Transformational Tourism deals with the important issue of how travel and tourism can change human behaviour and have a positive impact on the world. The book focuses on human development in a world dominated by post-9/11 security and political challenges, economic and financial collapses, as well as environmental threats; it identifies various types of tourism that can transform human beings, such as educational, volunteer, survival, community-based, eco, farm, extreme, religious, spiritual, wellness, and mission tourism.

"Transformational Tourism" deals with the important issue of how travel and tourism can change human behavior and have a positive impact on the world. The book focuses on human development in a world dominated by post-9/11 security and political challenges, economic and financial collapses, as well as environmental threats; it identifies various types of tourism that can transform human beings, such as educational, volunteer, survival, community-based, eco, farm, extreme, religious, spiritual, wellness, and mission tourism.

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: According to the "Focus" magazine approximately 13 million Germans contributed to the shadow economy in 2006 The estimations of Friedrich Schneider, one distinguished expert in this area, showed that the extent of the shadow economy in Germany in 2007 was about 349 billion Euros, which equals to 14.7 percent of Germany's gross domestic product (GDP) The scope of the present assignment is to provide an all-embracing and critical overview of the shadow economy, to introduce the main causes, effects and dimensions of the shadow economy and to find answer the question how shadow activities can be limited. In this context the hidden sector can be defined as all economic activities that are not recorded in the national accounts, but normally should be a part of them and be included in GDP. These actions can be on the one hand absolutely legal in the self-sufficient economy like do-it-your-self, neighbourhood help, but on the other hand completely illegal activities like dealing with drugs and smuggling as well as legal activities, which are illegally being carried out, e.g. tax evasion or illicit work. The main and most vital reasons for the existence and constant growth of the shadow economy are high taxes or social security contributions burden and the intensity of state regulations. But also sociological-psychological causes like subjective perception of tax burden, falling society values, a bad tax morale and declining loyalty towards the state can have a tremendous impact on the size of the hidden economy. But is the shadow economy a threat to the official sector? At first glance, the question whether the shadow economy is dangerous might appear strange. However, there are several controversial opinions about this matter. The analysis of the effects caused by the existence and the growth of the shadow economy i

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 2,3, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The main scope of this assignment is the valuation of the E.ON AG - a German based energy corporation, with about 88.000 employees and annual sales of about 69 billion Euros. It is one of the world's largest investor-owned energy service firms. The core activities of E.ON are the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as well as the transmission, storage and sale of natural gas. For the corporate evaluation of E.ON, the editor based his calculation on the two most common global evaluation approaches - the discounted cash flow (DCF) and the multiplier method. The DCF method estimates the value of a company by discounting expected cash flows in the future or determined period of time, similar to the value of an investment. For the assessment of the company value, the entity and equity DCF method with an assumed constant growth rate between 1.5 and 3 percent, have been utilized. For the validation of the calculated DCF corporate values the multiplier method was executed as second evaluation method based on Price-Earnings, Price-Book value and Price-Turnover ratios. For the necessary peer-group, the authors selected the other three big players RWE, EnBW and Vattenfall, which form an oligopoly market in Germany. Including E.ON they own more than 70 percent of German energy infrastructure and have a market share of about 95 percent. The calculation of the different entity and equity based discounted cash flows and P/E, P/B and P/T ratios resulted in a wide range of corporate values between 73 billion and 146 billion Euros. Finally, the average corporate value of the E.ON AG was determined at approximately 109 billion Euros.