genomic Sex, Gender Identity and Sexual Behavior provides a comprehensive view on the development of human sexuality. As there has been a crescendo of interest over the past several decades about the nature and diversity of human sexuality, this reference brings the evidence-based research into one place. The emergence of issues surrounding gender identity, genital ambivalence and the transition from one sex to another is striking, with the public and treating physicians alike clamoring for an evidence-based, comprehensive treatment of human sexuality and all its variations. This is a must-have reference for biomedical researchers in endocrinology, neuroscience, development biology, medical students, residents, and practicing physicians from all medical areas. Winner of the 2021 PROSE Award in Biomedicine from the Association of American Publishers!

For decades, medicine saw men and women as essentially the same physically except in the area of reproduction. However, a new and groundbreaking science of gender-specific medicine has discovered astonishing distinctions between male and female bodies. From the thickness of our skin to the signs of a heart attack to ways we metabolize drugs, the sexes have significant physiological differences. But, what do these differences mean to you and your doctor? In this groundbreaking book, internationally respected academic physician and lecturer, Dr. Marianne Legato pulls together more than a decade of research into sex-specific health. The result is a powerful tool for anyone interested in the critical nuances in the ways men and women might present symptoms or be treated for disease. It’s a book that will not only change the way you think about women’s health, it just might save your life.

After traveling the country and listening to women’s most common health problems, Dr. Marianne Legato, one of the nation’s leading advocates for women’s health, answers these common questions and more in What Women Need to Know. This revolutionary book teaches women how to ask their doctors the right questions and leave the office satisfied. Dr. Legato is also the author of The Female Heart, a book that dispels myths that heart disease is only a male problem. Her coauthor on both books is Carol Colman Gerber, one of the country’s leading medical writers.