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The three essays reprinted in this book were first published in
1963 as individual chapters of a psychiatric treatise entitled
Psychiatrie der Gegen wart (Psychiatry of the Present Day). The
editors, W. H. GRUHLE (Bonn), R. JUNG (Freiburg/Br. ), W.
MAYER-GROSS (Birmingham, England), M. MUL LER (Bern, Switzerland),
had not planned an encyclopedic presentation; they did not intend
to present a "handbook" which would be as complete as possible in
details and bibliographic reference. Their intention was to "raze
the walls" separating Continental and Anglo-Saxon psychiatries and
to offer a synopsis of developments in psychiatry during the last
decades on an international basis. The editors requested,
therefore, cooperation of scholars from many foreign countries,
large and small, on both sides of the Atlantic. A section entitled
"Borderlands of Psychiatry," in which MARGARET MEAD (New York)
discusses the relation of "Psychiatry and Ethnology," HANS HEIMAN
(Bern), the relation of "Religion und Psychiatrie," and ROBERT
VOLMER (Paris), "Art et Psychiatrie," is a good illustration of the
trilingual character of the whole work. Two of the editors, GRUHLE
and MAYER-GROSS, died before the publi cation had been completed.
In a kind of posthumous eulogy, Professor JUNG and Professor MULLER
praised the initiative and accomplishments of MAYER-GROSS, "who
during the last five years of his life had given a great deal of
his time to this work. He had set his mind on a synthesis of German
and Anglo-Saxon psychiatry."
Fifteen years ago, Dorion Cairns concluded an article on phenome
nology with a cautious appraisal of its influence in America. Thus
far, he wrote, it continues to be an exotic. The situation today
has changed: translations of the writings of Husserl, Heidegger,
Marcel, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty have appeared, and commentaries
on these and related thinkers are not uncommon. Moreover,
discussion of phenomenological problems is increasingly becoming
part of the American (if not the British) philosophical scene.
Phenomenology is in danger of domestication! Signs of its
accommodation include a willingness to pay tribute to HusserI's
Logical Investigations by those who find relatively little to
interest them in his later work, a location of what are taken to be
common themes and underlying convergences of emphasis in
Continental phenomenology and Anglo-American philosophy of the more
nearly Wittgensteinian and Austinian varieties, and a growing
impatience (shared by some phenomenologists) with expositions,
explications, and interpretations of Husserl's work at the expense
of original applications of phenomenology. Most bluntly put, the
attitude is: Don't talk about it; do it! It would seem that we have
arrived at a point where introductions to phenomenology are of
doubt ful value, if not superfluous. The present collection of
essays is based on different assumptions and points to an
alternative conception of the role of both methodology and
originality in phenomenological work.
Alfred Schutz was born in Vienna on April 13, 1899, and died in New
York City on May 20, 1959. The year 1969, then, marks the
seventieth anniversary of his birth and the tenth year of his
death. The essays which follow are offered not only as a tribute to
an irreplaceable friend, colleague, and teacher, but as evidence of
the contributors' conviction of the eminence of his work. No
special pleading is needed here to support that claim, for it is
widely acknowledged that his ideas have had a significant impact on
present-day philosophy and phenomenology of the social sciences. In
place of either argument or evaluation, I choose to restrict myself
to some bi~ graphical information and a fragmentary memoir. * The
only child of Johanna and Otto Schutz (an executive in a private
bank in Vienna), Alfred attended the Esterhazy Gymnasium in Vienna,
an academic high school whose curriculum included eight years of
Latin and Greek. He graduated at seventeen - in time to spend one
year of service in the Austrian army in the First World War. For
bravery at the front on the battlefield in Italy, he was decorated
by his country. After the war ended, he entered the University of
Vienna, completing a four year curriculum in only two and one half
years and receiving his doctorate in Law.
Fifteen years ago, Dorion Cairns concluded an article on phenome
nology with a cautious appraisal of its influence in America. "Thus
far," he wrote, "it continues to be an exotic. " The situation
today has changed: translations of the writings of Husserl,
Heidegger, Marcel, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty have appeared, and
commentaries on these and related thinkers are not uncommon.
Moreover, discussion of phenomenological problems is increasingly
becoming part of the American (if not the British) philosophical
scene. Phenomenology is in danger of domestication! Signs of its
accommodation include a willingness to pay tribute to HusserI's
Logical Investigations by those who find relatively little to
interest them in his later work, a location of what are taken to be
common themes and underlying convergences of emphasis in
Continental phenomenology and Anglo-American philosophy of the more
nearly Wittgensteinian and Austinian varieties, and a growing
impatience (shared by some phenomenologists) with expositions,
explications, and interpretations of Husserl's work at the expense
of original applications of phenomenology. Most bluntly put, the
attitude is: Don't talk about it; do it! It would seem that we have
arrived at a point where introductions to phenomenology are of
doubt ful value, if not superfluous. The present collection of
essays is based on different assumptions and points to an
alternative conception of the role of both methodology and
originality in phenomenological work.
University Of Nebraska Studies, March, 1951. New Series No. 6.
The product of many years of reflection on phenomenology, this book
is a comprehensive and creative introduction to the philosophy of
Edmund Husserl. Natanson uses Husserl's later work as a clue to the
meaning of his entire intellectual career, showing how his earlier
methodological work evolved into the search for transcendental
roots and developed into a philosophy of the life-world.
Phenomenology, for Natanson, emerges as a philosophy of origin, a
transcendental discipline concerned with consciousness, history,
and world rather than with introspection and traditional
metaphysical warfare.
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