This is a text for students who have had a three-course calculus sequence and who are ready to explore the logical structure of analysis as the backbone of calculus. It begins with a development of the real numbers, building this system from more basic objects (natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, Cauchy sequences), and it produces basic algebraic and metric properties of the real number line as propositions, rather than axioms. The text also makes use of the complex numbers and incorporates this into the development of differential and integral calculus. For example, it develops the theory of the exponential function for both real and complex arguments, and it makes a geometrical study of the curve (expit)(expit), for real tt, leading to a self-contained development of the trigonometric functions and to a derivation of the Euler identity that is very different from what one typically sees. Further topics include metric spaces, the Stone–Weierstrass theorem, and Fourier series.

The third of three volumes on partial differential equations, this is devoted to nonlinear PDE. It treats a number of equations of classical continuum mechanics, including relativistic versions, as well as various equations arising in differential geometry, such as in the study of minimal surfaces, isometric imbedding, conformal deformation, harmonic maps, and prescribed Gauss curvature. In addition, some nonlinear diffusion problems are studied. It also introduces such analytical tools as the theory of L Sobolev spaces, H lder spaces, Hardy spaces, and Morrey spaces, and also a development of Calderon-Zygmund theory and paradifferential operator calculus. The book is aimed at graduate students in mathematics, and at professional mathematicians with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis and complex analysis

The first of three volumes on partial differential equations, this one introduces basic examples arising in continuum mechanics, electromagnetism, complex analysis and other areas, and develops a number of tools for their solution, in particular Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and Sobolev spaces. These tools are then applied to the treatment of basic problems in linear PDE, including the Laplace equation, heat equation, and wave equation, as well as more general elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic equations.The book is targeted at graduate students in mathematics and at professional mathematicians with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and complex analysis.

This text provides an introduction to the theory of partial differential equations. It introduces basic examples of partial differential equations, arising in continuum mechanics, electromagnetism, complex analysis and other areas, and develops a number of tools for their solution, including particularly Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and Sobolev spaces. These tools are applied to the treatment of basic problems in linear PDE, including the Laplace equation, heat equation, and wave equation, as well as more general elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic equations. Companion texts, which take the theory of partial differential equations further, are AMS volume 116, treating more advanced topics in linear PDE, and AMS volume 117, treating problems in nonlinear PDE. This book is addressed to graduate students in mathematics and to professional mathematicians, with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and complex analysis.

This second in the series of three volumes builds upon the basic theory of linear PDE given in volume 1, and pursues more advanced topics. Analytical tools introduced here include pseudodifferential operators, the functional analysis of self-adjoint operators, and Wiener measure. The book also develops basic differential geometrical concepts, centered about curvature. Topics covered include spectral theory of elliptic differential operators, the theory of scattering of waves by obstacles, index theory for Dirac operators, and Brownian motion and diffusion. The book is targeted at graduate students in mathematics and at professional mathematicians with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and complex analysis. The third edition further expands the material by incorporating new theorems and applications throughout the book, and by deepening connections and relating concepts across chapters.  It includes new sections on rigid body motion, on probabilistic results related to random walks, on aspects of operator theory related to quantum mechanics, on overdetermined systems, and on the Euler equation for incompressible fluids.  The appendices have also been updated with additional results, ranging from weak convergence of measures to the curvature of Kahler manifolds. Michael E. Taylor is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Review of first edition: “These volumes will be read by several generations of readers eager to learn the modern theory of partial differential equations of mathematical physics and the analysis in which this theory is rooted.� (Peter Lax, SIAM review, June 1998)

This text introduces students to the theory and practice of differential equations, which are fundamental to the mathematical formulation of problems in physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and other sciences. The book is ideally suited for undergraduate or beginning graduate students in mathematics, and will also be useful for students in the physical sciences and engineering who have already taken a three-course calculus sequence. This second edition incorporates much new material, including sections on the Laplace transform and the matrix Laplace transform, a section devoted to Bessel's equation, and sections on applications of variational methods to geodesics and to rigid body motion. There is also a more complete treatment of the Runge-Kutta scheme, as well as numerous additions and improvements to the original text. Students finishing this book will be well prepared for advanced studies in dynamical systems, mathematical physics, and partial differential equations.

This text was produced for the second part of a two-part sequence on advanced calculus, whose aim is to provide a firm logical foundation for analysis. The first part treats analysis in one variable, and the text at hand treats analysis in several variables. After a review of topics from one-variable analysis and linear algebra, the text treats in succession multivariable differential calculus, including systems of differential equations, and multivariable integral calculus. It builds on this to develop calculus on surfaces in Euclidean space and also on manifolds. It introduces differential forms and establishes a general Stokes formula. It describes various applications of Stokes formula, from harmonic functions to degree theory. The text then studies the differential geometry of surfaces, including geodesics and curvature, and makes contact with degree theory, via the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The text also takes up Fourier analysis, and bridges this with results on surfaces, via Fourier analysis on spheres and on compact matrix groups.

This second in the series of three volumes builds upon the basic theory of linear PDE given in volume 1, and pursues more advanced topics. Analytical tools introduced here include pseudodifferential operators, the functional analysis of self-adjoint operators, and Wiener measure. The book also develops basic differential geometrical concepts, centred about curvature. Topics covered include spectral theory of elliptic differential operators, the theory of scattering of waves by obstacles, index theory for Dirac operators, and Brownian motion and diffusion.

The third of three volumes on partial differential equations, this is devoted to nonlinear PDE. It treats a number of equations of classical continuum mechanics, including relativistic versions, as well as various equations arising in differential geometry, such as in the study of minimal surfaces, isometric imbedding, conformal deformation, harmonic maps, and prescribed Gauss curvature. In addition, some nonlinear diffusion problems are studied. It also introduces such analytical tools as the theory of L^p Sobolev spaces, Holder spaces, Hardy spaces, and Morrey spaces, and also a development of Calderon-Zygmund theory and paradifferential operator calculus. The book is targeted at graduate students in mathematics and at professional mathematicians with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and complex analysis.  The third edition further expands the material by incorporating new theorems and applications throughout the book, and by deepening connections and relating concepts across chapters.  It includes new sections on rigid body motion, on probabilistic results related to random walks, on aspects of operator theory related to quantum mechanics, on overdetermined systems, and on the Euler equation for incompressible fluids.  The appendices have also been updated with additional results, ranging from weak convergence of measures to the curvature of Kahler manifolds. Michael E. Taylor is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Review of first edition: “These volumes will be read by several generations of readers eager to learn the modern theory of partial differential equations of mathematical physics and the analysis in which this theory is rooted.� (Peter Lax, SIAM review, June 1998)

The first of three volumes on partial differential equations, this one introduces basic examples arising in continuum mechanics, electromagnetism, complex analysis and other areas, and develops a number of tools for their solution, in particular Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and Sobolev spaces. These tools are then applied to the treatment of basic problems in linear PDE, including the Laplace equation, heat equation, and wave equation, as well as more general elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic equations. The book is targeted at graduate students in mathematics and at professional mathematicians with an interest in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and complex analysis. The third edition further expands the material by incorporating new theorems and applications throughout the book, and by deepening connections and relating concepts across chapters.  In includes new sections on rigid body motion, on probabilistic results related to random walks, on aspects of operator theory related to quantum mechanics, on overdetermined systems, and on the Euler equation for incompressible fluids.  The appendices have also been updated with additional results, ranging from weak convergence of measures to the curvature of Kahler manifolds.Michael E. Taylor is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Review of first edition: “These volumes will be read by several generations of readers eager to learn the modern theory of partial differential equations of mathematical physics and the analysis in which this theory is rooted.� (Peter Lax, SIAM review, June 1998)

This text develops linear algebra with the view that it is an important gateway connecting elementary mathematics to more advanced subjects, such as advanced calculus, systems of differential equations, differential geometry, and group representations. The purpose of this book is to provide a treatment of this subject in sufficient depth to prepare the reader to tackle such further material. The text starts with vector spaces, over the sets of real and complex numbers, and linear transformations between such vector spaces. Later on, this setting is extended to general fields. The reader will be in a position to appreciate the early material on this more general level with minimal effort. Notable features of the text include a treatment of determinants, which is cleaner than one often sees, and a high degree of contact with geometry and analysis, particularly in the chapter on linear algebra on inner product spaces. In addition to studying linear algebra over general fields, the text has a chapter on linear algebra over rings. There is also a chapter on special structures, such as quaternions, Clifford algebras, and octonions.

The mathematical formulations of problems in physics, economics, biology, and other sciences are usually embodied in differential equations. The analysis of the resulting equations then provides new insight into the original problems. This book describes the tools for performing that analysis. The first chapter treats single differential equations, emphasizing linear and nonlinear first order equations, linear second order equations, and a class of nonlinear second order equations arising from Newton's laws. The first order linear theory starts with a self-contained presentation of the exponential and trigonometric functions, which plays a central role in the subsequent development of this chapter. Chapter 2 provides a mini-course on linear algebra, giving detailed treatments of linear transformations, determinants and invertibility, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and generalized eigenvectors. This treatment is more detailed than that in most differential equations texts, and provides a solid foundation for the next two chapters. Chapter 3 studies linear systems of differential equations. It starts with the matrix exponential, melding material from Chapters 1 and 2, and uses this exponential as a key tool in the linear theory. Chapter 4 deals with nonlinear systems of differential equations. This uses all the material developed in the first three chapters and moves it to a deeper level. The chapter includes theoretical studies, such as the fundamental existence and uniqueness theorem, but also has numerous examples, arising from Newtonian physics, mathematical biology, electrical circuits, and geometrical problems. These studies bring in variational methods, a fertile source of nonlinear systems of differential equations. The reader who works through this book will be well prepared for advanced studies in dynamical systems, mathematical physics, and partial differential equations.