Recent work on the history of migration and the Atlantic World has underscored the importance of the political economies of Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the eighteenth century, emphasizing the impact of these exchanges on political relations and state-building, and on economic structures, commerce, and wealth. Too little of this work explores culture and identity outside the Anglo-American context, especially as reflected through religious developments of radical Pietists and other Germans, the second largest group of migrants to the American colonies in the eighteenth century.

This volume offers a fresh vantage point from which to examine the Atlantic World. Quick to traverse the conventional political boundaries that divided European states and American colonies, Moravians departed their homeland to form new congregations in the most cosmopolitan European cities as well as on the North American frontier. Pious Pursuits explores the lives and beliefs of Atlantic World Moravians, as well as their communities and culture, and it provides a new framework for analysis of the Atlantic World that is comparative and transnational.

Michele Gillespie is Kahle Associate Professor of History at Wake Forest University. She received her Ph.D. from Princeton University, and is the author of numerous publications including "Free Labor in a Free World: White Artisans in Slaveholding Georgia, 1790-1860."

Robert Beachy is Associate Professor of History at Goucher College. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago and is the author of "The Soul of Commerce: Credit, Property, and Politics in Leipzig, 1750-1840." His current book project is "Berlin: Gay Metropolis, 1860-1933."

Although historians over the past two decades have written extensively on the plantation mistress and the slave woman, they have largely neglected the world of the working woman. "Neither Lady nor Slave" pushes southern history beyond the plantation to examine the lives and labors of ordinary southern women--white, free black, and Indian.

Contributors to this volume illuminate women's involvement in the southern market economy in all its diversity. Thirteen essays explore the working lives of a wide range of women--nuns and prostitutes, iron workers and basket weavers, teachers and domestic servants--in urban and rural settings across the South. By highlighting contrasts between paid and unpaid, officially acknowledged and "invisible" work within the context of cultural attitudes regarding women's proper place in society, the book sheds new light on the ambiguities that marked relations between race, class, and gender in the modernizing South.

Contributors
E. Susan Barber, College of Notre Dame of Maryland (Baltimore, Md.)
Bess Beatty, Oregon State University (Eugene, Ore.)
Emily Bingham (Louisville, Ky.)
James Taylor Carson, Queen's University (Kingston, Ontario, Canada)
Emily Clark, University of Southern Mississippi (Hattiesburg, Miss.)
Stephanie Cole, University of Texas at Arlington (Arlington, Tex.)
Susanna Delfino, University of Genoa (Genoa, Italy)
Michele Gillespie, Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, N.C.)
Sarah Hill (Atlanta, Ga.)
Barbara J. Howe, West Virginia University (Morgantown, W. Va.)
Timothy J. Lockley, University of Warwick (Coventry, England)
Stephanie McCurry, Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.)
Diane BattsMorrow, University of Georgia (Athens, Ga.)
Penny L. Richards, UCLA Center for the Study of Women (Los Angeles, Calif.)

North Carolina has had more than its share of accomplished, influential women--women who have expanded their sphere of influence or broken through barriers that had long defined and circumscribed their lives, women such as Elizabeth Maxwell Steele, the widow and tavern owner who supported the American Revolution; Harriet Jacobs, runaway slave, abolitionist, and author of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl"; and Edith Vanderbilt and Katharine Smith Reynolds, elite women who promoted women's equality. This collection of essays examines the lives and times of pathbreaking North Carolina women from the late eighteenth century into the early twentieth century, offering important new insights into the variety of North Carolina women's experiences across time, place, race, and class, and conveys how women were able to expand their considerable influence during periods of political challenge and economic hardship, particularly over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
These essays highlight North Carolina's progressive streak and its positive impact on women's education--for white and black alike-- beginning in the antebellum period on through new opportunities that opened up in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They explore the ways industrialization drew large numbers of women into the paid labor force for the first time and what the implications of this tremendous transition were; they also examine the women who challenged traditional gender roles, as political leaders and labor organizers, as runaways, and as widows. The volume is especially attuned to differences in region within North Carolina, delineating women's experiences in the eastern third of the state, the piedmont, and the western mountains.

While this thesis is about the historic British/Irish Problem it is not just another book on Irish history. Historians have a severe drawback in that they describe but don't prescribe. They can describe events and problems but are lax in prescribing remedies for these. Economists have a similar limitation. They can describe problems but have difficulty in prescribing remedies. Charlie Haughey said that if he were to ask ten economists the answer to an economic difficulty he would get ten different contradictory answers. To look at the matter in another way suppose all your doctor could do is describe your ailment but was unable to prescribe a remedy for it, it would be a waste of time talking to your doctor. While this thesis describes the nature of the Irish Problem it does more. It prescribes a remedy for it. In that sense this thesis is an improvement on books on history or economics. You are invited to read the book and find out about the nature of the Irish Problem in British Constitution and consider the prescribed remedy. You are free to make up your mind about the prescription. Should the Irish swallow the medicine and be cured or should they wash the medicine down the sink as too strong and distasteful? The verdict is yours. One can lead a horse to water but one can't make the horse drink. Michael Gillespie Author.

The June 2014 issue of Very Much Wow The Dogecoin Magazine. Very Much Wow features Dogecoin news, technology, community, interviews, humor, entertainment, art, and more In this issue: Interviews with Team Phoenicia CEO William Baird, V8 SuperDogeCar organizer Fulvio Gerardi, Cathy Keth of Doge4Education, Autorotation, DogeXM and more

These essays look at southern social customs within a single city in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, the volume focuses on paternalism between masters and slaves, husbands and wives, elites and the masses, and industrialists and workers. How Augusta's millworkers, homemakers, and others resisted, exploited, or endured the constraints of paternalism reveals the complex interplay between race, class, and gender. One essay looks at the subordinating effects of paternalism on women in the Old South-slave, free black, and white-and the coping strategies available to each group. Another focuses on the Knights of Labor union in Augusta. With their trappings of chivalry, the Knights are viewed as a response by Augusta's white male millworkers to the emasculating "maternalism" to which they were subjected by their own wives and daughters and those of mill owners and managers. Millworkers are also the topic of a study of mission work in their communities, a study that gauges the extent to which religious outreach by elites was a means of social control rather than an outpouring of genuine concern for worker welfare. Other essays discuss Augusta's "aristocracy of color," who had to endure the same effronteries of segregation as the city's poorest blacks; the role of interracial cooperation in the founding of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church as a denomination, and of Augusta's historic Trinity CME Church; and William Jefferson White, an African American minister, newspaper editor, and founder of Morehouse College. The varied and creative responses to paternalism discussed here open new ways to view relationships based on power and negotiated between men and women, blacks and whites, and the prosperous and the poor.

This book ---SIZE MATTERS --is the third part of a trilogy on the Irish Problem. While the trilogy has a unifying theme there is developed in each book a different story line. The first book - THE WAY IRELAND OUGHT TO BE --tells the story of a dissident teacher who is sectioned in a psychiatric clinic because of his views on Irish politics. The story examines the conflict in the clinic between the teacher and a state psychiatrist. The second book --THE RAPE OF VIRGIN MUNCHINDUN--- examines a tragic love relationship between two men in a rural parish in Ireland. The third book of the trilogy -SIZE MATTERS --examines a love relationship between a free-lance journalist Eoin Bradley and two women, one an ex-I.R.A. Republican and the other a member of the Orange Order. As a journalist Eoin publishes what he sees as the nuts and bolts of resolving the historic sectarian Irish problem. He finds however that in the two local parishes of Ardum and Ardee (one Catholic the other Protestant) what really divides the people are irrational beliefs they hold about each others physical make up. Using his imagination and ingenuity Eoin breaks down the myth barriers that keep the two communities apart and unites them in a new found harmony of love.

This book is set in the heartland of Ireland. Its story line relates the relationship between two men in a love that dares not speak its name. While that is the story line the theme of conflict between good and evil, runs through the book. Les Hamilton is a young protestant man who came to Munchindun to establish a forest. He meets up with a young unemployed penniless son of a gamekeeper called Pete Donovan and the two men fall in love. Les transforms Pete's life and the life of the parish. The relationship between the two men is bitterly opposed by a nurse Mary Mc Menamin who was originally the girl friend of Pete. Her hatred of the two men and her involvement in the paramilitary politics of hate secraranism and bigotry drive her to commit the murder of Les. Mary is put on trial for murder and on the testimony of Pete she is sentenced to life imprisonment for murder. IN retaliation against Pete f or giving evidence to a British court the I.R.A. sentence him to death and have him shot. In the wider field the novel is set against a background of violence and unrest in Ireland in the 1970ties. The thrust of the novel has to do not only with a conflict of good and evil between those who do good and those who do evil in a rural parish but this conflict is seen to run through Irish history where the good and the rational are wiped out by those who do evil, are irrational and are sectarian. Michael Gillespie

The novel---THE WAY IRELAND OUGHT TO BE--- is a fiction of an impressionistic nature derived from the composite life experiences outlined. The novel tells the story of a teacher Dr Quinn who is sectioned in a psychiatric clinic and is told he is schizophrenic. The novel relates his struggle to discover his true self, his true identity as an Irish man and in the struggle he creates The National Government of Ireland Act as the solution to the Irish problem. He gives the Act to Dr Kane to read but the doctor dismisses it as unreadable rubbish. He is then given an injection by force and is turned out of the clinic to live in a dirty dump of a flat. The novel deals with reality, delusion, the imagination, identity and the solution to the Irish problem. The author's concise solution to the Irish problem is at present being published in the Irish political journal---The Blanket---and can be found on the Internet. The author is in his sixties and has been married. He has a family of four and three grandchildren. He is now divorced. He lives in Derry where he has many friends and enjoys the close support of his three sisters. His interests are writing, reading, gardening, interior design, charity work and a daily work out in the local gym. He intends to write two further novels, one titled The Rape of the Virgin, which has to do with good and evil in a rural parish in Ireland and another titled Size Matters, which will deal with communal bigotry in Ireland. Chidi Lynn typed the novel on to disk and Tony Doyle, an art student at the N.W. Institute of Further and Higher Education in Derry, created the design for the cover. Michael Gillespie B.Ed B.Sc (Econ) Dip.Ed D.A.S.E. M.A. ( Ed)

This is the first book-length study of free, white craftsmen and tradesmen in the pre-Civil War South. Michele Gillespie details these workers' worlds and tells how they struggled against declining social and economic opportunities while skilled slaves increasingly took up the mechanical, building, clothing, and decorative arts trades.

(series copy)

These encyclopedic companions are browsable, invaluable individual guides to authors and their works. Useful for students, but written with the general reader in mind, they are clear, concise, accessible, and supply the basic cultural, historical, biographical and critical information so crucial to an appreciation and enjoyment of the primary works. Each is arranged in an A-Z fashion and presents and explains the terms, people, places, and concepts encountered in the literary worlds of James Joyce, Mark Twain, and Virginia Woolf.

As a keen explorer of the mundane material of everyday life, James Joyce ranks high in the canon of modernist writers. He is arguably the most influential writer of the twentieth-century, and may be the most read, studied, and taught of all modern writers. The James Joyce A-Z is the ideal companion to Joyce's life and work. Over 800 concise entries relating to all aspects of Joyce are gathered here in one easy-to-use volume of impressive scope.

Separately they were formidable--together they were unstoppable. Despite their intriguing lives and the deep impact they had on their community and region, the story of Richard Joshua Reynolds (1850-1918) and Katharine Smith Reynolds (1880-1924) has never been fully told. Now Michele Gillespie provides a sweeping account of how R. J. and Katharine succeeded in realizing their American dreams.
From relatively modest beginnings, R. J. launched the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, which would eventually develop two hugely profitable products, Prince Albert pipe tobacco and Camel cigarettes. His marriage in 1905 to Katharine Smith, a dynamic woman thirty years his junior, marked the beginning of a unique partnership that went well beyond the family. As a couple, the Reynoldses conducted a far-ranging social life and, under Katharine's direction, built Reynolda House, a breathtaking estate and model farm. Providing leadership to a series of progressive reform movements and business innovations, they helped drive one of the South's best examples of rapid urbanization and changing race relations in the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Together they became one of the New South's most influential elite couples. Upon R. J.'s death, Katharine reinvented herself, marrying a World War I veteran many years her junior and engaging in a significant new set of philanthropic pursuits.
"Katharine and R. J. Reynolds" reveals the broad economic, social, cultural, and political changes that were the backdrop to the Reynoldses' lives. Portraying a New South shaped by tensions between rural poverty and industrial transformation, white working-class inferiority and deeply entrenched racism, and the solidification of a one-party political system, Gillespie offers a masterful life-and-times biography of these important North Carolinians.

By the twentieth century, North Carolina's progressive streak had strengthened, thanks in part to a growing number of women who engaged in and influenced state and national policies and politics. In 1902, Daisy Denson became the first woman to head the state's welfare board, and from that position she addressed a number of issues, including child labour and prison reform. Gertrude Weil fought tirelessly for the Nineteenth Amendment, which extended suffrage to women, and founded the state chapter of the League of Women Voters once the amendment was ratified in 1920. Gladys Avery Tillett, an ardent Democrat and supporter of Roosevelt's New Deal, became a major presence in her party at both the state and national levels. Guion Griffis Johnson turned to volunteer work in the post-war years, becoming one of the state's most prominent female civic leaders. Through her excellent education, keen legal mind, and family prominence, Susie Sharp in 1949 became the first woman judge in North Carolina and in 1974 the first woman in the nation to be elected and serve as chief justice of a state supreme court. Throughout her life, the Reverend Dr. Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray charted a religious, literary, and political path to racial reconciliation on both a national stage and in North Carolina. This is the second of two volumes that together explore the diverse and changing patterns of North Carolina women's lives. These essays cover the period beginning with women born in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but who made their greatest contributions to the social, political, cultural, legal, and economic life of the state during the late progressive era through the late twentieth century.

By the twentieth century, North Carolina's progressive streak had strengthened, thanks in part to a growing number of women who engaged in and influenced state and national policies and politics. In 1902, Daisy Denson became the first woman to head the state's welfare board, and from that position she addressed a number of issues, including child labour and prison reform. Gertrude Weil fought tirelessly for the Nineteenth Amendment, which extended suffrage to women, and founded the state chapter of the League of Women Voters once the amendment was ratified in 1920. Gladys Avery Tillett, an ardent Democrat and supporter of Roosevelt's New Deal, became a major presence in her party at both the state and national levels. Guion Griffis Johnson turned to volunteer work in the post-war years, becoming one of the state's most prominent female civic leaders. Through her excellent education, keen legal mind, and family prominence, Susie Sharp in 1949 became the first woman judge in North Carolina and in 1974 the first woman in the nation to be elected and serve as chief justice of a state supreme court. Throughout her life, the Reverend Dr. Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray charted a religious, literary, and political path to racial reconciliation on both a national stage and in North Carolina. This is the second of two volumes that together explore the diverse and changing patterns of North Carolina women's lives. These essays cover the period beginning with women born in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but who made their greatest contributions to the social, political, cultural, legal, and economic life of the state during the late progressive era through the late twentieth century.

Covering a period from the late colonial age to World War I and beyond, this collection of essays places the economic history of the American South in an international light by establishing useful comparisons with the larger Atlantic and world economy. In an attempt to dispel long-lasting myths about the South, the essays analyze the economic evolution of the South from the slave era. The once-common conception of a backward, wholly agricultural antebellum South occupied only by wealthy planters, poor whites, and contented slaves has finally given way to one of economic and social dynamism as well as regional prosperity. In a coherent and cohesive progression of subjects, these essays show that the South was deeply enmeshed in the Atlantic economy since the colonial age and, after the Civil War, retained distinctive needs that caused increasing departure from the course northerners were taking on matters of political economy. This approach also helps explain the motivations behind the political choices made by the South as an eminently export-oriented region. This book shows that the South was not industrially slower to develop than either the majority of the northern states, especially in the West, or the countries of Western Europe. In fact, the apparently disappointing performance of the New South's economy appears to be the result of more pervasive and largely uncontrollable trends that affected the national as well as the international economy. Global Perspectives on Industrial Transformation in the American South makes an important contribution to the economic history of the South and to recent efforts to place American history in a more international context.

This collection of original essays by the nation's leading political theorists examines the origins of modernity and considers the question of tolerance as a product of early modern religious skepticism. Rather than approaching the problem through a purely historical lens, the authors actively demonstrate the significance of these issues to contemporary debates in political philosophy and public policy. The contributors to Early Modern Skepticism raise and address questions of the utmost significance: Is religious faith necessary for ethical behavior? Is skepticism a fruitful ground from which to argue for toleration? This book will be of interest to historians, philosophers, religious scholars, and political theorists--anyone concerned about the tensions between private beliefs and public behavior.

The Devil's Lane highlights important new work on sexuality, race, and gender in the South from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Contributors explore legal history by examining race, crime and punishment, sex across the colour line, and slander. Emerging stars and established scholars such as Peter Wood and Carol Berkin weave together the fascinating story of competing agendas and clashing cultures on the southern frontier.