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Europe has become a dominant frame for the generation, regulation
and perception of social inequalities. This trend was solidified by
the current economic crisis, which is characterised by increasing
inequalities between central and peripheral countries and groups.
By analysing the double polarisation between winners and losers of
the crisis; the segmentation of labour markets; and the perceived
quality of life in Europe, this book contributes to a better
understanding of patterns and dynamics of inequality in an
integrated Europe.The contributions from experts in the field offer
a multi-level perspective. They explore links between objective
inequalities and subjective perceptions and frames of reference.
They combine the analysis of growing inequalities between different
social groups and between central and peripheral countries.
Analysis of unemployment and income inequality is based on
European-wide micro datasets and the editor argues for both
European and national frames of reference for analysis of
unemployment and income inequality. Offering new insights on the
increasing unemployment and income inequalities in Europe before
and during the current financial and Eurozone crisis this is a
vital text. Anyone interested in the challenges of social cohesion
in Europe will find this book a rich, innovative resource.
Contributors include: F. Buttler, M. Heidenreich, C. Ingensiep, S.
Israel, J. Preunkert, C. Reimann,
Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open
Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license.
https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780815392774+_oachapter8.pdf
European integration has transformed the social life of European
citizens. Daily life and work no longer take place primarily in a
local and national context, but increasingly in a European and
transnational frame - a process of 'horizontal Europeanisation'
which, while increasing the life chances of European citizens, also
brings about conflicts among them. This book focuses on processes
of Europeanisation in the academic, bureaucratic, professional and
associational field, as well as on the Europeanisation of
solidarity, networks and social inequalities. Drawing on detailed
empirical studies and attending to the reinforcement of
centre-periphery structures in Europe, it analyses the dynamics of
horizontal Europeanisation processes, highlighting the crucial role
of national practices and perceptions in a transnational context,
as well as the related conflicts between the winners and losers in
this process. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology and
political science with interests in European integration, social
change and social stratification.
Though the importance for social outcomes of improved local
coordination of social and employment policies is widely
acknowledged, it has to date been the object of only limited
research in comparative welfare state studies. Based on detailed
and systematic empirical research in 18 localities across six
European countries, this innovative volume begins to redress this
imbalance. The novel insights it offers into the complex
determinants of effective policy coordination in contrasting
national and local contexts will be of great interest to scholars
and policy makers alike.' - Daniel Clegg, The University of
Edinburgh, UK'This edited volume, based on internationally
comparative research, provides a valuable contribution to the
growing body of academic literature on the local governance of
social and employment policies. Through national case study as well
as comparative chapters, the book takes up the challenging task of
investigating the complex processes of coordinating various
politico-administrative levels, a variety of private and public
actors, and diverse policy fields, focusing specifically on how
these processes take shape at the local level.' - Rik van Berkel,
Utrecht School of Governance, the Netherlands 'Activation has been
the latest leit motiv of labour market policies since the Nineties.
Activation measures require extensive coordination across levels of
government, service providers and administrative agencies operating
in different sectors. This volume provides an excellent empirical
analysis of six European countries, highlighting the light and
shadows of real-world activation experiences at the local level.
The authors provide precious insights not only for welfare state
scholars, but also for policy makers faced with the challenge of
modernizing work and welfare through a more effective governance.'
- Maurizio Ferrera, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy A
central goal of European activation policies is to provide coherent
and actively inclusive employment and social services. This book
offers new insights on the effective governance and implementation
of such policies. Utilizing empirical studies from six European
welfare states, expert contributors explore how different
institutional contexts influence localized service delivery and how
local authorities deal with the associated coordination challenges.
Acknowledging that neither decentralization nor provider networks
necessarily prevent fragmented service provision, Martin
Heidenreich and Deborah Rice illustrate that an understanding of
the European budgetary context, as well as individual network
brokerage, is vital for a successful integration of employment and
social policies at the local level. Timely and engaging, this
innovative book will provide new theoretical perspectives and
invaluable empirical materials for academics and students in the
field of comparative social policy. Policy makers and officials
will also appreciate the editors' practical approach. Contributors:
P. Aurich-Beerheide, M. Bassoli, T. Berthet, C. Bourgeois, S.L.
Catalano, V. Fuertes, C. Garsten, P.R. Graziano, M. Heidenreich, K.
Hollertz, K. Jacobsson, S. Mandes, R. McQuaid, D. Rice, K.
Sztandar-Sztanderska, K. Tourne Languin, K. Zimmermann
Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open
Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license at:
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780815392774 European
integration has transformed the social life of European citizens.
Daily life and work no longer take place primarily in a local and
national context, but increasingly in a European and transnational
frame - a process of 'horizontal Europeanisation' which, while
increasing the life chances of European citizens, also brings about
conflicts among them. This book focuses on processes of
Europeanisation in the academic, bureaucratic, professional and
associational field, as well as on the Europeanisation of
solidarity, networks and social inequalities. Drawing on detailed
empirical studies and attending to the reinforcement of
centre-periphery structures in Europe, it analyses the dynamics of
horizontal Europeanisation processes, highlighting the crucial role
of national practices and perceptions in a transnational context,
as well as the related conflicts between the winners and losers in
this process. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology and
political science with interests in European integration, social
change and social stratification.
The crucial actors of a global knowledge-based economy are
multinational enterprises (MNEs). MNEs depend on the embeddedness
in an institutional framework; their competitive advantage depends
on the cross-border utilisation of regional and national
capabilities. The innovativeness of a company is therefore based
also on regional innovation systems. Multinational Enterprises and
Innovation contributes to a better understanding of the
interconnectedness between organisational and regional learning. On
the basis of case studies in Germany and France, this volume
investigates how MNEs cope with technical, economic and
institutional uncertainties by drawing upon the complementary
strengths of organisational and regional networks in national and
European contexts. The book links two theoretical debates which are
currently still largely disconnected -- the debate on learning
processes in MNEs and the debate on the regional bases of
innovativeness and competitiveness -- answering the question of how
the internationalisation of R&D is reconciled with regional
competences.
This book examines how and to what extent the European Employment
Strategy and the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) on Social
Protection and Social Inclusion have influenced national labour
market and social welfare policies. Focusing on the implementation
of the OMC in different national environments, this book examines
how the proposals and targets of the OMC are interpreted and
implemented within the context of existing national employment and
welfare regimes. At a theoretical level and on the basis of
national case studies, the book considers how OMC objectives,
guidelines, targets, and recommendations may reshape the domestic
institutional framework, how learning and participation of
governmental bodies are organized across different hierarchical
levels, and how non-state actors may be involved in the formulation
and implementation of national reform plans. The authors conclude
that the OMC has contributed significantly to both substantive and
procedural reforms, in spite of the many institutional barriers to
Europeanization in this policy area. Featuring comparative case
studies across a number of European states, this book will be of
interest to students and scholars of sociology, political science,
public policy, and international relations.
The crucial actors of a global knowledge-based economy are
multinational enterprises (MNE). At the same time, the competences
in the country and even in the region where the headquarters are
located still play a crucial role for the localisation of R&D.
MNEs depend on the embeddedness in an institutional framework,
since their competitive advantage in the world-wide competition
depends crucially on the cross-border utilisation of regional and
national capabilities. Complementary to transnational networks, the
innovativeness of a company is therefore based also on regional
innovation systems. Multinational Enterprises and Innovation
contributes to a better understanding of the interconnectedness
between organisational and regional learning. On the basis of case
studies in Germany and France, we investigate how MNEs cope with
technical, economic and institutional uncertainties by drawing upon
the complementary strengths of organisational and regional networks
in national and European contexts. Thus, the book links two
theoretical debates which are currently still largely unconnected
-- the debate on learning processes in MNEs and the debate on the
regional bases of innovativeness and competitiveness. In this way,
we try to answer the question how the observed internationalisation
of R&D is reconciled with the crucial role of domestic
locations and regional competences.
This book examines how and to what extent the European
Employment Strategy and the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) on
Social Protection and Social Inclusion have influenced national
labour market and social welfare policies.
Focusing on the implementation of the OMC in different national
environments, this book examines how the proposals and targets of
the OMC are interpreted and implemented within the context of
existing national employment and welfare regimes. At a theoretical
level and on the basis of national case studies, the book considers
how OMC objectives, guidelines, targets, and recommendations may
reshape the domestic institutional framework, how learning and
participation of governmental bodies are organized across different
hierarchical levels, and how non-state actors may be involved in
the formulation and implementation of national reform plans. The
authors conclude that the OMC has contributed significantly to both
substantive and procedural reforms, in spite of the many
institutional barriers to Europeanization in this policy area.
Featuring comparative case studies across a number of European
states, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of
sociology, political science, public policy, and international
relations.
Contents: Part 1. Introduction 1. Evolution of Regional Innovation Systems - Emergence, Theory, Challenge for Action. Part 2. Informal and Market-Driven Coordination: Grassroots Between Local and Global Reach 2. The Remarkable Resilience of the Industrial Districts of Tuscany 3. South-East Brabant: A Regional Innovation System in Transition 4. The Catalan Regional System of Innovation: Governing Fast Changes 5. The Regional Innovation System in Ontario 6. From Silicon Valley to Hollywood: Growth and Development of the Multimedia Industry in California. Part 3. Network-Like Governances: Driving Forces, Modes of Cohesion, and Means of Regional Polity 7. The Regionalization of the Finnish Innovation System: Pirkanmaa as a Case in Point 8. Learning in the Village Economy of Denmark: The Role of Institutions and Policy in Sustaining Competitiveness 9. The Production and Innovation Regime of Baden-Württemberg: Between Past Successes and New Challenges 10. Global Clustering and Regional Innovation: Systemic Integration in Wales 11. Industrial Clusters and the Governance of Change: Lessons from North-Rhine Westfalia (NRW). Part 4. The Leviathan Approach: Steering Innovation and Growth in Interregional Contexts by the State 12. Regional Innovation Systems in Japan: The Case of Tohoku 13. Do Regions Make a Difference? The Case of Science and Technology Policies in Québec 14. Regional Innovation Systems and Global Markets: The Midi-Pyrénées Benchmark 15. Innovative Milieu and Cooperative Networks: State Initiatives and Partnership for Restructuring in Singapore. Part 5. Conclusion -- Perspectives Governance Structures -- Persistency of Collective Orders and the Challenge of Local Learning in a Globalized World. Index.
Contents: Part 1. Introduction 1. Evolution of Regional Innovation Systems - Emergence, Theory, Challenge for Action. Part 2. Informal and Market-Driven Coordination: Grassroots Between Local and Global Reach 2. The Remarkable Resilience of the Industrial Districts of Tuscany 3. South-East Brabant: A Regional Innovation System in Transition 4. The Catalan Regional System of Innovation: Governing Fast Changes 5. The Regional Innovation System in Ontario 6. From Silicon Valley to Hollywood: Growth and Development of the Multimedia Industry in California. Part 3. Network-Like Governances: Driving Forces, Modes of Cohesion, and Means of Regional Polity 7. The Regionalization of the Finnish Innovation System: Pirkanmaa as a Case in Point 8. Learning in the Village Economy of Denmark: The Role of Institutions and Policy in Sustaining Competitiveness 9. The Production and Innovation Regime of Baden-Württemberg: Between Past Successes and New Challenges 10. Global Clustering and Regional Innovation: Systemic Integration in Wales 11. Industrial Clusters and the Governance of Change: Lessons from North-Rhine Westfalia (NRW). Part 4. The Leviathan Approach: Steering Innovation and Growth in Interregional Contexts by the State 12. Regional Innovation Systems in Japan: The Case of Tohoku 13. Do Regions Make a Difference? The Case of Science and Technology Policies in Québec 14. Regional Innovation Systems and Global Markets: The Midi-Pyrénées Benchmark 15. Innovative Milieu and Cooperative Networks: State Initiatives and Partnership for Restructuring in Singapore. Part 5. Conclusion -- Perspectives Governance Structures -- Persistency of Collective Orders and the Challenge of Local Learning in a Globalized World. Index.
Multinational companies are crucial actors in a global
knowledge-based economy, combining the advantages of global and
locally coordinated production and innovation strategies with
specific regional and national factors. This book questions how
MNCs can best exploit institutionally embedded knowledge, explores
the utilization of external institutionally embedded knowledge in
corporate innovation processes, and addresses the challenges of
embeddedness. The expert contributors draw on managerial, economic,
geographic and sociological perspectives to explore the essential
roles of regional and national knowledge infrastructures and the
cultural and political environment of MNCs. They build upon,
update, and extend the discussion on the regional and national
embeddedness of MNCs with new country case studies and comparative
analyses, focusing on the relationship between innovation in
companies and regional studies. Significantly, the book also
establishes a link between two important debates that have hitherto
been largely disconnected: regional studies and international
business studies separately address issues that fall within the
scope of the book, but do not provide an integrated analysis of the
embeddedness of MNCs. This path-breaking book goes some way to fill
this gap in the literature and as such, will prove invaluable to
academics, R&D managers, regional policy makers and students
with an interest in international business, business economics,
regional studies and organization studies. Contributors: P.
Ahrweiler, B.T. Asheim, E. Baier, C. Barmeyer, P. Cooke, J.R. Diez,
B. Ebersberger, N. Gilbert, J. Guimon, B. Hancke, M. Heidenreich,
S.J. Herstad, S. Iammarino, B. Klement, K. Koschatzky, J.-P.
Kramer, K. Kruth, E. Marinelli, J. Mattes, R. Narula, A. Pyka, D.
Rehfeld, M. Schilperoord, OE. Soelvell, S. Strambach
Die europaische Integration fuhrte insbesondere seit den 1990er
Jahren zu einer grundlegenden Transformation der sozialen
Beziehungen und der Lebenssituation der Menschen in Europa. Wahrend
sich das Leben der Menschen in der Nachkriegszeit vorrangig im
Rahmen von Nationalstaaten abspielte, geht die Offnung
nationalstaatlicher Raume mit einer zunehmenden
grenzuberschreitenden Verflechtung und einer starkeren
transnationalen Integration sozialer Interaktionen, Einstellungen
und Deutungen einher. Nicht nur Politik und Wirtschaft, sondern
auch die europaischen Gesellschaften sind in den letzten
Jahrzehnten sehr eng zusammengewachsen. Dieses transnationale
Vergesellschaftungsmuster ist eine der Ursachen fur die spezifische
Form der Finanzmarkt- und Wahrungskrise, die Europa seit 2008
erschuttert. In diesem Sammelband prasentieren 12 der
profiliertesten Europaforscher aus dem In- und Ausland ihre
aktuellen Arbeiten zur Krise innerhalb Europas und entwickeln dabei
eigenstandige soziologische Perspektiven. "
Bereichsubergreifende Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme sind
ein zentraler Pfeiler der aktuellen industriellen
Restrukturierungsprozesse. Diese Technologien sind ein
Kristallisationspunkt fur neue Formen der System- und
Sozialintegration, die auf Vertrauen und Kontrolle beruhen. Die
neuen Integrationsmuster werden in langwierigen mikropolitischen
und mikrokulturellen Aushandlungsprozessen sozial konstruiert - ein
Prozess, der auch von nationalen Arbeits- und Managementkulturen
gepragt wird. Auf der Grundlage von elf Fallstudien in der
franzosischen, italienischen und westdeutschen Bekleidungs- und
Elektronikindustrie konnen expertokratisch-zentralistische und
dezentral-partizipative Informatisierungskonzepte unterschieden
werden. Die beschriebenen nationalen Muster betrieblicher
Steuerungskonzepte konnen durch unterschiedliche
Strukturierungsformen technischen Wissens und durch
unterschiedliche Muster industrieller Beziehungen erklart werden."
Die Autoren geben einen breiten Uberblick uber Methoden und
Ergebnisse der international vergleichenden arbeits- und
organisationssoziologischen Forschung gegeben - ein Gebiet, das
gerade vor dem Hintergrund der ost- und westeuropaischen
Integrationsprozesse in Zukunft noch starker an Bedeutung gewinnen
wird. Die siebzehn hier veroffentlichten Originalbeitrage stutzen
sich auf massgebliche Untersuchungen und wichtige Debatten im
angelsachsischen, franzosischen und deutschen Sprachraum."
Mit dem Einsatz von IuK-Technologien werden in den Unternehmen neue
Schranken und Chancen der Nutzung von Arbeitskraft deutlich.
Betriebliche Interessenpolitik muss angesichts der systematischen
Vernetzung von neuen Technologien einen grundlegenden Wandel
vollziehen: von der nachsorgenden zur vorbeugenden
Interessenvertretung und von der primaren Orientierung an einer
Schutzfunktion zur zunehmenden Ubernahme von
Gestaltungsfunktion.Auf der Grundlage von zwolf Betriebsfallstudien
zum Einsatz von mikroelektrisch gestutzter IuK-Technologie in
mehreren Branchen werden Forschungsbefunde zur aktuellen Diskussion
der betriebspolitischen Aspekte sog. "systemischer
Rationalisierung" vorgestellt."
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