John Locke's complex masterpiece, "An Essay of Human Understanding," was a sustained attack on the dogmatism of the day and the last great work of philosophical realism before the onset of idealism. One of the most influential books in the history of thought, it is the most renowned work of the great English philosopher. Originally published in two volumes, this one-volume edition of "Locke" examines the historical meaning and philosophical significance of this work through careful explanations of the context of debate to which it was a decisive contribution. The first volume of this comprehensive work focuses on Locke's "Essay" from the epistemological side, and the second turns to the concepts of Locke's ontology--substance, mode, essence, law, and identity.

This book is available either individually, or as part of the specially-priced Arguments of the Philosphers Collection.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The internet played a central role in some of the most memorable instances of contemporary political activism. On-line information sites enabled more than 70,000 protestors to come together to take on the World Trade Organization at the "Battle of Seattle" in 1999; similar ad-hoc groups were assembled at the April 2000 World Bank protests in Washington, D.C., at George W. Bush's inauguration, and most recently at the World Economic Forum in New York. Cyberactivism examines the growing importance of on-line activism. The contributors show how online activists have used new technologies as a tool for change, and how they have given new meaning to terms such as 'activism' and 'community'. Topics addressed include the Mexican Zapatista movement's use of the web to promote their cause globally, and the activities of 'hacktivists' who disrupt commercial computer websites.

John Locke is the greatest English philosopher. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, one of the most influential books in the history of thought, is his greatest work. In this study the historical meaning and philosophical significance of Locke's Essay are investigated more comprehensively than ever before. Locke was originally published in two volumes, Epistemology and Ontology. This paperback edition has within its covers the full text of both volumes.

The internet played a central role in some of the most memorable instances of contemporary political activism. On-line information sites enabled more than 70,000 protestors to come together to take on the World Trade Organization at the "Battle of Seattle" in 1999; similar ad-hoc groups were assembled at the April 2000 World Bank protests in Washington, D.C., at George W. Bush's inauguration, and most recently at the World Economic Forum in New York. Cyberactivism examines the growing importance of on-line activism. The contributors show how online activists have used new technologies as a tool for change, and how they have given new meaning to terms such as 'activism' and 'community'. Topics addressed include the Mexican Zapatista movement's use of the web to promote their cause globally, and the activities of 'hacktivists' who disrupt commercial computer websites.

Occasionally in life we come across something that is different and quite exceptional. `Living Proof' comes in that category. It is not often that a mature male opens his heart and mind to the world in order that other people can feel and follow the traumas he has gone through seeing his wife die. The difference in this book is the way Michael Ayers' wife, Libby, has been able to reach back to him from the Spirit World in order to help him overcome the depression following her death and to develop his own spiritual gifts that serve to guide and comfort others.

Kayla is a 17 year-old girl who has a unique best friend. He has helped Kayla through many rough times. He was there when she lost a very important person in her life and when a friend of hers got into some serious trouble. What makes this best friend so unique? He's an angel. An Archangel to be exact. Archangel Michael (St. Michael): Chief of the Army of God and Patron Saint of police officers and soldiers. He's also Kayla's protector and best friend.

NIGHTCRAWLERS lurk in the woods looking for hapless travelers, adventuring heroes, anyone fool enough to wander out when the moon is full. They have their say in everyone's life, even though they are rarely seen by anyone still around to talk about it. "This was no ordinary death I ran from." NIGHTCRAWLERS collects for the first time the thrilling fantasy series by Mike Ayers and Will Grant.

This book covers mass media and the sensational crime.Centered on a series of dramatic murders in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Richmond, Virginia, ""The Body in the Reservoir"" uses these gripping stories of crime to explore the evolution of sensationalism in southern culture.In Richmond, as across the nation, the embrace of modernity was accompanied by the prodigious growth of mass culture and its accelerating interest in lurid stories of crime and bloodshed. But while others have emphasized the importance of the penny press and yellow journalism on the shifting nature of the media and cultural responses to violence, Michael Trotti reveals a more gradual and nuanced story of change. In addition, Richmond's racial makeup (one-third to one-half of the population was African American) allows Trotti to challenge assumptions about how black and white media reported the sensational; the surprising discrepancies offer insight into just how differently these two communities experienced American justice.An engaging look at the connections between culture and violence, this book gets to the heart - or perhaps the shadowy underbelly - of the sensational as the South became modern.

What is knowledge? What, if anything, can we know? In Knowing and Seeing, Michael Ayers recovers the insight in the traditional distinction between knowledge and belief, according to which 'knowledge' stems from direct and perspicuous cognitive contact with ('seeing') its object, whereas 'belief' relies on 'extraneous' justification. He conducts a careful phenomenological analysis of what it is to perceive one's environment as one's environment, the result of which is not only direct realism, but recognition that in being perceptually aware of anything we are at the same time perceptually aware of how we are aware of it. Perceptual knowing comes with knowing how you know. Some other forms of knowledge are similarly direct and perspicuous, but not all; a distinction is accordingly drawn between primary and secondary knowledge, and Ayers argues that no secondary knowledge is possible without some primary knowledge. Perceptual knowledge supplies the paradigm to which other cases of knowledge are diversely analogous - hence the notorious difficulty of defining knowledge. These conclusions, supported by a detailed examination of the relations between different grammatical constructions in which 'know', 'believe' and 'see' occur, fuel extended critiques of two lines of thought influential in contemporary epistemology: John McDowell's conceptualist and intellectualist account of perceptual knowledge, and Fred Dretske's 'externalist' employment of sceptical argument. Ayers unpicks the arguments for these other views, explains the failure of recent attempts at a comprehensive definition of knowledge, explores the tight relation between knowledge and certainty, and gives an account of how 'defeasibility' should and should not be understood in epistemology.

Before 1850, all legal executions in the South were performed before crowds that could number in the thousands; the last legal public execution was in 1936. This study focuses on the shift from public executions to ones behind barriers, situating that change within our understandings of lynching and competing visions of justice and religion. Intended to shame and intimidate, public executions after the Civil War had quite a different effect on southern Black communities. Crowds typically consisting of as many Black people as white behaved like congregations before a macabre pulpit, led in prayer and song by a Black minister on the scaffold. Black criminals often proclaimed their innocence and almost always their salvation. This turned the proceedings into public, mixed-race and mixed-gender celebrations of Black religious authority and devotion. In response, southern states rewrote their laws to eliminate these crowds and this Black authority, ultimately turning to electrocutions in the bowels of state penitentiaries. In just the same era when a wave of lynchings crested around the turn of the twentieth century, states transformed the ways that the South's white-dominated governments controlled legal capital punishment, making executions into private affairs witnessed only by white people.

Before 1850, all legal executions in the South were performed before crowds that could number in the thousands; the last legal public execution was in 1936. This study focuses on the shift from public executions to ones behind barriers, situating that change within our understandings of lynching and competing visions of justice and religion. Intended to shame and intimidate, public executions after the Civil War had quite a different effect on southern Black communities. Crowds typically consisting of as many Black people as white behaved like congregations before a macabre pulpit, led in prayer and song by a Black minister on the scaffold. Black criminals often proclaimed their innocence and almost always their salvation. This turned the proceedings into public, mixed-race and mixed-gender celebrations of Black religious authority and devotion. In response, southern states rewrote their laws to eliminate these crowds and this Black authority, ultimately turning to electrocutions in the bowels of state penitentiaries. In just the same era when a wave of lynchings crested around the turn of the twentieth century, states transformed the ways that the South's white-dominated governments controlled legal capital punishment, making executions into private affairs witnessed only by white people.