Technical advances in the field of mammography and better interpretation of the photographs have led recently to a more precise and reliable means of diagnosis, especially for findings which are difficult to analyse. With the help of numerous pathological and control cases the authors explain both the step-by-step procedure in diagnosis and the advantages of mammography as the choice of examination in particular patients. This book guides the reader to an exact interpretation of mammograms. The book is directed at radiologists, gynaecologists and general practitioners. Interdisciplinary collaboration and diagnosis in the preclinical stage are especially important for furthering the prevention of breast cancer.

This book, the seventh in the series Exercises in Radiological Diagnosis, deals with sonography, an imaging procedure in which the ability of the radiologist plays an exceptionally important role. The author, Catherine Roy, has very extensive experience in the clinical use of sonography. She has selected the images, which are of excellent quality, with great care to illustrate a wide range of conditions and has supplemented them by commentaries and discussions which are easy to comprehend. The systematic use of schematic drawings to interpret the images makes it possible for the reader to follow the author's approach without any difficulty. Schematic drawings are par ticularly important in sonography because the relationship be tween the details in the images and the anatomy may be very weak. Images, schematic drawings, and text (both commentaries and interpretations) are three didactic elements which Cathe rine Roy has skill-fully combined in these exercises into an excellent whole. A. WACKENHEIM v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Iconography, Commentary with Corresponding Schemata. . 2 Subject Index 203 VII Introduction Ultrasound imaging of the abdomen has now become a routine investi gation. It has brought about changes in the procedure of additional investigations and even rendered part of conventional radiology redun dant, particularly that concerning the bile ducts. These exercises are meant for students or physicians who already have basic knowledge of ultrasound diagnosis. It has not been possible to cover the entire spectrum of abdominal pathology, especially trauma, with 114 cases.

I am proud that this study of the hand appears in the series Exercises in Radiological Diagnosis founded by A. WACKEN HEIM. From time eternal, man has tried to explain the numerous configurations and lines of the hand in order to reveal the true character of a person and to display his life. The importance of the symbolism of the hand is reflected in its role in the cultural life of the old world. Therefore, it is not astanishing that the first book about the hand, by Johannes Hartlieb, was devoted to Chiromancy, and that it was so successful that it went through four editions since the second half of the fifteenth century. When Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895 asked his wife to lay her hand on a photographic plate covered with black paper and exposed it to the radiation he had just discovered, it marked the beginning of radiology. Today the study of the hand concerns only 2%-4% of the activity of radiology. It nevertheless reveals an amazing quantity and variety of pathology. That is the reason for this work. - The authors wishes to thank his friends Y. DIRHEIMER, rheumatolog1st, J. C. DoscH, traumatologist, and G. Fou CHER, surgeon, who provided some of the material for the illustrations. P. BouRJAT VII Contents Part One: Iconography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part Two: Commentary with Corresponding Schemata 117 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 . . ."

Osteoarticular pathology is a very frequent motive for consultation. Very often, the diagnosis relies upon symptomatology, and the physi cian requires confirmatory radiological investigations. Whatever the clinical indication, the interpretation of radiological data must be very rigorous. On the basis of a complete description of the radiographic images, according to a systematic analysis plan, a certain number of diagnostic hypotheses may be proposed. Selection of the most likely hypothesis requires the correlation of clinical, biological, and radiological data, and may sometimes necessi tate additional investigations, such as tomograms, scintigrams, and computed tomography (CT). 1 Part One Iconography 3 3 1 2 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 b a 8 a 9 10 11 12 10 13 14 11 15 a b 12 a c 13 17 b a c 14 15 c 16 17 23 21 a 22 b 18 19 20 21 22 23 33 34 24 25 37 38 26 27 40- 43 28 29 46 30 48 47 31 49 50 32 33 52 a b c 34 53 a b d c 35 54 a b 36 37 55 a 38 55 b c 39 56 57 40 58 41 60 61 42 43 63 64 44 65 66 45 67 68 46 69 a b 47 70 71 48 73 49 74 75 50 76 77 51 78 79 52 80 a b c 53 81 82 54 83 84 55 85 86 S6 87 88 57 89 90 58 91 92"

Marcelle Megret has assembled a comprehensive collection of radiographie images during her work in the field of com puted tomography of the cranial skeleton. This collection and her experience have made it possible for her to prepare these exercises in radiological diagnosis concerned exclusively with craniofacial tomodensitometry. The viewer will appreciate the choice of original docu ments of the highest quality, and also note the delicacy of execution of the diagrams, all drawn by the author herself. Marcelle Megret, like most of my students, conceives and carries out the schematas herself. The requirements concern ing certainty, strictness, precision, and objectivity would lead her to agree with Ludwig Wittgenstein's observations that since certain things cannot be said they must be shown, and that rules are insufficient when there are no examples. I should like this book to be successful. It inaugurates Marcelle Megret's career as an author and is an honor to the University of Geneva.