This proceedings volume features selected contributions from the conference Positivity X. The field of positivity deals with ordered mathematical structures and their applications. At the biannual series of Positivity conferences, the latest developments in this diverse field are presented. The 2019 edition was no different, with lectures covering a broad spectrum of topics, including vector and Banach lattices and operators on such spaces, abstract stochastic processes in an ordered setting, the theory and applications of positive semi-groups to partial differential equations, Hilbert geometries, positivity in Banach algebras and, in particular, operator algebras, as well as applications to mathematical economics and financial mathematics. The contributions in this book reflect the variety of topics discussed at the conference. They will be of interest to researchers in functional analysis, operator theory, measure and integration theory, operator algebras, and economics. Positivity X was dedicated to the memory of our late colleague and friend, Coenraad Labuschagne. His untimely death in 2018 came as an enormous shock to the Positivity community. He was a prominent figure in the Positivity community and was at the forefront of the recent development of abstract stochastic processes in a vector lattice context.

Very many structural materials like metals and ceramics are of crystalline nature.Undermostoftheconditions, theyundergoplasticdeformationbefore they fail under load. The plastic deformation is mediated by the gene- tion and motion of one-dimensional crystal defects, the so-called dislocations. Thus, the density and dynamic properties of the dislocations determine the plastic behavior of the respective materials and frequently also their failure. Thedislocationdynamics, that is, the responseofthedislocationsto anext- nal load, is controlled by the interaction between the moving dislocations with the periodic crystal lattice structure, other crystal defects from point defects oversmall clusters to largerprecipitates, with other dislocations fo- ing a microstructure through which the mobile dislocations have to move, and ?nally the grain and phase structure of the material. Considering these di?erent interactions, the dislocation motion turns out to be quite a complex process. In situ straining experiments in a transmission electron microscope are a powerful means for studying the microprocesses controlling the dislocation mobility. With this method, dislocations candirectly be observedduring their motionunderload.Thetechniqueadvancedwhenhigh-voltageelectronmic- scopes became commercially available at the end of the 1960s, ?rst in Japan and later on also in other countries. These microscopes enable the transm- sion of thicker specimens, which have properties similar to macroscopic bulk specimens.Besides, they o?ersu?cientroomfor elaboratedeformationstages in the specimen chamber. In the last 30 years, in situ straining experiments were performed on many materials, both in conventional and in high-voltage electron microscopes. The present author and his coworkers performed such experiments over about 30 years, yielding many hours of video recordings of dislocation mot

This book explores the constitutional, legally binding dimension to legisprudence in the light of the German Federal Constitutional Courts approach to rational lawmaking. Over the last decades this court has been remarkably active in applying legisprudential criteria and standards when reviewing parliamentary laws. It has thus supplied observers with a unique material to analyse the lawmakers' duty to legislate rationally, and to assess the virtues and drawbacks of this strand of judicial control in a constitutional democracy. By bringing together legislation experts and public law scholars to elaborate on 'legisprudence under review', this contributed volume aspires to shed light on the constitutionalisation of rational lawmaking as a controversial trend gaining ground in both national and international jurisdictions. The book is divided into five parts. Part I frames the two key issues pervading the whole collection: the intricate relationship between judicial review and democracy, on the one hand, and the possibility of improving and rationalizing the task of legislation under the current circumstances of politics, on the other. Part II provides an overview of the judicial review of rational lawmaking, laying special emphasis on the duty of legislative justification imposed on lawmakers by the German Constitutional Court. Part III is devoted to the review of the systemic rationality of legislation, in particular to the requirements of legislative consistence and coherence as developed by this court. Contributions in Part IV revolve around the judicial scrutiny of the socio-empirical elements of rational lawmaking, with the control of legislative facts and impacts and the problem of symbolic laws being the central topics. Finally, Part V draws on the German case law to discuss the links between rational lawmaking, balancing and proportionality, and the interdependence between process review and substantive review of legislation.

Written by one of the most significant contributors to the progress of protein crystallography, this practical guide contains case studies, a troubleshooting section and pointers on data interpretation. It covers the theory, practice and latest achievements in x-ray crystallography, such that any researcher in structural biology will benefit from this extremely clearly written book.

Part A covers the theoretical basis and such experimental techniques as principles of x-ray diffraction, solutions for the phase problem and time-resolved x-ray crystallography.
Part B includes case studies for different kinds of x-ray crystal structure determination, such as the MIRAS and MAD techniques, molecular replacement, and the difference Fourier technique.

In this book, James W. Messerschmidt and Tristan Bridges apply a new conceptual framework of sex, gender, and sexual identity formation. Sociologists tend to study social practice as exclusively or primarily accomplished either routinely or reflexively, although theorizing gender has been less susceptible to that criticism than have other subfields. Yet, the dynamic relationship between routine and reflexivity is undertheorized. Sociologists often miss the coexistence of reflexivity and routine in gender practice and identity formations. Rather than interrogating gender practice as either routine or reflexivity, Messerschmidt and Bridges present data from life history interviews that documents routine and reflexive sex, gender, and sexual identities as typical and extensive rather than exceptional. A Kaleidoscope of Identities reveals the more elusive elements of sex, gender, and sexual life, which are often difficult to capture in quantifiable variables.

James W. Messerschmidt's Masculinities and Crime quickly became a classic text for social scientists examining the relationship between masculinities and crime. The book is completely revised and unique in its focus on Messerschmidt's most important research and theorizing accomplished over the last twenty-five years, as well as for its emphasis on selected studies by other scholars that represent the diversity of contemporary research on masculinities and crime. This anniversary edition brings together a combination of the "old" and the "new" to examine what insight each have to offer scholars in terms of knowledge about the social construction of masculinities and crime.

James W. Messerschmidt's Masculinities and Crime quickly became a classic text for social scientists examining the relationship between masculinities and crime. The book is completely revised and unique in its focus on Messerschmidt's most important research and theorizing accomplished over the last twenty-five years, as well as for its emphasis on selected studies by other scholars that represent the diversity of contemporary research on masculinities and crime. This anniversary edition brings together a combination of the "old" and the "new" to examine what insight each have to offer scholars in terms of knowledge about the social construction of masculinities and crime.

The concept of hegemonic masculinity, formulated by Raewyn Connell more than three decades ago, has been the driving force behind the expanding field of masculinities studies. Hegemonic Masculinity: Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification provides the first comprehensive overview of the concept-from its original conception to how it has evolved over time. The book also examines some of the most powerful ways the concept is being used in contemporary gender studies. Hegemonic Masculinity describes the development of the concept, the actual formulation and initial applications of the concept, the eventual reformulation and subsequent applications of that reformulation, and finally, the amplification of the reformulated concept of hegemonic masculinity. The book also includes a chapter theorizing why and how hegemonic masculinities are constructed, and the concluding chapter chronicles the prospects for social change toward more egalitarian gender relations. Hegemonic Masculinity: Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification brings together for the first time in one volume the history of the concept as well as a discussion and examination of some of the most important research accomplished on hegemonic masculinity over the last thirty years.

This book presents the life stories of nine boys to examine the differential use of violence as a resource for "doing masculinity" in specific situations and circumstances thus helping us understand the highly gendered ratio of crime in industrialized societies as well as national tragedies.

In Masculinities in the Making, James W. Messerschmidt unravels the mysteries surrounding the question of how masculinities are actually "made." One of the most respected scholars on the subject of masculinities, Messerschmidt brings together three seemingly disparate groups-wimps, genderqueers, and U.S. presidents-to examine what insight each has to offer our understanding of masculinities. The book is unique in its coverage, including a revised structured action theory; an intersectional analysis of sex, gender, and sexuality; and an examination of the differences among masculinities from the local to the global. Messerschmidt provides a fresh, accessible, and provocative argument that significantly advances our knowledge on masculinities.

In Masculinities in the Making, James W. Messerschmidt unravels the mysteries surrounding the question of how masculinities are actually "made." One of the most respected scholars on the subject of masculinities, Messerschmidt brings together three seemingly disparate groups-wimps, genderqueers, and U.S. presidents-to examine what insight each has to offer our understanding of masculinities. The book is unique in its coverage, including a revised structured action theory; an intersectional analysis of sex, gender, and sexuality; and an examination of the differences among masculinities from the local to the global. Messerschmidt provides a fresh, accessible, and provocative argument that significantly advances our knowledge on masculinities.

James W. Messerschmidt's groundbreaking book Crime as Structured Action demonstrates that to understand crime, we must understand how crime operates through a complex series of gender, race, sexual, and class practices. In the second edition of this powerful book, Messerschmidt updates both structured action theory as well as several of the original case studies, and he includes a new case study that further brings structured action theory to life. The book also features expanded discussions of whiteness and sexuality, and their relationships to crime.

James W. Messerschmidt's groundbreaking book Crime as Structured Action demonstrates that to understand crime, we must understand how crime operates through a complex series of gender, race, sexual, and class practices. In the second edition of this powerful book, Messerschmidt updates both structured action theory as well as several of the original case studies, and he includes a new case study that further brings structured action theory to life. The book also features expanded discussions of whiteness and sexuality, and their relationships to crime.

In Gender, Heterosexuality, and Youth Violence, James W. Messerschmidt unravels some of the mysteries of teenage violence. Written by one of the most respected scholars on the subject of gendered crime, this book provides a fascinating account of the connections among adolescent masculinities and femininities, bullying in schools, the body, heterosexuality, and violence and nonviolence. After an introduction that lays out key concepts, including a revised structured action theory, Messerschmidt shares six compelling life-histories of white working-class boys and girls who have all been victims of severe forms of bullying at school. The book is unique in its comparative approach between violent and nonviolent youth, between boys and girls as offenders and non-offenders, between assaultive and sexual violence, and among a variety of masculinities and femininities. It also addresses how heterosexuality is related to sex, gender, and certain forms of violence or non-violence. The penetrating life histories are partially drawn from Messerschmid's previous books Nine Lives and Flesh and Blood, as well as several completely new life-history interviews. The book's cutting-edge conceptualization of these life histories provides novel insight into the vexing question of youth violence.

In Gender, Heterosexuality, and Youth Violence, James W. Messerschmidt unravels some of the mysteries of teenage violence. Written by one of the most respected scholars on the subject of gendered crime, this book provides a fascinating account of the connections among adolescent masculinities and femininities, bullying in schools, the body, heterosexuality, and violence and nonviolence. After an introduction that lays out key concepts, including a revised structured action theory, Messerschmidt shares six compelling life-histories of white working-class boys and girls who have all been victims of severe forms of bullying at school. The book is unique in its comparative approach between violent and nonviolent youth, between boys and girls as offenders and non-offenders, between assaultive and sexual violence, and among a variety of masculinities and femininities. It also addresses how heterosexuality is related to sex, gender, and certain forms of violence or non-violence. The penetrating life histories are partially drawn from Messerschmid's previous books Nine Lives and Flesh and Blood, as well as several completely new life-history interviews. The book's cutting-edge conceptualization of these life histories provides novel insight into the vexing question of youth violence.

Vivid narratives, fresh insights, and new theories on where gender theory and research stand today Since scholars began interrogating the meaning of gender and sexuality in society, this field has become essential to the study of sociology. Gender Reckonings aims to map new directions for understanding gender and sexuality within a more pragmatic, dynamic, and socially relevant framework. It shows how gender relations must be understood on a large scale as well as in intimate detail. The contributors return to the basics, questioning how gender patterns change, how we can realize gender equality, and how the structures of gender impact daily life. Gender Reckonings covers not only foundational concepts of gender relations and gender justice, but also explores postcolonial patterns of gender, intersectionality, gender fluidity, transgender practices, neoliberalism, and queer theory. Gender Reckonings combines the insights of gender and sexuality scholars from different generations, fields, and world regions. The editors and contributors are leading social scientists from six continents, and the book gives vivid accounts of the changing politics of gender in different communities. Rich in empirical detail and novel thinking, Gender Reckonings is a lasting resource for students, researchers, activists, policymakers, and everyone concerned with gender justice.

Sociologists and criminologists have long known that there is a relationship between masculinity and crime. Indeed, gender has been advanced consistently as the strongest predictor of criminal involvement. Flesh and Blood provides a fascinating account of the connection among adolescent gender diversity, the body, and assaultive violence. The book is divided into four parts. In Part I, the author explores the history of criminology as a discipline, paying particular attention to the misgivings about the body, gender, and crime. Messerschmidt shows that criminology historically has maintained, in various ways, the mind-body, sex-gender, and gender difference binaries. In Part II, Messerschmidt presents a theoretical framework_structured action theory_for overcoming these binaries. This perspective allows conceptualization of: embodiment as a lived aspect of gender, both gender differences and gender similarities in the commission of crime, how embodied social action is embedded in specific structural gender relations in particular settings, and how embodied social actions may be related to violence and nonviolence. The methodology for the study is also presented in Part II, which seeks to understand, through life-history interviews, certain boys' and girls' use of assaultive violence as a gendered practice. Part III presents in depth life histories of four white working-class boys and girls involved in assaultive violence. The two chief questions addressed in these life stories are: Why is it that some boys and some girls engage in assaultive violence and how are these violent boys and girls similar and different? How are gender relations in specific settings-such as the family, the school, and the street-related to motivation for embodied violence and nonviolence by the same boys and girls? Part IV puts structured action theory to work by analyzing the three major sites (home, school, and street) of the boys' and girls' life histories and how these are related to assaultive violence and nonviolence. The analysis reveals both similarities and differences between assaultive boys and girls and the fallacy of the mind-body, sex-gender, and gender difference binaries. The book closes with a chapter on how girls' assaultive violence may disrupt gender difference in various ways.

Sociologists and criminologists have long known that there is a relationship between masculinity and crime, for gender has been advanced consistently as the strongest predictor of criminal involvement. Nine Lives, written by one of the most respected authorities on the subject of gender and crime, provides a fascinating account of the connection a

In this book, James W. Messerschmidt and Tristan Bridges apply a new conceptual framework of sex, gender, and sexual identity formation. Sociologists tend to study social practice as exclusively or primarily accomplished either routinely or reflexively, although theorizing gender has been less susceptible to that criticism than have other subfields. Yet, the dynamic relationship between routine and reflexivity is undertheorized. Sociologists often miss the coexistence of reflexivity and routine in gender practice and identity formations. Rather than interrogating gender practice as either routine or reflexivity, Messerschmidt and Bridges present data from life history interviews that documents routine and reflexive sex, gender, and sexual identities as typical and extensive rather than exceptional. A Kaleidoscope of Identities reveals the more elusive elements of sex, gender, and sexual life, which are often difficult to capture in quantifiable variables.

The concept of hegemonic masculinity, formulated by Raewyn Connell more than three decades ago, has been the driving force behind the expanding field of masculinities studies. Hegemonic Masculinity: Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification provides the first comprehensive overview of the concept-from its original conception to how it has evolved over time. The book also examines some of the most powerful ways the concept is being used in contemporary gender studies. Hegemonic Masculinity describes the development of the concept, the actual formulation and initial applications of the concept, the eventual reformulation and subsequent applications of that reformulation, and finally, the amplification of the reformulated concept of hegemonic masculinity. The book also includes a chapter theorizing why and how hegemonic masculinities are constructed, and the concluding chapter chronicles the prospects for social change toward more egalitarian gender relations. Hegemonic Masculinity: Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification brings together for the first time in one volume the history of the concept as well as a discussion and examination of some of the most important research accomplished on hegemonic masculinity over the last thirty years.

Analyzing the speeches of the two Bush presidencies, this book presents a new conceptualization of hegemonic masculinity by making the case for a multiplicity of hegemonic masculinites locally, regionally, and globally. This book outlines how state leaders may appeal to particular hegemonic masculinites in their attempt to "sell" wars and thereby camouflage salient political practices in the process. Messerschmidt offers a fresh historical perspective on the war against Iraq over an 18-year period, and he argues that we cannot truly understand this war outside of its gendered (masculine) and historical context.

Analyzing the speeches of the two Bush presidencies, this book presents a new conceptualization of hegemonic masculinity by making the case for a multiplicity of hegemonic masculinites locally, regionally, and globally. This book outlines how state leaders may appeal to particular hegemonic masculinites in their attempt to "sell" wars and thereby camouflage salient political practices in the process. Messerschmidt offers a fresh historical perspective on the war against Iraq over an 18-year period, and he argues that we cannot truly understand this war outside of its gendered (masculine) and historical context.