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In support of theater missile defense (TMD) operations, this
multiservice publication, "TMD IPB: Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Theater Missile Defense Intelligence
Preparation of the Battlespace (FM 3-01.160," provides detailed
tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) for conducting
intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). TMD IPB reduces
uncertainties regarding terrain, weather, and adversary
capabilities to develop potential adversary courses of action. The
4-step IPB methodology detailed in this publication is based on
Joint Publication 2-01.3, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace."
This publication provides the intelligence analyst the tools to
support commander and staff planning and decision making in the
joint, combined and service levels by providing a systematic,
continuous, and common methodology for analyzing the adversary
theater missile force. The target audience for this publication is
the intelligence analyst responsible for IPB development. It will
also aid the joint force commander in planning and executing
cohesive joint operations against theater missiles throughout the
battlespace and be beneficial for sensor employment, collection
management, target development, and force application.
This publication, "Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological,
and Nuclear Environment (FM 4-02.7)," establishes doctrinal
multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTPs) for health
service support (HSS) units operating in a chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) and toxic industrial material
(TIM) environment. It is the intent of this document to inform the
combatant commanders (CCDRs), joint force commanders (JFCs), joint
force medical commanders and medical planners, and component
commanders and their staffs on the tools available to provide the
best quality of force health protection (FHP) and HSS in a CBRN
environment to enhance mission success. This publication bridges
the gaps between Service and joint HSS publications. This
publication provides information for use by the component
commanders and their staffs, command surgeons, medical planners,
and individuals responsible for FHP and HSS in a CBRN environment.
Commanders have the direct responsibility for protecting their
forces within a CBRN environment. On future battlefields, failure
to properly plan and execute CBRN defensive operations may result
in significant casualties, disruption of operations, and even
mission degradation. Further, the commander's mission and execution
plans must address the implications of HSS in a CBRN environment.
This publication contains MTTPs relative to HSS in the following
specific areas: Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
aspect of HSS, Casualty prevention, Casualty care and management,
Patient movement, Patient decontamination, Veterinary service
support and food and water safety, Medical laboratory support,
Combat and operational stress control (COSC), Health service
logistic (HSL) support (HSLS), Homeland defense, Individual and
collective protection systems.
This Army and Marine Corps multiservice publication serves as
doctrinal reference for the employment of mortar squads, sections,
and platoons. It contains guidance on tactics and techniques that
mortar units use to execute their part of combat operations
described in battalion-, squadron-, troop-, and company-level
manuals. This publication also contains guidance on how a mortar
unit's fires and displacement are best planned and employed to
sustain a commander's intent for fire support. The target audience
of this publication includes mortar squad, section, and platoon
leaders, company and battalion commanders, battalion staff
officers, and all others responsible for controlling and
coordinating fire support during combined arms operations. Training
developers also use this manual as a source document for combat
critical tasks. Combat developers use this manual when refining and
revising operational concepts for Infantry and reconnaissance
mortar organizations. This publication serves as the primary
reference for both resident and nonresident mortar tactical
employment instruction. This publication is not intended to be used
alone. It is part of a set of doctrinal and training publications
that together provide the depth and detail necessary to train and
employ mortar units. Users must be familiar with appropriate
company- and battalion-level maneuver manuals as well as
mortar-related drills and collective tasks. When employing mortars,
Army and Marine Corps units use similar tactics and techniques.
However, the differences are few at the battalion command level and
below. Differences between the services' terms and definitions are
more apparent when introducing or discussing general subjects, such
as warfighting functions, tactical operations, and unit
organizations. Detailed explanations of these differences are
beyond the scope of this manual. They are, however, identified
where appropriate and different terms are combined when possible.
For example, sustainment/logistics is used to identify the Army's
sustainment and the Marine Corps' logistic functions.
This publication, "Multiservice Tactics, Technics and Procedures
for Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional
Military Chemical Injuries (FM 4-02.285)," provides multiservice
tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) and is designed for use
as a reference for trained members of the Armed Forces Medical
Services and other medically qualified personnel on the recognition
and treatment of chemical agent casualties and conventional
military chemical injuries. Additionally, this field manual (FM)
provides information on first aid (self-aid and buddy aid) and
enhanced first aid (combat lifesaver United States (US) Army]) for
these casualties. This publication classifies and describes
chemical warfare (CW) agents and other hazardous chemicals
associated with military operations and describes how to diagnose
and treat conventional military chemical injuries (that is, riot
control agents, smokes, incendiary agents, and other toxic
industrial chemicals TICs]). Further, this publication (1)
Describes procedures for recognizing chemical casualties (Appendix
A). (2) Describes measures for handling contaminated clothing and
equipment at medical treatment facilities (MTFs) (Appendix B). (3)
Describes medical management and treatment in chemical operations
(Appendix C). (4) Describes procedures for individual skin
protection and decontamination (Appendix D). (5) Describes
procedures for administering nerve agent antidotes (Appendix E).
(6) Provides an immediate/emergency treatment ready reference for
the treatment of CW agents and some TICs (Appendix F).
The intent of this publication, "UHF TACSAT/DAMA: Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Ultra High Frequency
Tactical Satellite and Demand Assigned Multiple Access Operations
(FM 6-02.90)," is to assist planners and users at the joint task
force, Service component, and other functional components by
providing an improved and unified process for planning, managing,
and using ultra high frequency (UHF) tactical satellite (TACSAT)
frequencies with special emphasis on maximizing the use of this
limited resource. Lessons learned and collected by Joint Staff J-6
from numerous joint operations identified significant problems with
planning and utilizing the limited number of UHF TACSAT
frequencies. Current methods and procedures based on use,
geography, channel size, demand access, and time have proved
difficult to integrate and require extensive manual tracking and
manipulation. These inefficiencies contribute to the shortage of
this critical command and control resource. This multi-Service
tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) publication consolidates
and standardizes Service tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)
for planning and executing UHF TACSAT frequency management
operations. It serves as a planning and execution guide and a
framework for coordination and synchronization consistent with
current Joint doctrine. Chapter I identifies key players in the
management of tactical satellite (TACSAT) resources and offers
critical guidance for the user to optimize this scarce resource.
The usage guidance centers on the need to consider other
communications capabilities before requesting access to TACSAT
resources. The chapter concludes with sections on TACSAT
capabilities, military standards, waveforms, and slave channels.
These sections include discussions of narrowband and wideband
channels, the utilization of dedicated and demand assigned multiple
access (DAMA) services, and descriptions of 5-kHz and 25-kHz
waveforms. Chapter II provides a detailed look at the
communications planning cycle of assessing force structure,
acquiring resources, managing resources, and issuing resources to
users. It discusses DAMA emission control, terminal base address
(TBA) management and precedence, common, and private networks, and
disadvantaged users. Chapter III provides techniques and procedures
for UHF TACSAT equipment and operations, TBA management, orderwire
(OW) key management, and communications security equipment. It also
provides samples of 5- and 25-kHz DAMA checklists, accessing
dedicated and DAMA channels. The equipment list provides the
planner with the capability to assess communications
interoperability of various elements in a Joint Task Force (JTF).
The point of contact list provides TACSAT users a means of
troubleshooting a variety of common problems with UHF TACSAT
operations. The appendices provide samples of checklists,
troubleshooting guides, and other planning resources.
This publication, "Risk Management - Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures," describes risk management functions
and responsibilities applicable to the joint task force (JTF) and
service staffs. It applies risk management planning procedures to
the military decision making process and employs the Joint
Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) for the operation
planning team. This publication provides a consolidated
multiservice reference addressing risk management background,
principles, and application procedures. To facilitate multiservice
interoperability, this publication identifies and explains the risk
management process and its differences and similarities as it is
applied by each service. Risk management is a process that assists
decision makers in reducing or offsetting risk (by systematically
identifying, assessing, and controlling risk arising from
operational factors) and making decisions that weigh risks against
mission benefits. Risk is an expression of a possible loss or
negative mission impact stated in terms of probability and
severity. The risk management process provides leaders and
individuals a method to assist in identifying the optimum course of
action (COA). Risk management must be fully integrated into
planning, preparation, and execution. Commanders are responsible
for the application of risk management in all military operations.
Risk management facilitates the mitigation of the risks of threats
to the force. For the purposes of this document, threat is defined
as a source of danger-any opposing force, condition, source, or
circumstance with the potential to negatively impact mission
accomplishment and/or degrade mission capability. Each of the
services uses similar but slightly different processes. This
publication provides a single process to enable warfighters from
different services to manage risk from a common perspective. Risk
management is useful in developing, deploying, and employing the
joint force. Development concerns force design, manpower
allocation, training development, and combat material developments.
Deploying and employing the joint force generates concerns in force
protection and balancing risk against resource constraints.
Military operations are inherently complex, dynamic, dangerous and,
by nature, involve the acceptance of risk. Because risk is often
related to gain, leaders weigh risk against the benefits to be
gained from an operation. The commander's judgment balances the
requirement for mission success with the inherent risks of military
operations. Leaders have always practiced risk management in
military decision making; however, the approach to risk management
and degree of success vary widely depending on the leader's level
of training and experience. Since the Korean conflict, United
States forces have suffered more losses from noncombat causes than
from enemy action. Key factors contributing to those losses
include-Rapidly changing operational environment; Fast-paced, high
operations tempo and high personnel tempo; Equipment failure,
support failure, and effects of the physical environment; Human
factors. The fundamental goal of risk management is to enhance
operational capabilities and mission accomplishment, with minimal
acceptable loss.
This Field Manual/Marine Corps warfighting publication,
"Counterinsurgency," establishes doctrine (fundamental principles)
for military operations in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment.
It is based on lessons learned from previous counterinsurgencies
and contemporary operations. It is also based on existing interim
doctrine and doctrine recently developed. Counterinsurgency
operations generally have been neglected in broader American
military doctrine and national security policies since the end of
the Vietnam War over 30 years ago. This manual is designed to
reverse that trend. It is also designed to merge traditional
approaches to COIN with the realities of a new international arena
shaped by technological advances, globalization, and the spread of
extremist ideologies-some of them claiming the authority of a
religious faith. The manual begins with a description of
insurgencies and counterinsurgencies. The first chapter includes a
set of principles and imperatives necessary for successful COIN
operations. Chapter 2 discusses nonmilitary organizations commonly
involved in COIN operations and principles for integrating military
and civilian activities. Chapter 3 addresses aspects of
intelligence specific to COIN operations. The next two chapters
discuss the design and execution of those operations. Developing
host-nation security forces, an essential aspect of successful COIN
operations, is the subject of chapter 6. Leadership and ethical
concerns are addressed in chapter 7. Chapter 8, which concerns
sustainment of COIN operations, concludes the basic manual. The
appendixes contain useful supplemental information. Appendix A
discusses factors to consider during the planning, preparation,
execution, and assessment of a COIN operation. Appendixes B and C
contain supplemental intelligence information. Appendix D addresses
legal concerns. Appendix E describes the role of airpower.
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