The present volume contains twelve chapters authored by specialists of Asian, African and European manuscript cultures reflecting on the cohesion of written artefacts, particularly manuscripts. Assuming that ‘codicological units’ exist in every manuscript culture and that they are usually composed of discrete elements (such as clay tablets, papyrus sheets, bamboo slips, parchment bifolios, palm leaves), the issue of the cohesion of the constituents is a general one. The volume presents a series of case studies on devices and strategies adopted to achieve this cohesion by manuscript cultures distant in space (from China to West Africa) and time (from the third millennium bce to the present). This comparative view provides the frame for the understanding of a phenomenon that appears to be of essential importance for the study of the structure of written artefacts. Regardless of the way in which cohesion is realised, all strategies and devices that allow the constituents to be kept together are subsumed under the term ‘binding’. Thus, it is possible to highlight similarities, convergences, and unique physical and technical methods adopted by various manuscript cultures to face a common challenge.

Composite and multiple-text manuscripts are traditionally studied for their individual texts, but recent trends in codicology have paved the way for a more comprehensive approach: Manuscripts are unique artefacts which reveal how they were produced and used as physical objects. While multiple-text manuscripts codicologically are to be considered as production units, i.e. they were originally planned and realized in order to carry more than one text, composites consist of formerly independent codicological units and were put together at a later stage with intentions that might be completely different from those of its original parts. Both sub-types of manuscripts are still sometimes called "miscellanies", a term relating to the texts only. The codicological difference is important for reconstructing why and how these manuscripts which in many cases resemble (or contain) a small library were produced and used. Contributions on the manuscript cultures of China, India, Africa, the Islamic world and European traditions lead not only to the conclusion that "one-volume libraries" have been produced in many manuscript cultures, but allow also for the identification of certain types of uses.

The case studies presented in this volume help illuminate the rationale for the founding of libraries in an age when books were handwritten, thus contributing to the comparative history of libraries. They focus on examples ranging from the seventh to the seventeenth century emanating from the Muslim World, East Asia, Byzantium and Western Europe. Accumulation and preservation are the key motivations for the development of libraries. Rulers, scholars and men of religion were clearly dedicated to collecting books and sought to protect these fragile objects against the various hazards that threatened their survival. Many of these treasured books are long gone, but there remain hosts of evidence enabling one to reconstruct the collections to which they belonged, found in ancient buildings, literary accounts, archival documentation and, most crucially, catalogues. With such material at hand or, in some cases, the manuscripts of a certain library which have come down to us, it is possible to reflect on the nature of these libraries of the past, the interests of their owners, and their role in the intellectual history of the manuscript age.

Fakes and forgeries are objects of fascination. This volume contains a series of thirteen articles devoted to fakes and forgeries of written artefacts from the beginnings of writing in Mesopotamia to modern China. The studies emphasise the subtle distinctions conveyed by an established vocabulary relating to the reproduction of ancient artefacts and production of artefacts claiming to be ancient: from copies, replicas and imitations to fakes and forgeries. Fakes are often a response to a demand from the public or scholarly milieu, or even both. The motives behind their production may be economic, political, religious or personal - aspiring to fame or simply playing a joke. Fakes may be revealed by combining the study of their contents, codicological, epigraphic and palaeographic analyses, and scientific investigations. However, certain famous unsolved cases still continue to defy technology today, no matter how advanced it is. Nowadays, one can find fakes in museums and private collections alike; they abound on the antique market, mixed with real artefacts that have often been looted. The scientific community's attitude to such objects calls for ethical reflection.

Archives are considered to be collections of administrative, legal, commercial and other records or the actual place where they are located. They have become ubiquitous in the modern world, but emerged not much later than the invention of writing. Following Foucault, who first used the word archive in a metaphorical sense as "the general system of the formation and transformation of statements" in his "Archaeology of Knowledge" (1969), postmodern theorists have tried to exploit the potential of this concept and initiated the "archival turn". In recent years, however, archives have attracted the attention of anthropologists and historians of different denominations regarding them as historical objects and "grounding" them again in real institutions. The papers in this volume explore the complex topic of the archive in a historical, systematic and comparative context and view it in the broader context of manuscript cultures by addressing questions like how, by whom and for which purpose were archival records produced, and if they differ from literary manuscripts regarding materials, formats, and producers (scribes).

Early Modern English Lexicography presents for the first time a census of printed monolingual glossaries and dictionaries published from 1475 to 1640, together with a systematic bibliographical description of these works. The lemmatical material is listed alphabetically and documented according to the criteria of the Oxford English Dictionary. A second volume compiles additions and corrections to the Oxford English Dictionary documentation never before published, and discusses in detail lexicographical aspects pertinent to assembling this material. More than 5,000 main entries comprise neologisms, antedatings, post-datings, unregistered senses, additional citations, and corrections. Special attention is devoted to the question of lexical transmission through sources often overlooked in the Oxford English Dictionary. The volumes have been conceived as a specialized preliminary study of the growth and development of English lexicography in the Early Modern English period.

For blurb see Vol I: 8128479

Die Kultusministerkonferenz hat Ende 1980 eine Empfehlung zur Forderung der Menschenrechtserziehung in der Schule herausge geben. Es heiBt darin u. a.: "Eine Erziehung im Hinblick auf die Menschenrechte 5011 den Schuler bef?higen, sich in seinem personlichen und politischen Lebensumkreis fur ihre Realisierung einzusetzen. Er 5011 bereit sein, die Frage nach der Verwirklichung der Menschenrechte als wichtigen MaBstab fur die Beurteilung der politischen Verh?lt nisse im eigenen wie in anderen L?ndern zu nutzen. Eingeschlos sen ist damit die Bereitschaft, fur die Rechte anderer einzu treten. " Das Faktum der Empfehlung deutet auf ein inhaltliches Desiderat in Schulen und anderen Bildungseinrichtungen hin. Auch nach der Empfehlung bleibt ein methodisches: Es werden keine Hinweise gegeben, wie eine an den Menschenrechten orientierte Erziehung unter den gegebenen Bedingungen von Gesellschaft und Schule zu bewerkstelligen ist. Im FEoLL-Projekt "Politisches Lernen mit Medien" wird als mog licher Ansatz einer Menschenrechtserziehung die Theorie der moralischen Entwicklung von Lawrence KOHLBERG zugrunde gelegt mit dem ZieI, modellhaft theoretisch fundierte Unterrichtsein 1 heiten zu entwickeln. ) Im Rahmen dieses Projekts hat Peter Michael FRIEDRICHS die Aufgabe ubernommen, bestehende oder mog liche Verbindungen zwischen einer auf den KOHLBERGschen Arbei ten fuBenden Menschenrechtserziehung und verbreiteten Politik didaktiken zu prufen. Der nun vorliegende Band stellt eine wesentliche Erweiterung der projektbezogenen Arbeit dar. Mit der Einbettung des Kern- 1) Als Ergebnis liegt eine in Kooperation mit der WDR-Schul fernsehredaktion produzierte vierteilige Schulfernsehreihe mit Lehrer- und Schuler-Begleitmaterialien vor. TiteI der Reihe: Jeder hat das Recht."

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ �ber Allgemeines Ma� Und Gewicht Aus Den Forderungen Der Natur, Des Handels, Der Polizei Und Der Gegenw�rtigen Noch �blichen Ma�e Und Gewichte Abgeleitet: Mit Vorschl�gen Zu Mittleren Maasen Und Gewichten Und Zu M�nzen In Leichtfa�lichen Verh�ltnissen Mit Den Metrischen, Unter ..., Volume 1; �ber Allgemeines Ma� Und Gewicht Aus Den Forderungen Der Natur, Des Handels, Der Polizei Und Der Gegenw�rtigen Noch �blichen Ma�e Und Gewichte Abgeleitet: Mit Vorschl�gen Zu Mittleren Maasen Und Gewichten Und Zu M�nzen In Leichtfa�lichen Verh�ltnissen Mit Den Metrischen, Unter Vorz�glicher R�cksicht Und Anwendung Auf Rheinische Lande. Erster Theil Mit Einem Titelkupfer Und Der Abbildung Des Vorgeschlagenen Fu�maases In Nat�rlicher Gr��e, Nebst Drey Maassystemtabellen; Michael Friedrich Wild Michael Friedrich Wild M�ller, 1815

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Rechtsgegrundete Ausfuhrung Von Der Ohnumstolichen Gultigkeit Der Familien-Anordnungen Des Altadelichen Geschlechts Der Tuchere Von Simmelsdorf ... Johann Michael Friedrich Lochner

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Nerium, Sive Rhododaphne Veterum Et Recentiorum, Qua Nerei Et Nereidum Mythologia Amyci Laurus Saccharum Al-haschar Et Ventus Ac Planta Badsamur Aliaque Explicantur Ac Diversis Sacrae Scripturae Locis Lux Affunditur: Dafne Constantiniana Michael Friedrich Lochner Hoffmann, 1716