Gender equality rights are fundamental human rights that are recognized in international human rights treaties, which bind states to eliminate gender discrimination formally and in practice. Islam is recognized as the official religion in the constitutional law of Islamic countries; religious scholars have the competence to interpret Islamic law, resulting in creating a series of unequal rights for women based on Islamic law, which often continues in legal structures. Nevertheless, a majority of Islamic countries have ratified the international human rights treaties but have put reservations in place based on Sharia concerning articles on gender equality rights. Therefore, this dissertation addressed that the degree to which international law has accepted gender discrimination for religious reasons.

Utilisation of new technologies is an inevitable part in enhancement of manufacturing industries. Due to the technological improvements, the automotive industry must be adopted with the advancement of new technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR); otherwise, it will not be able to compete with its global competitors. It is always difficult to choose the right technology at the right time and place. Such a difficulty affects the chance of success in market competition, the time and money invested for the project. Users of technologies also need to select the appropriate technology according to the requirement of the industry. Despite all the developments in technologies, a clear lacking behind the selection process of any technology, especially VR, is a continuing debate among the industry authorities. To solve all the above-mentioned problems, this book aimed to reduce the stated gaps and develop a framework for VR adoption to the automotive industry. This book also gives an inclusive overview of the use of VR and Three-Dimensional (3D) modelling in automotive manufacturing industry for the industrialists, researchers and developers.