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This book is the first to critically analyze Buddhist-Muslim
relations in Theravada Buddhist majority states in South and
Southeast Asia. Asia is home to the largest population of Buddhists
and Muslims. In recent years, this interfaith communal living has
incurred conflicts, such as the ethnic-religious conflicts in
Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Experts from around the world
collaborate to provide a comprehensive look into religious
pluralism and religious violence. The book is divided into two
sections. The first section provides historical background to the
three countries with the largest Buddhist-Muslim relations. The
second section has chapters that focus on specific encounters
between Buddhists and Muslims, which includes anti-Buddhist
sentiments in Bangladesh, the role of gender in Muslim-Buddhist
relations and the rise of anti-Muslim and anti-Rohingya sentiments
in Myanmar. By exploring historical fluctuations over time-paying
particular attention to how state-formations condition
Muslim-Buddhist entanglements-the book shows the processual and
relational aspects of religious identity constructions and
Buddhist-Muslim interactions in Theravada Buddhist majority states.
Through sections containing overview essays and reference entries
related to particular religions, this resource explores the rise of
religious violence, hate crime, and persecution around the world.
Religious violence and persecution have been growing steadily both
within the United States and around the world. Drawing on the
expertise of a wide range of scholars, this current and
comprehensive reference helps readers understand the persecution of
members of particular faiths as well as violence committed by
members of those faiths. In doing so, it promotes a greater
understanding of the role of religion in global politics, domestic
and international terrorism, and religious bigotry. The book
contains sections on particular religious traditions from around
the world. Each section begins with an overview essay surveying
violence related to that particular religion, whether committed by
or against members of that faith. Reference entries in each section
then provide objective, fundamental information about particular
topics related to violence and the religion discussed. The entries
provide cross-references and suggestions for further reading, and
the work closes with a bibliography of resources for further study.
Sections are devoted to particular religions from around the world.
Overview essays in each section survey religious violence
associated with that particular faith. Reference entries in each
section provide current fundamental information about specific
topics related to religious violence within a faith tradition.
Excerpts from primary source documents give readers first-hand
accounts of religious violence for critical analysis.
Cross-references and suggestions for further reading direct users
to related topics and additional resources.
Although Buddhism is known for emphasizing the importance of
detachment from materiality and money, in the last few decades
Buddhists have become increasingly ensconced in the global market
economy. The contributors to this volume address how Buddhists have
become active participants in market dynamics in a global age, and
how Buddhists and non-Buddhists alike engage Buddhism economically.
Whether adopting market logics to promote the Buddha's teachings,
serving as a source of semantics and technologies to maximize
company profits, or reacting against the marketing and branding of
the religion, Buddhists in the twenty-first century are marked by a
heightened engagement with capitalism. Eight case studies present
new research on contemporary Buddhist economic dynamics with an
emphasis on not only the economic dimensions of religion, but also
the religious dimensions of economic relations. In a wide range of
geographic settings from Asia to Europe and beyond, the studies
examine institutional as well as individual actions and responses
to Buddhist economic relations. The research in this volume
illustrates Buddhism's positioning in various ways - as a religion,
spirituality, and non-religion; an identification, tradition, and
culture; a source of values and morals; a world-view and way of
life; a philosophy and science; even an economy, brand, and
commodity. The work explores Buddhism's flexible and shifting
qualities within the context of capitalism, and consumer society's
reshaping of its portrayal and promotion in contemporary societies
worldwide.
This book is the first to critically analyze Buddhist-Muslim
relations in Theravada Buddhist majority states in South and
Southeast Asia. Asia is home to the largest population of Buddhists
and Muslims. In recent years, this interfaith communal living has
incurred conflicts, such as the ethnic-religious conflicts in
Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Experts from around the world
collaborate to provide a comprehensive look into religious
pluralism and religious violence. The book is divided into two
sections. The first section provides historical background to the
three countries with the largest Buddhist-Muslim relations. The
second section has chapters that focus on specific encounters
between Buddhists and Muslims, which includes anti-Buddhist
sentiments in Bangladesh, the role of gender in Muslim-Buddhist
relations and the rise of anti-Muslim and anti-Rohingya sentiments
in Myanmar. By exploring historical fluctuations over time-paying
particular attention to how state-formations condition
Muslim-Buddhist entanglements-the book shows the processual and
relational aspects of religious identity constructions and
Buddhist-Muslim interactions in Theravada Buddhist majority states.
Buddhism has played a significant role in the current global rise
in religious nationalism and violence, but the violent aspects of
Buddhist tradition have been neglected in the outpouring of
academic analyses and case studies of this disturbing trend. This
book offers eight essays examining the dark side of a tradition
often regarded as the religion of peace. The authors note the
conflict between the Buddhist norms of non-violence and the
prohibition of the killing of sentient beings and acts of state
violence supported by the Buddhist community (sangha), acts of
civil violence in which monks participate, and Buddhist
intersectarian violence. They consider contemporary and historical
cases of Buddhist warfare from a wide range of traditions -
Tibetan, Mongolian, Japanese, Chinese, Sri Lankan, and Thai -
critically examining both Buddhist textual sources justifying
violence and Buddhist actors currently engaged in violence. They
draw not only on archival material but interviews with those living
and involved in war zones around the world. The book enriches our
understanding both of the complexities of the Buddhist tradition
and of the violence that is found in virtually all of the world's
religious traditions.
Buddhism has played a significant role in the current global rise
in religious nationalism and violence, but the violent aspects of
Buddhist tradition have been neglected in the outpouring of
academic analyses and case studies of this disturbing trend. This
book offers eight essays examining the dark side of a tradition
often regarded as the religion of peace. The authors note the
conflict between the Buddhist norms of non-violence and the
prohibition of the killing of sentient beings and acts of state
violence supported by the Buddhist community (sangha), acts of
civil violence in which monks participate, and Buddhist
intersectarian violence. They consider contemporary and historical
cases of Buddhist warfare from a wide range of traditions -
Tibetan, Mongolian, Japanese, Chinese, Sri Lankan, and Thai -
critically examining both Buddhist textual sources justifying
violence and Buddhist actors currently engaged in violence. They
draw not only on archival material but interviews with those living
and involved in war zones around the world. The book enriches our
understanding both of the complexities of the Buddhist tradition
and of the violence that is found in virtually all of the world's
religious traditions.
Although Buddhism is known for emphasizing the importance of
detachment from materiality and money, in the last few decades
Buddhists have become increasingly ensconced in the global market
economy. The contributors to this volume address how Buddhists have
become active participants in market dynamics in a global age, and
how Buddhists and non-Buddhists alike engage Buddhism economically.
Whether adopting market logics to promote the Buddha's teachings,
serving as a source of semantics and technologies to maximize
company profits, or reacting against the marketing and branding of
the religion, Buddhists in the twenty-first century are marked by a
heightened engagement with capitalism. Eight case studies present
new research on contemporary Buddhist economic dynamics with an
emphasis on not only the economic dimensions of religion, but also
the religious dimensions of economic relations. In a wide range of
geographic settings from Asia to Europe and beyond, the studies
examine institutional as well as individual actions and responses
to Buddhist economic relations. The research in this volume
illustrates Buddhism's positioning in various ways-as a religion,
spirituality, and non-religion; an identification, tradition, and
culture; a source of values and morals; a world-view and way of
life; a philosophy and science; even an economy, brand, and
commodity. The work explores Buddhism's flexible and shifting
qualities within the context of capitalism, and consumer society's
reshaping of its portrayal and promotion in contemporary societies
worldwide.
Violence has always played a part in the religious imagination,
from symbols and myths to legendary battles, from colossal wars to
the theater of terrorism. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and
Violence surveys intersections between religion and violence
throughout history and around the world. The forty original essays
in this volume include overviews of major religious traditions,
showing how violence is justified within the literary and
theological foundations of the tradition, how it is used
symbolically and in ritual practice, and how social acts of
violence and warfare have been justified by religious ideas. The
essays also examine patterns and themes relating to religious
violence, such as sacrifice and martyrdom, which are explored in
cross-disciplinary or regional analyses; and offer major analytic
approaches, from literary to social scientific studies. The
contributors to this volume--innovative thinkers who are forging
new directions in theory and analysis related to religion and
violence--provide novel insights into this important field of
studies. By mapping out the whole field of religion and violence,
The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence will prove an
authoritative source for students and scholars for years to come.
Though much has been written about particular forms of violence
related to religion, such as sacrificial rites and militant
martyrdom, there have been few efforts to survey the phenomena in
all of the world's major religious traditions, historically and in
the present, viewing the subject in personal as well as social
dimensions, and covering both literary themes and political
conflicts. This compact collection of essays provides such an
overview. Each of the essays explores the ways in which violence is
justified within the literary and theological foundation of the
tradition, how it is used symbolically and in ritual practice, and
how social acts of vengeance and warfare have been justified by
religious ideas. The nature of the connection between violence and
faith has always been a topic of heated debate, especially as acts
of violence performed in the name of religion have erupted onto the
global stage. Some scholars argue that these acts of violence are
not really religious at all, but symptomatic of other elements of
society or human nature. Others however point to the fact that
often the perpetrators of these acts cite the faith's own
foundational texts as their inspiration-and that the occurrence of
violence in the name of religion exists across all faith
traditions. Is violence, then, the rare exception in religious
traditions or is it one of the rules? The contributors to this
volume explore many possible approaches to this question and myriad
others. How is religion defined? Must a religion be centered on
supernatural beings? Does the term refer to social behavior or
private? Is dogma or practice the key to its essence? Is it a
philosophical system or a poetic structure? And how should violence
be defined? From whose perspective and at what point is an act to
be deemed violent? What act cannot be construed as violent in some
way? For instance, are we talking only about war and genocide, or
psychological coercion, social restrictions and binding
categorizations? Collectively, the essays in this volume reflect
the complex and contested meanings of both religion and violence,
providing overviews of engagements with violence in Hindu,
Buddhist, Chinese, Sikh, Jewish, Christian, Islamic, African, and
Pacific Island religious traditions. By shedding light on the
intersection of violence with faith, this volume does much to
expand the understanding of the nature of religion itself, and the
diverse forms it may take.
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