The very purpose of international law is the peaceful settlement of international disputes. Over centuries, states and more recently, organizations have created substantive rules and principles, as well as affiliated procedures, in the pursuit of the peaceful settlement of disputes. This volume of the Library of Essays in International Law focuses on the classic procedures of peaceful settlement: negotiation, good offices, inquiry, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, and agencies for dispute resolution. The introduction provides a unique historic overview, explaining how the procedures first developed and changed over time. Each chapter features a seminal essay that helped create the changes described in the introduction. Being at the center of international law, dispute resolution has always been a core topic of international scholarship, this volume brings together for the first time, the pivotal writing in the field.

The world of international law is expanding and changing at an accelerated pace. The International Legal System, 8th Edition captures the critical developments for law students as they prepare for the global legal marketplace. Important additions to the new edition include an entirely new chapter, Humanitarian Emergency, Health and Migration Law and a thoroughly revised International Economic Law chapter with extensive new material on trade, investment, and development. Materials on Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine have been added, as well as material on cryptocurrencies, and updates to the discussion on climate change and other global environmental concerns. Professor Diane Desierto has joined the book, bringing her expertise on international economic law, human rights, and dispute resolution. Together, the book's four authors have extensive knowledge and experience of five continents, making The International Legal System, 8th Edition the most international of all available international law casebooks. The book also retains its enduring strength: Investigating the inter-linkages of international, national, and regional law.

Mental health and substance use disorders among children, youth, and young adults are major threats to the health and well-being of younger populations which often carryover into adulthood. The costs of treatment for mental health and addictive disorders, which create an enormous burden on the affected individuals, their families, and society, have stimulated increasing interest in prevention practices that can impede the onset or reduce the severity of the disorders. Prevention practices have emerged in a variety of settings, including programs for selected at-risk populations (such as children and youth in the child welfare system), school-based interventions, interventions in primary care settings, and community services designed to address a broad array of mental health needs and populations. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People updates a 1994 Institute of Medicine book, Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders, focusing special attention on the research base and program experience with younger populations that have emerged since that time. Researchers, such as those involved in prevention science, mental health, education, substance abuse, juvenile justice, health, child and youth development, as well as policy makers involved in state and local mental health, substance abuse, welfare, education, and justice will depend on this updated information on the status of research and suggested directions for the field of mental health and prevention of disorders. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction Part I: Overview and Background 2 The Nature and Extent of the Problem 3 Defining the Scope of Prevention 4 Using a Developmental Framework to Guide Prevention and Promotion 5 Perspectives from Developmental Neuroscience Part II: Preventive Intervention Research 6 Family, School, and Community Interventions 7 Prevention of Specific Disorders and Promotion of Mental Health 8 Screening for Prevention 9 Benefits and Costs of Prevention 10 Advances in Prevention Methodology Part III: New Frontiers 11 Implementation and Dissemination of Prevention Programs 12 Prevention Infrastructure 13 Toward an Improved Approach to Prevention References Appendixes Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff Appendix B: Open Session and Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Sources of Data on Prevalence of MEB Disorders of Young People (Studies Contributing to Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1) Appendix D: Preventive Intervention Meta-Analyses Appendix E: Tables of Risk Factors Appendix F: Intervention Research Portfolio One-Year Snapshot: Summary Analysis Index

Sharing research data on public health issues can promote expanded scientific inquiry and has the potential to advance improvements in public health. Although sharing data is the norm in some research fields, sharing of data in public health is not as firmly established. In March 2015, the National Research Council organized an international conference in Stellenbosch, South Africa, to explore the benefits of and barriers to sharing research data within the African context. The workshop brought together public health researchers and epidemiologists primarily from the African continent, along with selected international experts, to talk about the benefits and challenges of sharing data to improve public health, and to discuss potential actions to guide future work related to public health research data sharing. Sharing Research Data to Improve Public Health in Africa summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Context 3 Establishing Equitable Terms for Data Sharing 4 Exploring the Ethical Imperative for Data Sharing 5 Enabling Data Discoverability, Linkage, and Re-use 6 Next Steps: Maximizing the Use of Data to Improve Public Health Appendix A Workshop Agenda Appendix B Participants

International Education and Foreign Languages reviews the Department of Education's Title VI and Fulbright-Hays Programs, which provide higher education funding for international education and foreign language programs. This book offers a timely look at issues that are increasingly important in an interconnected world. It discusses the effect of the nation's lack of expertise in foreign languages and cultural knowledge on national security and global competitiveness and it describes the challenges faced by the U.S. educational system and the federal government in trying to address those needs. The book also examines the federal government's recent proposal to create a new National Security Language Initiative, the role of the Department of Education, and current efforts to hold higher education programs accountable. This book provides information and recommendations that can help universities, educators, and policy makers establish a system of foreign language and international education that is ready to respond to new and unanticipated challenges around the world.

Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children explores the ethical issues posed when conducting research designed to identify, understand, or ameliorate housing-related health hazards among children. Such research involves children as subjects and is conducted in the home and in communities. It is often conducted with children in low-income families given the disproportionate prevalence of housing-related conditions such as lead poisoning, asthma, and fatal injuries among these children. This book emphasizes five key elements to address the particular ethical concerns raised by these characteristics: involving the affected community in the research and responding to their concerns; ensuring that parents understand the essential elements of the research; adopting uniform federal guidelines for such research by all sponsors (Subpart D of 45 CFR 46); providing guidance on key terms in the regulations; and viewing research oversight as a system with important roles for researchers, IRBs and their research institutions, sponsors and regulators of research, and the community. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Housing and Health 3 Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute: Revisiting the Ethical Issues 4 Characteristics of Housing Health Hazards Research 5 Community Involvement 6 Parental Permission, Consent, and Payment 7 Researchers' Responsibilities 8 Research Oversight References Appendix Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

This casebook on international law and the use of force brings together cases and materials on the regulation of resort to armed force and the conduct of armed conflict. It covers such pressing global issues as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, maritime disputes in the South China Sea, and civilian protection in warfare. The new edition adds important new reports by United Nations Special Rapporteurs, the Council of Europe, and the International Committee of the Red Cross. It also includes new cases from the European Court of Human Rights and other courts and tribunals. The final chapter on weapons has been revised to expand coverage of new developments.

International law evolved to end and prevent armed conflict as much as for any other reason. Yet, the law against war appears weaker today than ever in its long history, evidenced by raging armed conflicts in which people are killed, injured, and forcibly displaced. The environment is devastated, and the planet impoverished. These consequences can be traced to the dominant ideology of realism. In 1946, Hersch Lauterpacht challenged that ideology by contrasting it with the idea of international law, composed of natural law, positive law, and process theory. The Art of Law in the International Community revives his vision, rebuilding the understanding of why international law binds, what its norms require, and how courts are the ideal substitutes for war. The secret to the renewal of international law lies in revitalizing the moral foundation of natural law through drawing on aesthetic philosophy and the arts.

International law evolved to end and prevent armed conflict as much as for any other reason. Yet, the law against war appears weaker today than ever in its long history, evidenced by raging armed conflicts in which people are killed, injured, and forcibly displaced. The environment is devastated, and the planet impoverished. These consequences can be traced to the dominant ideology of realism. In 1946, Hersch Lauterpacht challenged that ideology by contrasting it with the idea of international law, composed of natural law, positive law, and process theory. The Art of Law in the International Community revives his vision, rebuilding the understanding of why international law binds, what its norms require, and how courts are the ideal substitutes for war. The secret to the renewal of international law lies in revitalizing the moral foundation of natural law through drawing on aesthetic philosophy and the arts.

The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) is the principal federal agency supporting applied research, training, and development to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. NIDRR's mission is to generate new knowledge and promote its effective use in improving the ability of persons with disabilities to perform activities of their choice in the community, as well as to expand society's capacity to provide full opportunities and accommodations for its citizens with disabilities. NIDRR prides itself on being proactive in establishing program performance measures and developing accountability data systems to track the progress of its grantees. An electronic annual reporting system is used to collect data from grantees on many aspects of grant operation and outputs. Various formative and summative evaluation approaches have been used to assess the quality of the performance and results of the agency's research portfolio and its grantees. Prompted by the need to provide more data on its program results, in 2009 NIDRR requested that the National Research Council (NRC) conduct an external evaluation of some of the agency's key processes and assess the quality of outputs produced by NIDRR grantees (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 2009a). Review of Disability and Rehabilitation Research presents the results of that evaluation. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Evaluation Scope and Methods 3 NIDRR's Priority-Setting Processes 4 NIDRR's Peer Review Process 5 Grant Management 6 Summative Evaluation Appendix A: Grant Summaries Appendix B: Rating Sheets/Questionnaires Appendix C: Acronyms Appendix D: Committee and Staff Biographical Sketches

The world is poised for another important transition. The United States is dealing with the impact of the Afghan and Iraq wars, the use of torture and secret detention, Guantanamo, climate change, nuclear proliferation, weakened international institutions, and other issues related directly or indirectly to international law. The world needs an accurate account of the important role of international law and The Power and Purpose of International Law seeks to provide it.
Mary Ellen O'Connell explains the purpose of international law and the power it has to achieve that purpose. International law supports order in the world and the attainment of humanity's fundamental goals of peace, prosperity, respect for human rights, and protection of the natural environment. These goals can best be realized through international law, which uniquely has the capacity to bind even a superpower of the world. By exploring the roots and history of international law, and by looking at specific events in the history of international law, this book demonstrates the why and the how of international law and its enforcement. It directly confronts the notion that international law is "powerless" and that working within the framework of international law is useless or counter-productive. As the world moves forward, it is critical that both leaders and their citizens understand the true power and purpose of international law and this book creates a valuable resource for them to aid their understanding. It uses a clear, compelling style to convey topical, informative and cutting-edge information to the reader.

The 20th century was influenced profoundly by the experience of two world wars. It was also characterized, however, by the attempt to replace armed conflict with non-violent conflict management. As the United Nations Charter preamble declares: The "People of the United Nations are determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war." International law and international institutions have made considerable progress toward this goal, but the world is still a long way from effectively banning major organized violence between or within states. Current governance theories are grappling with the reality of today's complex international relations. What lessons do these theories hold for overcoming violent conflict? What do theories about global governance tell us about international public authority? Is such an authority desirable at all? What would the ideal international society look like from the perspective of global governance theory? What is the role of law, authority, and international institutions in realizing the ideal? The aim of this book is to offer an interdisciplinary debate on these normative responses to the problem of war: law, authority, governance, and constitution.

Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks ? and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Introduction: The Challenge I. Underage Drinking in the United States - 2. Characteristics of Underage Drinking 3. Consquences of Underage Drinking 4. Understanding Youth Drinking II. The Strategy - 5. Designing the Strategy 6. National Media Campaign 7. Alcohol Industry 8. Entertainment Industries 9. Access 10. Youth-Oriented Interventions 11. Communities 12. Federal and State Governments References Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Agenda and Participants, October 10-11, 2002, Public Workshop Appendix C: Agenda and Participants, November 18, 2002, Open Committee Meeting and Public Forum Appendix D: Other Public Contributors Appendix E: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff Index 1 The Epidemiology of Underage Drinking in the United States: An Overview--Robert L. Flewelling, Mallie J. Paschall, and Christopher Ringwalt 2 Social, Health, and Economic Consequences of Underage Drinking--Ralph Hingson and Donald Kenkel 3 Health Consequences of Adolescent Alcohol Involvement--Sandra A. Brown and Susan F. Tapert 4 Developmental and Environmental Influences on Underage Drinking: A General Overview--Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher and Michael Biehl 5 Perceptions of Risk and Social Judgments: Biases and Motivational Factors--Janis E. Jacobs 6 Alcohol Use and Misuse: Prevention Strategies with Minors--William Hansen and Linda Dusenbury 7 Supply Side Approaches to Reducing Underage Drinking: An Assessment of the Scientific Evidence--Harold D. Holder 8 Effectiveness of Sanctions and Law Enforcement Practices Targeted at Underage Drinking Not Involving Operation of a Motor Vehicle--Thomas L. Hafemeister and Shelly L. Jackson 9 The Effects of Price on Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Their Consequences--Frank J. Chaloupka 10 Media Intervention Impact: Evidence and Promising Strategies--Charles Atkin 11 Alcohol in the Media: Drinking Portrayals, Alcohol Advertising, and Alcohol Consumption Among Youth--Joel W. Grube 12 Alcohol Advertising and Promotion--David Jernigan and James O'Hara 13 Drinking and Coming of Age in a Cross-Cultural Perspective--Robin Room 14 Preventing Underage Drinking in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Contexts, Epidemiology, and Culture--Douglas K. Novins, Paul Spicer, Janette Beals, and Spero M. Manson 15 Teen Treatment: Addressing Alcohol Problems Among Adolescents--Rosalind Brannigan, Mathea Falco, Linda Dusenbury, and William B. Hansen 16 Youth Smoking Prevention Policy: Lessons Learned and Continuing Challenges--Paula M. Lantz