This publication, "Multiservice Tactics, Technics and Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries (FM 4-02.285)," provides multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) and is designed for use as a reference for trained members of the Armed Forces Medical Services and other medically qualified personnel on the recognition and treatment of chemical agent casualties and conventional military chemical injuries. Additionally, this field manual (FM) provides information on first aid (self-aid and buddy aid) and enhanced first aid (combat lifesaver United States (US) Army]) for these casualties. This publication classifies and describes chemical warfare (CW) agents and other hazardous chemicals associated with military operations and describes how to diagnose and treat conventional military chemical injuries (that is, riot control agents, smokes, incendiary agents, and other toxic industrial chemicals TICs]). Further, this publication (1) Describes procedures for recognizing chemical casualties (Appendix A). (2) Describes measures for handling contaminated clothing and equipment at medical treatment facilities (MTFs) (Appendix B). (3) Describes medical management and treatment in chemical operations (Appendix C). (4) Describes procedures for individual skin protection and decontamination (Appendix D). (5) Describes procedures for administering nerve agent antidotes (Appendix E). (6) Provides an immediate/emergency treatment ready reference for the treatment of CW agents and some TICs (Appendix F).

This Army and Marine Corps multiservice publication serves as doctrinal reference for the employment of mortar squads, sections, and platoons. It contains guidance on tactics and techniques that mortar units use to execute their part of combat operations described in battalion-, squadron-, troop-, and company-level manuals. This publication also contains guidance on how a mortar unit's fires and displacement are best planned and employed to sustain a commander's intent for fire support. The target audience of this publication includes mortar squad, section, and platoon leaders, company and battalion commanders, battalion staff officers, and all others responsible for controlling and coordinating fire support during combined arms operations. Training developers also use this manual as a source document for combat critical tasks. Combat developers use this manual when refining and revising operational concepts for Infantry and reconnaissance mortar organizations. This publication serves as the primary reference for both resident and nonresident mortar tactical employment instruction. This publication is not intended to be used alone. It is part of a set of doctrinal and training publications that together provide the depth and detail necessary to train and employ mortar units. Users must be familiar with appropriate company- and battalion-level maneuver manuals as well as mortar-related drills and collective tasks. When employing mortars, Army and Marine Corps units use similar tactics and techniques. However, the differences are few at the battalion command level and below. Differences between the services' terms and definitions are more apparent when introducing or discussing general subjects, such as warfighting functions, tactical operations, and unit organizations. Detailed explanations of these differences are beyond the scope of this manual. They are, however, identified where appropriate and different terms are combined when possible. For example, sustainment/logistics is used to identify the Army's sustainment and the Marine Corps' logistic functions.

This publication, "Risk Management - Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures," describes risk management functions and responsibilities applicable to the joint task force (JTF) and service staffs. It applies risk management planning procedures to the military decision making process and employs the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) for the operation planning team. This publication provides a consolidated multiservice reference addressing risk management background, principles, and application procedures. To facilitate multiservice interoperability, this publication identifies and explains the risk management process and its differences and similarities as it is applied by each service. Risk management is a process that assists decision makers in reducing or offsetting risk (by systematically identifying, assessing, and controlling risk arising from operational factors) and making decisions that weigh risks against mission benefits. Risk is an expression of a possible loss or negative mission impact stated in terms of probability and severity. The risk management process provides leaders and individuals a method to assist in identifying the optimum course of action (COA). Risk management must be fully integrated into planning, preparation, and execution. Commanders are responsible for the application of risk management in all military operations. Risk management facilitates the mitigation of the risks of threats to the force. For the purposes of this document, threat is defined as a source of danger-any opposing force, condition, source, or circumstance with the potential to negatively impact mission accomplishment and/or degrade mission capability. Each of the services uses similar but slightly different processes. This publication provides a single process to enable warfighters from different services to manage risk from a common perspective. Risk management is useful in developing, deploying, and employing the joint force. Development concerns force design, manpower allocation, training development, and combat material developments. Deploying and employing the joint force generates concerns in force protection and balancing risk against resource constraints. Military operations are inherently complex, dynamic, dangerous and, by nature, involve the acceptance of risk. Because risk is often related to gain, leaders weigh risk against the benefits to be gained from an operation. The commander's judgment balances the requirement for mission success with the inherent risks of military operations. Leaders have always practiced risk management in military decision making; however, the approach to risk management and degree of success vary widely depending on the leader's level of training and experience. Since the Korean conflict, United States forces have suffered more losses from noncombat causes than from enemy action. Key factors contributing to those losses include-Rapidly changing operational environment; Fast-paced, high operations tempo and high personnel tempo; Equipment failure, support failure, and effects of the physical environment; Human factors. The fundamental goal of risk management is to enhance operational capabilities and mission accomplishment, with minimal acceptable loss.

In support of theater missile defense (TMD) operations, this multiservice publication, "TMD IPB: Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (FM 3-01.160," provides detailed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) for conducting intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). TMD IPB reduces uncertainties regarding terrain, weather, and adversary capabilities to develop potential adversary courses of action. The 4-step IPB methodology detailed in this publication is based on Joint Publication 2-01.3, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace." This publication provides the intelligence analyst the tools to support commander and staff planning and decision making in the joint, combined and service levels by providing a systematic, continuous, and common methodology for analyzing the adversary theater missile force. The target audience for this publication is the intelligence analyst responsible for IPB development. It will also aid the joint force commander in planning and executing cohesive joint operations against theater missiles throughout the battlespace and be beneficial for sensor employment, collection management, target development, and force application.

The intent of this publication, "UHF TACSAT/DAMA: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Ultra High Frequency Tactical Satellite and Demand Assigned Multiple Access Operations (FM 6-02.90)," is to assist planners and users at the joint task force, Service component, and other functional components by providing an improved and unified process for planning, managing, and using ultra high frequency (UHF) tactical satellite (TACSAT) frequencies with special emphasis on maximizing the use of this limited resource. Lessons learned and collected by Joint Staff J-6 from numerous joint operations identified significant problems with planning and utilizing the limited number of UHF TACSAT frequencies. Current methods and procedures based on use, geography, channel size, demand access, and time have proved difficult to integrate and require extensive manual tracking and manipulation. These inefficiencies contribute to the shortage of this critical command and control resource. This multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) publication consolidates and standardizes Service tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) for planning and executing UHF TACSAT frequency management operations. It serves as a planning and execution guide and a framework for coordination and synchronization consistent with current Joint doctrine. Chapter I identifies key players in the management of tactical satellite (TACSAT) resources and offers critical guidance for the user to optimize this scarce resource. The usage guidance centers on the need to consider other communications capabilities before requesting access to TACSAT resources. The chapter concludes with sections on TACSAT capabilities, military standards, waveforms, and slave channels. These sections include discussions of narrowband and wideband channels, the utilization of dedicated and demand assigned multiple access (DAMA) services, and descriptions of 5-kHz and 25-kHz waveforms. Chapter II provides a detailed look at the communications planning cycle of assessing force structure, acquiring resources, managing resources, and issuing resources to users. It discusses DAMA emission control, terminal base address (TBA) management and precedence, common, and private networks, and disadvantaged users. Chapter III provides techniques and procedures for UHF TACSAT equipment and operations, TBA management, orderwire (OW) key management, and communications security equipment. It also provides samples of 5- and 25-kHz DAMA checklists, accessing dedicated and DAMA channels. The equipment list provides the planner with the capability to assess communications interoperability of various elements in a Joint Task Force (JTF). The point of contact list provides TACSAT users a means of troubleshooting a variety of common problems with UHF TACSAT operations. The appendices provide samples of checklists, troubleshooting guides, and other planning resources.

This publication, "Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environment (FM 4-02.7)," establishes doctrinal multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTPs) for health service support (HSS) units operating in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) and toxic industrial material (TIM) environment. It is the intent of this document to inform the combatant commanders (CCDRs), joint force commanders (JFCs), joint force medical commanders and medical planners, and component commanders and their staffs on the tools available to provide the best quality of force health protection (FHP) and HSS in a CBRN environment to enhance mission success. This publication bridges the gaps between Service and joint HSS publications. This publication provides information for use by the component commanders and their staffs, command surgeons, medical planners, and individuals responsible for FHP and HSS in a CBRN environment. Commanders have the direct responsibility for protecting their forces within a CBRN environment. On future battlefields, failure to properly plan and execute CBRN defensive operations may result in significant casualties, disruption of operations, and even mission degradation. Further, the commander's mission and execution plans must address the implications of HSS in a CBRN environment. This publication contains MTTPs relative to HSS in the following specific areas: Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear aspect of HSS, Casualty prevention, Casualty care and management, Patient movement, Patient decontamination, Veterinary service support and food and water safety, Medical laboratory support, Combat and operational stress control (COSC), Health service logistic (HSL) support (HSLS), Homeland defense, Individual and collective protection systems.

This Field Manual/Marine Corps warfighting publication, "Counterinsurgency," establishes doctrine (fundamental principles) for military operations in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment. It is based on lessons learned from previous counterinsurgencies and contemporary operations. It is also based on existing interim doctrine and doctrine recently developed. Counterinsurgency operations generally have been neglected in broader American military doctrine and national security policies since the end of the Vietnam War over 30 years ago. This manual is designed to reverse that trend. It is also designed to merge traditional approaches to COIN with the realities of a new international arena shaped by technological advances, globalization, and the spread of extremist ideologies-some of them claiming the authority of a religious faith. The manual begins with a description of insurgencies and counterinsurgencies. The first chapter includes a set of principles and imperatives necessary for successful COIN operations. Chapter 2 discusses nonmilitary organizations commonly involved in COIN operations and principles for integrating military and civilian activities. Chapter 3 addresses aspects of intelligence specific to COIN operations. The next two chapters discuss the design and execution of those operations. Developing host-nation security forces, an essential aspect of successful COIN operations, is the subject of chapter 6. Leadership and ethical concerns are addressed in chapter 7. Chapter 8, which concerns sustainment of COIN operations, concludes the basic manual. The appendixes contain useful supplemental information. Appendix A discusses factors to consider during the planning, preparation, execution, and assessment of a COIN operation. Appendixes B and C contain supplemental intelligence information. Appendix D addresses legal concerns. Appendix E describes the role of airpower.