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Composite materials are formed when the combination of separate
materials acquire new properties distinct from its components. They
have a range of applications in fields such as mechanical and
electrical engineering, food science and biomedicine and represent
a fast-growing area of research. Composite Materials: Applications
in Engineering, Biomedicine and Food Science provides an overview
of current technologies and applications related to composite
materials in these fields. Organized by discipline, the text
encompasses a wide variety of composite materials, including
polymer, ceramic, biomaterial, hydroxyapatite, nanofiber and green
composites. Early chapters detail the enhanced mechanical,
magnetic, dielectric properties of electrical and thermal
conductive composite materials, which are essential in daily
science. Subsequent chapters focus on filler or reinforcement
materials, including carbon materials, hybrid materials and
nanomaterials. Particular emphasis is placed on nanocomposite
materials, as these have increasingly diverse field applications.
Various manufacturing methods, such as the synthesis method and
top-down/bottom-up manufacturing, are also discussed. Coverage of
the recent progress, challenges and opportunities surrounding
composite materials make this text a one-stop reference for
engineers, scientists and researchers working in this exciting
field.
This book examines international labour migrants in the context of
South-South migration with a focus on Bangladeshi migration to
Singapore. Two principal questions in the South-South migration are
addressed: Why and how individuals migrate for work; and what
impact this temporary form of migration has for migrants and their
families. The book adopts a relatively new methodological approach
to labour migration by linking different phases that migrants
undergo in the migration process and by combining migrants in the
host country with their families in the origin country. This is
achieved through identifying and addressing six key areas: (i)
migration policy, (ii) social imperatives of migration (iii)
recruitment, (iv) social worlds of the migrants, (v) remittance
process, and finally, (vi) family development dynamics. This book
introduces the bari to migration research as a unit of analysis
over and above individual and family units. The book reveals how
social and cultural forces both initiate and perpetuate migration,
and later on influence bari dynamics.
Applications of nanotechnology are the remarkable sizes dependent
on physiochemical properties of nanomaterials that have led to the
developed protocols for synthesizing nanomaterials over a range of
size, shapes and chemical compositions. Nanomaterials are normally
powders composed of nanoparticles which exhibit properties that are
different from powders. Nanotechnology is the engineering of
functional systems at the molecular scale with their wide
applications in energy sector, including -but not limited to-
energy resources, energy conversion, energy storage, and energy
usage; drug delivery systems including- safety concerns,
perspective, challenges, target therapeutics for cancer,
neurodegenerative diseases and other human diseases, nanomaterials
based tissue engineering; and food sectors including to- food
safety and quality, opportunities, challenges, nanomaterials based
enhancing food packing, and determination of foodborne pathogens,
agro and marine food, analysis of market, regulations and future
prospects. The utilization of nanotechnology in the energy field
will be emphasized and highlighted, in accordance to their
prominent and high impact in this particular field. Recent trends
and significant benefits of nanotechnology in the energy field will
be revealed to the readers, and their promising advanced
applications will be discussed. The current drug discovery paradigm
constantly needs to improve, enhance efficiency and reduce time to
the market on the basis of designing new drug discovery, drug
delivery and pharmaceutical manufacturing. In this book will be
highlighted nanotechnology based drug delivery is an important
aspect of medicine, as more potent and specific drugs that are
particularly discussed the understanding of disease pathways.
Several biomaterials can be applied to small-molecule drugs as
controlled release reservoirs for drug delivery and provide new
insights into disease processes, thus understanding the mechanisms
of action of drugs. Applications of food nanotechnology are an area
of emerging interest for the food industry, for the reason, in this
book will be given more priority to discuss the uses of
nanomaterials for food packing, food safety and quality, and to
remove the contaminated or spoiled by foodborne pathogens. And also
nanotechnology based food products will be discussed how making
them tastier, healthier, and more nutritious such as vitamins, to
reduce fat content, and to ensure they do not degrade during a
product's shelf life. Nanotechnology is basically the uses of
nanomaterials, devices and systems through the control of matter on
the nanometer scale. Multidisciplinary studies are required the
technology for discovery and moving so fast from concept to the
reality. Nanotechnology always not only provided more benefits in
energy, drugs and food products but also provided significantly
benefits around multidisciplinary field applications.
This book provides an overview of the origins, repercussions and
projected future of the ongoing Gulf crisis, as well as an analysis
of the major issues and debates relating to it. The Gulf region
witnessed an extraordinary rift when, on 5 June 2017, Saudi Arabia,
the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain cut all diplomatic ties and
imposed a siege on the State of Qatar following the hacking of the
Qatar News Agency website. This book approaches the Gulf crisis
from an interdisciplinary perspective by bringing together a group
of top scholars from a wide range of disciplines and areas of
expertise to engage in a nuanced debate on the current crisis. With
the pressing role of media in general and social media in
particular, new political realities have been created in the
region. The book addresses the role that cyber and information
security play on politics, as well as the shift of alliances in the
region as a result of the crisis. It scrutinizes the role of media
and information technology in creating political cultures as well
as conflicts. The book also explores the long-term economic
implications of the siege imposed on Qatar and identifies how the
country's economy is adjusting to the impact of the siege. Thus,
the book considers the extent of social and economic changes that
the crisis has brought to the region. This book invites in-depth
understanding of the regional crisis and its implications on nation
building and the reconfiguration of political and economic
alliances across the region. It will appeal to a broad
interdisciplinary readership in the area of Gulf studies.
Composite materials are formed when the combination of separate
materials acquire new properties distinct from its components. They
have a range of applications in fields such as mechanical and
electrical engineering, food science and biomedicine and represent
a fast-growing area of research. Composite Materials: Applications
in Engineering, Biomedicine and Food Science provides an overview
of current technologies and applications related to composite
materials in these fields. Organized by discipline, the text
encompasses a wide variety of composite materials, including
polymer, ceramic, biomaterial, hydroxyapatite, nanofiber and green
composites. Early chapters detail the enhanced mechanical,
magnetic, dielectric properties of electrical and thermal
conductive composite materials, which are essential in daily
science. Subsequent chapters focus on filler or reinforcement
materials, including carbon materials, hybrid materials and
nanomaterials. Particular emphasis is placed on nanocomposite
materials, as these have increasingly diverse field applications.
Various manufacturing methods, such as the synthesis method and
top-down/bottom-up manufacturing, are also discussed. Coverage of
the recent progress, challenges and opportunities surrounding
composite materials make this text a one-stop reference for
engineers, scientists and researchers working in this exciting
field.
This book highlights the design of a new type of solar chimney that
has lower height and bigger diameter, and discusses its
applications. The bigger diameter chimneys are introduced showing
cold inflow phenomena that significantly reduced the performance of
solar chimney. The cold inflow-free operation of solar chimneys
restores the draft losses and enhances the performance of the solar
chimneys. Numerical and experimental investigation results will be
presented to highlight the performance of cold inflow-free solar
chimney performance. In addition, this book covers the important
basic design parameters that affect the design of solar chimney for
different applications, mainly, solar chimney-assisted ventilation
for passive cooling and power generation system.
This book examines international labour migrants in the context of
South-South migration with a focus on Bangladeshi migration to
Singapore. Two principal questions in the South-South migration are
addressed: Why and how individuals migrate for work; and what
impact this temporary form of migration has for migrants and their
families. The book adopts a relatively new methodological approach
to labour migration by linking different phases that migrants
undergo in the migration process and by combining migrants in the
host country with their families in the origin country. This is
achieved through identifying and addressing six key areas: (i)
migration policy, (ii) social imperatives of migration (iii)
recruitment, (iv) social worlds of the migrants, (v) remittance
process, and finally, (vi) family development dynamics. This book
introduces the bari to migration research as a unit of analysis
over and above individual and family units. The book reveals how
social and cultural forces both initiate and perpetuate migration,
and later on influence bari dynamics.
This book is a collection of work by migration scholars and
researchers who are actively conducting fieldwork in Southeast
Asia. It presents a wide variety of current research and approaches
the field of international labor migration from a regional
perspective, acknowledging that the migration process goes beyond
local and national boundaries and is embedded in regional and
global interconnections. The chapters capture the complexity and
richness of the migration phenomenon and experience, which
manifests itself in a multitude of ways in a region well known for
its diversity. The collection highlights the continuities and
discontinuities in the linkages that have been forged through the
movement of people between sending and receiving societies. Such
linkages are explained by distinguishing between migration that has
been sustained by a colonial past and migration that has been
precipitated by globalization in the last two decades. The
diversity of issues in the region covered by this volume will
encourage a rethink of some of the conventional views of migration
scholarship and result in a more critical reflection of how we
approach migration research.
This book is a collection of work by migration scholars and
researchers who are actively conducting fieldwork in Southeast
Asia. It presents a wide variety of current research and approaches
the field of international labor migration from a regional
perspective, acknowledging that the migration process goes beyond
local and national boundaries and is embedded in regional and
global interconnections. The chapters capture the complexity and
richness of the migration phenomenon and experience, which
manifests itself in a multitude of ways in a region well known for
its diversity. The collection highlights the continuities and
discontinuities in the linkages that have been forged through the
movement of people between sending and receiving societies. Such
linkages are explained by distinguishing between migration that has
been sustained by a colonial past and migration that has been
precipitated by globalization in the last two decades. The
diversity of issues in the region covered by this volume will
encourage a rethink of some of the conventional views of migration
scholarship and result in a more critical reflection of how we
approach migration research.
This open access
book, comprising thirty-nine chapters divided
into social, cultural, economic, and political
spheres, offers a unique opportunity to dive into the
complex, dynamic, and sometimes contradictory transformation of
Gulf societies in the last few decades. Whilst the Gulf
region has at times been seen as impervious to this natural
phenomenon of transformationâtimeless, never changing,
deeply rooted in its ancient tribal customs and traditions and able
to blend past and present seamlessly without suffering the
wrenching trauma of changeâthis is clearly not the case,
and the region is not immune to the inevitable forces of social
change. There is no doubt today that the social change
sweeping the Gulf has been profound, affecting almost every aspect
of life in the Gulf societies. This volume has an
encyclopedic value as the chapters collectively offer multifaceted
and multidisciplinary perspectives to understand social change in
the Gulf region. Through these chapters, the role of economic and
educational transformation, and the impact of social media,
migration, and urbanization have in driving social change in the
Gulf societies is examined in detail with a focus on their
directions, magnitudes, and relevant policy options. It also
considers how COVID-19 is affecting the lives of the people in the
Gulf. This book bridges gaps in the understanding of
the rapid pace of social change in the Gulf, offering practical
solutions for policy interventions. It is of interest to scholars
and students in Middle Eastern studies, specifically, as well as
sociology, media studies, migration studies, and educational
policy.
This open access
book, comprising thirty-nine chapters divided
into social, cultural, economic, and political
spheres, offers a unique opportunity to dive into the
complex, dynamic, and sometimes contradictory transformation of
Gulf societies in the last few decades. Whilst the Gulf
region has at times been seen as impervious to this natural
phenomenon of transformationâtimeless, never changing,
deeply rooted in its ancient tribal customs and traditions and able
to blend past and present seamlessly without suffering the
wrenching trauma of changeâthis is clearly not the case,
and the region is not immune to the inevitable forces of social
change. There is no doubt today that the social change
sweeping the Gulf has been profound, affecting almost every aspect
of life in the Gulf societies. This volume has an
encyclopedic value as the chapters collectively offer multifaceted
and multidisciplinary perspectives to understand social change in
the Gulf region. Through these chapters, the role of economic and
educational transformation, and the impact of social media,
migration, and urbanization have in driving social change in the
Gulf societies is examined in detail with a focus on their
directions, magnitudes, and relevant policy options. It also
considers how COVID-19 is affecting the lives of the people in the
Gulf. This book bridges gaps in the understanding of
the rapid pace of social change in the Gulf, offering practical
solutions for policy interventions. It is of interest to scholars
and students in Middle Eastern studies, specifically, as well as
sociology, media studies, migration studies, and educational
policy.
This book highlights the design of a new type of solar chimney that
has lower height and bigger diameter, and discusses its
applications. The bigger diameter chimneys are introduced showing
cold inflow phenomena that significantly reduced the performance of
solar chimney. The cold inflow-free operation of solar chimneys
restores the draft losses and enhances the performance of the solar
chimneys. Numerical and experimental investigation results will be
presented to highlight the performance of cold inflow-free solar
chimney performance. In addition, this book covers the important
basic design parameters that affect the design of solar chimney for
different applications, mainly, solar chimney-assisted ventilation
for passive cooling and power generation system.
This book provides an overview of the origins, repercussions and
projected future of the ongoing Gulf crisis, as well as an analysis
of the major issues and debates relating to it. The Gulf region
witnessed an extraordinary rift when, on 5 June 2017, Saudi Arabia,
the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain cut all diplomatic ties and
imposed a siege on the State of Qatar following the hacking of the
Qatar News Agency website. This book approaches the Gulf crisis
from an interdisciplinary perspective by bringing together a group
of top scholars from a wide range of disciplines and areas of
expertise to engage in a nuanced debate on the current crisis. With
the pressing role of media in general and social media in
particular, new political realities have been created in the
region. The book addresses the role that cyber and information
security play on politics, as well as the shift of alliances in the
region as a result of the crisis. It scrutinizes the role of media
and information technology in creating political cultures as well
as conflicts. The book also explores the long-term economic
implications of the siege imposed on Qatar and identifies how the
country's economy is adjusting to the impact of the siege. Thus,
the book considers the extent of social and economic changes that
the crisis has brought to the region. This book invites in-depth
understanding of the regional crisis and its implications on nation
building and the reconfiguration of political and economic
alliances across the region. It will appeal to a broad
interdisciplinary readership in the area of Gulf studies.
Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Politics
- International Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: -, -
(National Institution of Development Administration(NIDA)), course:
Graduate School of Public Administration (GSPA), language: English,
abstract: In pluralistic societies, all over the world bureaucracy
plays a predominant role for bringing social change,
transformation, modernization and development. But in Bangladesh
bureaucracy represents a dismal picture and suffers from various
ills. Standing on the threshold of the 21st century when the whole
world is experiencing cataclysmic change in the sphere of political
transformation, economic globalization, technological innovation,
media revolution and rapid growth of the nation states- it is now
quite exigent to rearrange or reorganize the state machinery for
coexisting with the changed world order. In consonance with the
changes- the role, function and responsibility of bureaucracy
should be devised in a way that it can ensure its productivity and
efficiency by creating an enabling condition for development.
Absence of efficiency, transparency, accountability,
representational political culture, institutional weakness of
political, social and economical apparatus and malfunction among
those systems has made the bureaucratic system in Bangladesh
despicable and disdainful. The paper, ipso facto, aims at
unravelling the issues related with the concept of bureaucracy, the
role of bureaucracy in the third world with special emphasis on
Bangladesh, depicting a brief sketch about the traditional and
development bureaucracy in Bangladesh. Lastly, but not the least,
some suggestions to make the bureaucracy accountable, efficient and
responsive to the people's demands and aspirations have been given.
Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Politics
- International Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political
Economics, grade: -, Thammasat University, Bangkok (National
Institute of Development Administration(NIDA), Bangkok, Thailand ),
language: English, abstract: In a globalized world the dynamics of
rural development in Bangladesh has changed immensely.
Globalization, free trade and privatization have brought about many
positive and negative impacts on rural development. This article
tries to focus on three major impacts of globalization on rural
development such as impact on environment, poverty and women. In
responding to the research questions that how globalization
affected environmental degradation, what impact it has done on
poverty reduction and women in Bangladesh, the author used a
combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the
content analysis it was observed that globalization has seriously
affected environment such as land degradation; deforestation; soil
erosion; soil fertility loss; water logging; salinity and
toxification of soils; damage and destruction of coral reefs,
mangroves, fisheries; loss of bio-diversity and ecosystem;
pollution of air and water bodies etc. that caused huge
environmental disasters in Bangladesh. The research findings
relating to impact of globalization on poverty reduction unearthed
the fact that due to huge remittance from the expatriate foreign
labours, exponential increases of agricultural growth especially in
cereal crops and increase in labour cost have contributed to
reduction of rural poverty in Bangladesh. The increase of
agricultural growth was the end result of massive privatization of
agricultural sector in Bangladesh that in fact helped the rich
farmers to adopt HYV and modern agricultural practices,
agrochemicals, pesticides, fertilizers; and privatization also
helped them availing of low cost tube wells and agricultural
inputs, increase of irrigation facilities. But the
Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Politics
- International Politics - Region: Other States, grade: -, -
(National Institute of Development Administration(NIDA), Bangkok,
Thiland), language: English, abstract: Bangladesh as one of the
South Asian countries has been striving to develop a comprehensive
education policy since its independence but failed to formulate
such policy that could contribute to the development of the
economy. The basic problem of primary and secondary level is poor
enrolment and low retention rate in the school. To combat with this
problem government of Bangladesh has been undertaking myriad
policies and programs. Among such policies Female Secondary Stipend
Program (FSSP), Food For Education Program (FFEP) and Free Text
Book Distribution Program to the students of primary and secondary
level are some innovative and better contributing policy
interventions in the field of female education in Bangladesh. All
these policy interventions are purported with the pivotal motto of
reducing drop rate and increasing enrollment rate in the secondary
education. All these policies are currently in operation except the
Food for Education Program which has transformed into a cash
transfer program very recently. Based on the policy problem of
reducing dropout rate of the secondary female students in the
school, the above policies on FFEP, FTBDP and FSSP were chosen as
three policy alternatives taking FSSP as status quo with a view to
measuring efficacy of these policies employing the cost
effectiveness analysis method apprising their relative worth in
reducing dropout of female students in the secondary level
calculating the base year 1994 and analyzing up to 2015 years data
and thereafter to suggest the best policy option for the government
of Bangladesh. Data were generated and gathered from the available
literatures on the above-mentioned alternatives. Primarily FSSP
populations were used as baseline population and compare it with dr
Scholarly Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Politics -
International Politics - Topic: Miscellaneous, grade: -, - (NIDA,
Bangkok, Thailand), language: English, abstract: It is an axiomatic
fact that women leadership does not grow automatically rather it
grows with the dynamic process of socio-cultural development of the
country. Bangladesh and West Bengal, having a traditional
socio-economic structure, do not have regular and systematic
process of political participation of women, which is directly or
indirectly linked to patriarchal values and kinship ties. Despite
that in the recent days, numbers of women leaders at the grassroots
level local government of both geographical areas have increased
remarkably due to some change in the socio-cultural contexts and
dimensions. Therefore, it deserves academic analysis and
interpretation to delve into the dynamics and process of
socio-cultural context that have contributed for the development of
women leadership in both cases.
The accelerating shift in economic power from the develop to
emerging economies is dramatically changing the banking industry
across the world & Bangladeshi Banking industries are not any
different than that. Leaders of banks need to take advantage of the
growth opportunities this change is creating. This book empirically
projects the structural size of Islami bank in Bangladesh in the
year 2033 using time series data (1986 to 2009), collected from the
reports and analyzed following tabular, graphical & econometric
approaches. Results show that Islami banking has greatest future
potential for growth, investment & also greatest competitive
advantage. The intensity of competition of banking, its strategy
and opportunities would be valued in the growth expectations.The
impact of new regulatory capital and other requirements on these
growth trends in Bangladesh where implementation may be more or
less restrictive which impact these growth trends. This report can
help policy-makers to identify the long-term trend of Islami
banking in Bangladesh in 2033, which may help stimulating strategic
discussions to identify key opportunities & threats relating to
the emerging markets in particular.
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