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Food security-consistent access to enough food for an active,
healthy life-is essential for health and good nutrition. The extent
to which a nation's population achieves food security is an
indication of its material and social well-being. Differences in
the prevalence of household-level food insecurity between Canada
and the United States are described at the national level and for
selected economic and demographic subpopulations. Associations of
food security with economic and demographic characteristics are
examined in multivariate analyses that hold other characteristics
constant. Comparable measures of household food security were
calculated from the nationally representative Canadian Community
Health Survey Cycle 2.2 (2004) and the U.S. Current Population
Survey Food Security Supplement (2003-05). Based on the standard
U.S. methodology, the percentage of the population living in
households classified as food insecure was lower in Canada (7.0
percent) than in the United States (12.6 percent). The difference
was greater for the percentage of children living in food-insecure
households (8.3 percent vs. 17.9 percent) than for adults (6.6
percent vs. 10.8 percent). These differences primarily reflected
different prevalence rates of food insecurity for Canadian and U.S.
households with similar demographic and economic characteristics.
Differences in population composition on measured economic and
demographic characteristics account for only about 15 to 30 percent
of the overall Canada-U.S. difference.
Eighty-four percent of U.S. households with children were food
secure throughout 2007, meaning that they had consistent access to
adequate food for active, healthy lives for all household members.
Nearly 16 percent of households with children were food insecure
sometime during the year, including 8.3 percent in which children
were food insecure and 0.8 percent in which one or more children
experienced very low food security-the most severe food-insecure
condition measured by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Numerous
studies suggest that children in food-insecure households have
higher risks of health and development problems than children in
otherwise similar food-secure households. This study found that
about 85 percent of households with food-insecure children had a
working adult, including 70 percent with a full-time worker. Fewer
than half of households with food-insecure children included an
adult educated past high school. Thus, job opportunities and wage
rates for less educated workers are important factors affecting the
food security of children. In 2007, Federal food and nutrition
assistance programs provided benefits to four out of five
low-income, food-insecure households with children.
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