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This volume contains selected papers presented at the Sendai
International Sympo sium on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of
Cardiovascular Regulation held from May 10-12, 1995, to honor the
contributions ofProfessorNorio Taira, Chairman of the Department of
Pharmacology (1972-1995), Tohoku University School of Medicine,
Sendai, Japan. The Department of Pharmacology at Sendai has a long
tradition of significant contribution to the development of drug
therapy for cardiovascular diseases. The late Professor Koroku
Hashimoto, the predecessor of Professor Norio Taira, first
suggested the mode of action of calcium antagonists and their
potential usefulness in therapy of ischemic heart disease and
hypertension at an early stage of their development. The need for
greater understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular dis
eases is more critical now than ever before because modern advances
in basic and clinical sciences have prolonged the average life
expectancy. Using a wide range of molecular and
electrophysiological techniques, major advances are occurring
frequently in the field of cardiovascular physiology and
pharmacology. Such multifaceted approaches are preferred because
human cardiovascular diseases are complex, requiring multiple
interventions and an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms
underlying the disease. The first section of this book focuses on
molecular mechanisms of ion channel regulation. Eight of ten
chapters in this section are devoted to the recent advances in
molecular characterization and regulation of various types of
potassium channels in cardiac, vascular, and neuronal tissues. A
discussion of the structure and function of sodium and calcium
channels is also included."
Understanding the molecular processes by which ionic channels are
regulated is central to the understanding of cellular function.
Great advances in understanding these regulatory mechanisms have
been recently achieved by the combination of several powerful
techniques. Development of the patch clamp technique, ability to
access the intracellular channels sites, and genetic manipulation
of channel structure have allowed studies of channel function in
native membranes. Cloning, sequencing and determining the channel
structure and its subunits allows further insight into the
regulatory mechanisms of channel function. In planning this
symposium, we organized the scientific discussions around specific
molecular topics independent of the tissue and species of origin.
Clearly, the subject of ion channel regulation is multi-faceted,
with a large number of very talented scientists working in the
field. The NATO Symposium represented an attempt to bring together
these individuals and synthesize and evaluate new ideas and
experimental findings. A great deal of novel data was presented,
and scientific insight into the molecular processes which regulate
ionic channels was furthered. This book gives a synopsis of the
scientific presentations and is organized into 3 sections. The
first section deals with the diversity of K + channels and their
regulation, including structure-function and mechanistic studies.
Presentations dealt with the characterization and modulation of a
variety ofK+ channels in cardiac and neuronal cells, including ATP
dependent K+ channels, Na + -activated K+ channels, delayed
rectifier K+ channels and the diversity of their regulation by
G-proteins.
This volume contains selected papers presented at the Sendai
International Sympo sium on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of
Cardiovascular Regulation held from May 10-12, 1995, to honor the
contributions ofProfessorNorio Taira, Chairman of the Department of
Pharmacology (1972-1995), Tohoku University School of Medicine,
Sendai, Japan. The Department of Pharmacology at Sendai has a long
tradition of significant contribution to the development of drug
therapy for cardiovascular diseases. The late Professor Koroku
Hashimoto, the predecessor of Professor Norio Taira, first
suggested the mode of action of calcium antagonists and their
potential usefulness in therapy of ischemic heart disease and
hypertension at an early stage of their development. The need for
greater understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular dis
eases is more critical now than ever before because modern advances
in basic and clinical sciences have prolonged the average life
expectancy. Using a wide range of molecular and
electrophysiological techniques, major advances are occurring
frequently in the field of cardiovascular physiology and
pharmacology. Such multifaceted approaches are preferred because
human cardiovascular diseases are complex, requiring multiple
interventions and an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms
underlying the disease. The first section of this book focuses on
molecular mechanisms of ion channel regulation. Eight of ten
chapters in this section are devoted to the recent advances in
molecular characterization and regulation of various types of
potassium channels in cardiac, vascular, and neuronal tissues. A
discussion of the structure and function of sodium and calcium
channels is also included.
This is the first book to summarize experimental results from the
new, rapidly expanding field of research into the calcium channel
in cell membrane. Calcium is an ubiquitous messenger of various
cellular functions. Its fundamental role in the regulation of
cardiac contractions has long been recognized. Drugs counteracting
some actions of calcium ions, namely calcium antagonists, have
since become essential to research. In the last decade it has been
established that calcium ions reach their target intracellular
system by passing through specialized calcium channels in the
membrane. Recently improved experimental techniques combined with
the discovery of highly specific Ca channel ligands have
dramatically enlarged our knowledge of the molecular structure and
function of such channels. The contributions by leading world
specialists shed new light on both basic science and possible
clinical implications for cardiovascular pharmacology,
endocrinology and neuropharmacology.
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