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Much hype has been generated about the importance of innovation for
public and private sector organisations. Regulatory Innovation
offers the first detailed study of regulatory innovation in a
multiplicity of countries and domains. This book draws on in-depth
studies of innovation in regulatory instruments and practices
across high- and low-technology sectors, across different countries
and from the early to the late 20th century. Highlighting different
'worlds' of regulatory innovation - those of the individual, the
organization, the state, the global polity, and innovation itself,
this book offers a fresh perspective and valuable insights for the
practice and study of regulatory innovation. The explicit
comparative focus of the case studies and the 'worlds of regulatory
innovation' approach make this book essential reading for academic
researchers and students interested in regulation.
There is a growing interest in delegation to non-majoritarian
institutions in Europe, following both the spread of
principal-agent theory in political science and law and increasing
delegation in practice. During the 1980s and 1990s, governments and
parliaments in West European nations have delegated powers and
functions to non-majoritarian bodies - the EU, independent central
banks, constitutional courts and independent regulatory agencies.
Whereas elected policymakers had been increasing their roles over
several decades, delegation involves a remarkable reversal or at
least transformation of their position. This volume examines key
issues about the politics of delegation: how and why delegation has
taken place; the institutional design of delegation to
non-majoritarian institutions; the consequences of delegation to
non-majoritarian institutions; the legitimacy of non-majoritarian
institutions. The book addresses these questions both theoretically
and empirically, looking at central areas of political life -
central banking, the EU, the increasing role of courts and the
establishment and impacts of independent regulatory agencies.
This book examines the construction of the EU's political identity
(or identities), variations in its strength, and the nature of its
content. Drawing on studies both on European nation-state formation
and on the EU's identity, the chapters take a top-down approach and
analyse how EU institutions in different major policy domains have
themselves sought to create political identity through policy
making. The authors define the construction of EU political
identity and set out empirically applicable indicators to assess
political identity in policy making. They analyse the construction
of identity through a process-oriented approach that explicitly
includes contestation and the existence of rival political
identities. Comparing across policy domains, the contributions
suggest that the ability of EU institutions to construct an EU
political identity has been limited not only by existing national
identities but also by the coexistence of rival EU political
identities within policy domains. Hence, it has been difficult for
EU institutions to establish a strong identity, with identity being
strongest where there are clear external alternatives and limited
rival identities within the EU.
Political economy debates have focused on the internationalisation
of private capital, but foreign states increasingly enter domestic
markets as financial investors. How do policy makers in recipient
countries react? Do they treat purchases as a threat and impose
restrictions or see them as beneficial and welcome them? What are
the wider implications for debates about state capacities to govern
domestic economies in the face of internationalisation of financial
markets? In response, Foreign States in Domestic Markets have
developed the concept of 'internationalised statism', where
governments welcome the use of foreign state investments to govern
their domestic economies. These foreign state investments are
applied to the most prominent overseas state investors, Sovereign
Wealth Funds (SWFs). Many SWFs are from Asia and the Middle East
and their number and size have greatly expanded, reaching $9
trillion by 2020. This book examines policies towards non-Western
SWFs buying company shares in four countries: the US, UK, France,
and Germany. Although the US has imposed significant legal
restrictions, the others have pursued internationalised statism in
ways that are surprising given both popular and political economy
classifications. This book argues that the policy patterns found
are related to domestic politics, notably the preferences and
capacities of the political executive and legislature, rather than
solely economic needs or national security risks. The phenomenon of
internationalised statism underlines that overseas state investment
provides policy makers in recipient states with new allies and
resources. The study of SWFs shows that internationalisation and
liberalisation of financial markets offer national policy makers
opportunities to govern their domestic economies.
Much hype has been generated about the importance of innovation for
public and private sector organisations. Regulatory Innovation
offers the first detailed study of regulatory innovation in a
multiplicity of countries and domains. This book draws on in-depth
studies of innovation in regulatory instruments and practices
across high- and low-technology sectors, across different countries
and from the early to the late 20th century. Highlighting different
'worlds' of regulatory innovation - those of the individual, the
organization, the state, the global polity, and innovation itself,
this book offers a fresh perspective and valuable insights for the
practice and study of regulatory innovation. The explicit
comparative focus of the case studies and the 'worlds of regulatory
innovation' approach make this book essential reading for academic
researchers and students interested in regulation.
Public utilities constitute a large section of Europe' economy, and
they have historically been at the centre of national states and
their industrial strategies. However, the recent creation of the
single market and the liberalisation of European utility sectors
have resulted in an expansion of EU/EC economic regulation. This
book examines the interaction among the economic and political
actors and raises questions regarding the format regulation. The
chapters discuss the history of utilities reform, assess the nature
of the changes, and address the issues of institutional
modification. Four themes emerge from the collection -- the
characteristics of Europe-wide reform, the nature of national
variance, cross-sectional variations, and the institutional
arrangements that can emerge to accommodate the regulatory regime.
Why have neo-liberal economic ideas been so resilient since the
1980s, despite major intellectual challenges, crippling financial
and political crises, and failure to deliver on their promises? Why
do they repeatedly return, not only to survive but to thrive? This
groundbreaking book proposes five lines of analysis to explain the
dynamics of both continuity and change in neo-liberal ideas: the
flexibility of neo-liberalism's core principles; the gaps between
neo-liberal rhetoric and reality; the strength of neo-liberal
discourse in debates; the power of interests in the strategic use
of ideas; and the force of institutions in the embedding of
neo-liberal ideas. The book's highly distinguished group of authors
shows how these possible explanations apply across the most
important domains - fiscal policy, the role of the state, welfare
and labour markets, regulation of competition and financial
markets, management of the Euro, and corporate governance - in the
European Union and across European countries.
Why have neo-liberal economic ideas been so resilient since the
1980s, despite major intellectual challenges, crippling financial
and political crises, and failure to deliver on their promises? Why
do they repeatedly return, not only to survive but to thrive? This
groundbreaking book proposes five lines of analysis to explain the
dynamics of both continuity and change in neo-liberal ideas: the
flexibility of neo-liberalism's core principles; the gaps between
neo-liberal rhetoric and reality; the strength of neo-liberal
discourse in debates; the power of interests in the strategic use
of ideas; and the force of institutions in the embedding of
neo-liberal ideas. The book's highly distinguished group of authors
shows how these possible explanations apply across the most
important domains - fiscal policy, the role of the state, welfare
and labour markets, regulation of competition and financial
markets, management of the Euro, and corporate governance - in the
European Union and across European countries.
This book examines when, how, and why internationalization affects
national economic institutions. It confronts questions at the heart
of debates in political economy and comparative politics: What does
internationalization of markets mean? Who are its carriers in
domestic arenas? Through which mechanisms does it affect decisions
about national institutional reform? What are the patterns of
institutional outcomes in the face of internationalization?
To respond to its questions, the book looks at developments in five
strategic sectors: securities trading, telecommunications,
electricity, airlines, and postal services. It compares four
countries, each representing a different 'variety of capitalism',
namely Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, over the period between
1965 and 2005. Thus it combines cross-national, historical, and
cross-sectoral comparisons.
The author distinguishes technological and economic forms of
internationalization from policy forms, namely regulatory change in
powerful overseas nations and by the EU. He shows that, contrary to
expectations, the first made little impact, whereas regulatory
reforms by the US, Britain, and the EU, undermined long-standing
national institutions. They did so by aiding governments to build
and lead reform coalitions, through increasing fears of regulatory
competition, offering occasions for reconsideration of existing
institutions and providing legitimation for new ones. Whilst the
impacts of policy forms of internationalization varied across
nations, giving rise to diverse reform paths, the overall
institutional outcomes were that all four countries adopted
increasingly similar reforms of economic institutions.
This book rejects the view that technological and economic forms of
internationalization drive institutional change in and of
themselves. Instead it shows that policy forms of
internationalization are influential because they become part of
domestic decision making and thereby spur reform, even of
deeply-entrenched national institutions.
Since the early 1990s, Europe's economies have been facing several
new challenges: the single market programme, the collapse of the
Berlin wall and eastward enlargement, and monetary unification.
Building on the influential Varieties of Capitalism (VoC)
perspective, first elaboarted in detail in the book Varieties of
Capitalism (OUP, 2001), this book critically analyzes these
developments in the European political economy and their effects on
the continental European economies.
Leading political economists from Europe and the US debate how VoC
can help understand the political-economic challenges that Europe
is facing today and how understanding these new challenges can in
turn enrich and enhance the VoC perspective.
Thematically, the contributions to this volume are organized in
four sections:
* how the macro-economics of EMU have influenced different
European models of capitalism,
* how the Single Market programme was received in the different
institutional regimes in European capitalism,
* how welfare and labor market reforms are debated and
implemented,
* how European capitalism travelled east after 1989.
Preceding this is a spirited defence of the VoC approach by Peter
Hall, and an introduction from the volume editors, considering the
approach, and proposing extensions and amendments. This book
demonstrates that the VoC approach remains, as the editors put it
in their introduction, a rich seam to mine, capable of
accommodating new developments, and theoretically flexible enough
to produce new and innovative hypotheses and arguments.
This book examines when, how and why internationalization affects
national economic institutions. It confronts questions at the heart
of debates in political economy and comparative politics: What does
internationalization of markets mean? Who are its carriers in
domestic arenas? Through which mechanisms does it affect decisions
about national institutional reform? What are institutional
outcomes in the face of internationalization?
The book responds to its questions by looking at key economic
institutions in five strategic sectors: securities trading,
telecommunications, electricity, airlines, and postal services. It
compares across four countries that represent different 'varieties
of capitalism', namely Britain, France, Germany and Italy, over the
period between 1965 and 2005. Thus it combines cross-national,
historical and cross-sectoral comparisons.
The author distinguishes technological and economic forms of
internationalization from policy forms, notably decisions in
powerful overseas nations and supranational regulation. He argues
that, contrary to expectations, the first was met with
institutional inertia. In contrast, policy forms of
internationalization, namely reforms in the US and European Union
regulation, played significant roles in undermining long-standing
national institutions. The book explores the mechanisms whereby
policy forms of internationalization were influential by looking at
the strategies, coalitions and resources of key actors in national
arenas. It also shows that institutional outcomes were surprising:
all four countries, albeit through different routes, adopted
increasingly similar reforms of economic
institutions--privatization, the ending ofmonopolies and delegation
to independent regulatory agencies.
The book rejects the view that technological and economic forms of
internationalization drive institutional change. It suggests that
policy forms of internationalization are more important because
they become part of domestic decision making and aid the reform of
well-established national institutions.
Since the early 1990s, Europe's economies have been facing several
new challenges: the 1992 single market programme, the collapse of
the Berlin wall and eastward enlargement, and monetary unification.
Building on the influential Varieties of Capitalism (VoC)
perspective, first elaboarted in detail in the book Varieties of
Capitalism OUP, 2001), this book critically analyzes these
developments in the European political economy and their effects on
the continental European economies.
Leading political economists from Europe and the US debate how VoC
can help understand the political-economic challenges that Europe
is facing today and how understanding these new challenges can in
turn enrich and enhance the VoC perspective. Thematically, the
contributions to this volume are organised in four sections:
* how the macro-economics of EMU influenced different European
models of capitalism,
* how the Single Market programme was received in the different
institutional regimes in European capitalism,
* how welfare and labour market reforms are debated and
implemented,
* how European capitalism travelled east after 1989.
Preceding this is a spirited defence of the VoC approach by Peter
Hall, and an introduction from the volume editors, considering the
approach, and proposing extensions and amendments. This book
demonstrates that the VoC approach remains, as the editors put it
in their introduction, a rich seam to mine, capable of
accommodating new developments, and theoretically flexible enough
to branch out into new arguments.
This book examines and compares policy making in telecommunications in Britain and France over the last three decades. The book examines questions related to liberalization, regulation and the role of the nation state in an increasingly international economy.
There is a growing interest in delegation to non-majoritarian
institutions in Europe, following both the spread of
principal-agent theory in political science and law and increasing
delegation in practice. During the 1980s and 1990s, governments and
parliaments in West European nations have delegated powers and
functions to non-majoritarian bodies - the EU, independent central
banks, constitutional courts and independent regulatory agencies.
Whereas elected policymakers had been increasing their roles over
several decades, delegation involves a remarkable reversal or at
least transformation of their position. This volume examines key
issues about the politics of delegation: how and why delegation has
taken place; the institutional design of delegation to
non-majoritarian institutions; the consequences of delegation to
non-majoritarian institutions; the legitimacy of non-majoritarian
institutions. The book addresses these questions both theoretically
and empirically, looking at central areas of political life -
central banking, the EU, the increasing role of courts and the
establishment and impacts of independent regulatory agencies.
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