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Population aging often provokes fears of impending social security
deficits, uncontrollable medical expenditures, and transformations
in living arrangements, but public policy could also stimulate
social innovations. These issues are typically studied at the
national level; yet they must be resolved where most people
live--in diverse neighborhoods in cities.
New York. London. Paris. Although these cities have similar sociodemographic characteristics, including income inequalities and ethnic diversity, they have vastly different health systems and services. This book compares the three and considers lessons that can be applied to current and future debates about urban health care. Highlighting the importance of a national policy for city health systems, the authors use well-established indicators and comparable data sources to shed light on urban health policy and practice. Their detailed comparison of the three city health systems and the national policy regimes in which they function provides information about access to health care in the developed world's largest cities. The authors first review the current literature on comparative analysis of health systems and offer a brief overview of the public health infrastructure in each city. Later chapters illustrate how timely and appropriate disease prevention, primary care, and specialty health care services can help cities control such problems as premature mortality and heart disease. In providing empirical comparisons of access to care in these three health systems, the authors refute inaccurate claims about health care outside of the United States.
This book analyzes policy fights about what counts as good evidence of safety and effectiveness when it comes to new health care technologies in the United States and what political decisions mean for patients and doctors. Medical technologies often promise to extend and improve quality of life but come with many questions: Are they safe and effective? Are they worth the cost? When should they be allowed on the market, and when should Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance companies be required to pay for drugs, devices, and diagnostic tests? Using case studies of disputes about the value of mammography screening; genetic testing for disease risk; brain imaging technologies to detect biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease; cell-based therapies; and new, expensive drugs, Maschke and Gusmano illustrate how scientific disagreements about what counts as good evidence of safety and effectiveness are often swept up in partisan fights over health care reform and battles among insurance and health care companies, physicians, and patient advocates. Debating Modern Medical Technologies: The Politics of Safety, Effectiveness, and Patient Access reveals stakeholders' differing values and interests regarding patient choice, physician autonomy, risk assessment, government intervention in medicine and technology assessment, and scientific innovation as a driver of national and global economies. It will help readers to understand the nature and complexity of past and current policy disagreements and their effects on patients. Helps readers to understand the political, economic, and ideological dimensions of disputes about health technology assessment and the implications of various policy approaches for patients and the health care system Includes discussion of disputes related to hot topics such as stem cell therapies, mammography screening, genomic tests, breast cancer drugs, and Hepatitis C medications Discusses interest group pressure on government from large pharmaceutical companies and medical device manufacturers Connects to current political rhetoric about speeding up the availability of technology
Population aging often provokes fears of impending social security
deficits, uncontrollable medical expenditures, and transformations
in living arrangements, but public policy could also stimulate
social innovations. These issues are typically studied at the
national level; yet they must be resolved where most people
live--in diverse neighborhoods in cities.
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