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This book provides researchers and practitioners with a unique
collection of current research on the role of vitamins and
micronutrients in cancer prevention and treatment. New theories are
discussed, including a hypothesis that dietary factors may protect
against genetically predisposed cancers. Mechanisms by which
different vitamins and minerals appear to inhibit carcinogenesis or
cell transformation are described, including vitamins A, C, E, and
selenium protection against oxidative stress by induction of
enzymes as catalase and dismutase or inteference with free radical
mechanisms; organosulfur compound inhibition of P450 activation
enzymes or enhancement of detoxification enzymes; metal ion effects
in the modulation of gene expression by site-specific binding of
Zn-finger loop domains; B-carotene metabolite up-regulation of gap
junctional communication between cells; and vitamin D3 elimination
of amplified oncogenes or drug resistant genes. The book also
reviews literature implicating a possible relationship between
potassium and the control of cancer. Other information presented
includes a discussion of contemporary technologies and data
associating lipotrope deficiencies with alterations in xenobiotic
metabolism, nucleic acid methylation, purine and pyrimidine
synthesis, signal transduction, and chromosome anomalies.
The fifth of the annual research conferences of the American
Institute for Cancer Research was held September l-2, 1994, at the
L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC. Appropriately, in view of
current directions in research, the theme was "Diet and Cancer:
Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions". This proceedings volume
contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts
from the poster session held on the end of the first day. The
subtopics for the tl;rree sessions held were "Retinoids, Vitamins A
and Din Cancer Prevention and Therapy," "Choline and Lipids: Signal
Transduction, Gene Expression and Growth Regulation," and "Dietary
Factors and Regulation of Oncogenes, Growth and Differentiation. "
A general overview on vitamins A and D emphasized that A and D, in
addition to their established roles in vision, reproduction, and
bone mineral homeostasis, may play significant roles in regulating
cell function. Vitamin A metabolites, trans-retinoic acid and
9-cis-retinoic acid, regulate growth and differentiation.
Furthermore, vitamin A deprived animals were more susceptible to
both spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors. Epidemiological
studies showed a correlation between low A intake and higher
incidences of certain types of human cancers. Conversely, all-trans
retinoic acid is useful in treatment and control of certain types
of cancer. Physiologically, Vitamin D is converted to the active
form, l ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD). VD regulates hormone
production and secretion, myocardial contractility, vascu 3 3 3 lar
tone, and growth inhibition and differentiation.
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its
third annual confer ence on nutrition and cancer. The theme was
"Diet and Cancer: Markers, Prevention, and Treatment. " The
conference was held October 29-30, 1992 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel
in McLean, Virginia. This proceedings contains chapters from the
platform presentations and abstracts from the poster presentations.
Several chapters address each of four session topics: Retinoids as
Differentiation Agents in Cancer Therapy, Biological Markers of
Cancer Risk, Chemoprevention of Cancer by Non-Nutrients in Foods,
and Nutritional Problems and Support in the Treatment of Cancer.
The first three chapters discuss in detail different mechanisms by
which retinoids influence differentiation and provide evidence to
support their use in cancer therapy. In vivo and in vitro studies
show the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on tumorigenicity and cellu
lar/molecular events. A synopsis of data showing the involvement of
the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in HL-60 cell differentiation induced
by RA and 1,2S-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD) is presented. In SCID
(severe combined immunodeficiency) mice injected with HL-60 3 human
leukemia cells and gavaged daily with RA, the number of tumor sites
and number of mice with tumors are reduced. All trans-RA induces
myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cells. Similarly, VD3 induces
HL-60 monocytic differentiation. In both cases an early down
regulation of retinoblastoma (RB) gene expression precedes the
differentiation.
The fifth of the annual research conferences of the American
Institute for Cancer Research was held September l-2, 1994, at the
L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC. Appropriately, in view of
current directions in research, the theme was "Diet and Cancer:
Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions." This proceedings volume
contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts
from the poster session held on the end of the first day. The
subtopics for the tl;rree sessions held were "Retinoids, Vitamins A
and Din Cancer Prevention and Therapy," "Choline and Lipids: Signal
Transduction, Gene Expression and Growth Regulation," and "Dietary
Factors and Regulation of Oncogenes, Growth and Differentiation. "
A general overview on vitamins A and D emphasized that A and D, in
addition to their established roles in vision, reproduction, and
bone mineral homeostasis, may play significant roles in regulating
cell function. Vitamin A metabolites, trans-retinoic acid and
9-cis-retinoic acid, regulate growth and differentiation.
Furthermore, vitamin A deprived animals were more susceptible to
both spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors. Epidemiological
studies showed a correlation between low A intake and higher
incidences of certain types of human cancers. Conversely, all-trans
retinoic acid is useful in treatment and control of certain types
of cancer. Physiologically, Vitamin D is converted to the active
form, l,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD). VD regulates hormone production
and secretion, myocardial contractility, vascu 3 3 3 lar tone, and
growth inhibition and differentiation."
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its
third annual confer ence on nutrition and cancer. The theme was
"Diet and Cancer: Markers, Prevention, and Treatment. " The
conference was held October 29-30, 1992 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel
in McLean, Virginia. This proceedings contains chapters from the
platform presentations and abstracts from the poster presentations.
Several chapters address each of four session topics: Retinoids as
Differentiation Agents in Cancer Therapy, Biological Markers of
Cancer Risk, Chemoprevention of Cancer by Non-Nutrients in Foods,
and Nutritional Problems and Support in the Treatment of Cancer.
The first three chapters discuss in detail different mechanisms by
which retinoids influence differentiation and provide evidence to
support their use in cancer therapy. In vivo and in vitro studies
show the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on tumorigenicity and cellu
lar/molecular events. A synopsis of data showing the involvement of
the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in HL-60 cell differentiation induced
by RA and 1,2S-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD) is presented. In SCID
(severe combined immunodeficiency) mice injected with HL-60 3 human
leukemia cells and gavaged daily with RA, the number of tumor sites
and number of mice with tumors are reduced. All trans-RA induces
myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cells. Similarly, VD3 induces
HL-60 monocytic differentiation. In both cases an early down
regulation of retinoblastoma (RB) gene expression precedes the
differentiation."
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its
second annual conference on nutrition and cancer. The theme was
"Exercise, Calories, Fat, and Cancer" and the conference was held
September 4-5, 1991 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Pentagon City,
Virginia. This proceedings volume contains chapters from the
platform presentations and abstracts from each poster presentation.
Relationships among physical activity, calorie consumption, energy
expenditure, dietary fat, and cancer are described in the context
of epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies. Dietary
recommendations to lower cancer risk are based on expanding
evidence relating nutrition and cancer. Identification of the
precise dietary contribution to disease is complicated by the
concurrent genetic and environmental contributions, in addition to
the inherent difficulties in gathering and interpreting
epidemiologic data. Individual variations in cancer risk are the
result of differences in genetic and environmental factors
including sources and amounts of calories consumed, metabolism, and
energy expenditure. Human and animal studies describing independent
and combined influences of exercise, calorie restriction, and
dietary fat on carcinogenesis are reported in this volume.
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