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This edited volume is an introduction to diverse methods and
applications in operations research focused on local populations
and community-based organizations that have the potential to
improve the lives of individuals and communities in tangible ways.
The book's themes include: space, place and community;
disadvantaged, underrepresented or underserved populations;
international and transnational applications; multimethod,
cross-disciplinary and comparative approaches and appropriate
technology; and analytics. The book is comprised of eleven original
submissions, a re-print of a 2007 article by Johnson and Smilowitz
that introduces CBOR, and an introductory chapter that provides
policy motivation, antecedents to CBOR in OR/MS, a theory of CBOR
and a comprehensive review of the chapters. It is hoped that this
book will provide a resource to academics and practitioners who
seek to develop methods and applications that bridge the divide
between traditional OR/MS rooted in mathematical models and newer
streams in 'soft OR' that emphasize problem structuring methods,
critical approaches to OR/MS and community engagement and
capacity-building.
This edited volume is an introduction to diverse methods and
applications in operations research focused on local populations
and community-based organizations that have the potential to
improve the lives of individuals and communities in tangible ways.
The book's themes include: space, place and community;
disadvantaged, underrepresented or underserved populations;
international and transnational applications; multimethod,
cross-disciplinary and comparative approaches and appropriate
technology; and analytics. The book is comprised of eleven original
submissions, a re-print of a 2007 article by Johnson and Smilowitz
that introduces CBOR, and an introductory chapter that provides
policy motivation, antecedents to CBOR in OR/MS, a theory of CBOR
and a comprehensive review of the chapters. It is hoped that this
book will provide a resource to academics and practitioners who
seek to develop methods and applications that bridge the divide
between traditional OR/MS rooted in mathematical models and newer
streams in 'soft OR' that emphasize problem structuring methods,
critical approaches to OR/MS and community engagement and
capacity-building.
Traditionally, the secession of the states in the lower South
has been viewed as an irrational response to Lincoln's election or
as a rational response to the genuine threat a Republican president
posed to the geographical expansion of slavery. Both views
emphasize the fundamental importance of relations between the
federal government and the southern states, but overlook the degree
to which secession was a response to a crisis within the South.
Johnson argues that secession was a double revolution -- for
home rule and for those who ruled at home -- brought about by an
internal crisis in southern society. He portrays secession as the
culmination of the long-developing tension between slavery on one
side and the institutional and ideological consequences of the
American Revolution on the other. This tension was masked during
the antebellum years by the conflicting social, political,
sectional, and national loyalties of many southerners. Lincoln's
election forced southerners to choose among their loyalties, and
their choice revealed a South that was divided along lines
coinciding roughly with an interest in slavery and the established
order.
Starting with a thorough analysis of election data and
integrating quantitative with more traditional literary sources,
Johnson goes beyond the act of secession itself to examine what the
secessionists said and did after they left the Union. Although this
book is a close study of secession in Georgia, it has implications
for the rest of the lower South. The result is a new thesis that
presents secession as the response to a more complex set of
motivations than has been recognized.
Domestic violence, a serious and far-reaching social problem, has
generated two key debates among researchers. The first debate is
about gender and domestic violence. Some scholars argue that
domestic violence is primarily male-perpetrated, others that women
are as violent as men in intimate relationships. Johnson's response
to this debate - and the central theme of this book - is that there
is more than one type of intimate partner violence. Some studies
address the type of violence that is perpetrated primarily by men,
while others are getting at the kind of violence that women are
involved in as well. Because there has been no theoretical
framework delineating types of domestic violence, researchers have
easily misread one another's studies.The second major debate
involves how many women are abused each year by their partners.
Estimates range from two to six million. Johnson's response once
again comes from this book's central theme. If there is more than
one type of intimate partner violence, then the numbers depend on
what type you're talking about.Johnson argues that domestic
violence is not a unitary phenomenon. Instead, he delineates three
major, dramatically different, forms of partner violence: intimate
terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. He
roots the conceptual distinctions among the forms of violence in an
analysis of the role of power and control in relationship violence
and shows that the failure to make these basic distinctions among
types of partner violence has produced a research literature that
is plagued by both overgeneralizations and ostensibly contradictory
findings. This volume begins the work of theorizing forms of
domestic violence, a crucial first step to a better understanding
of these phenomena among scholars, social scientists, policy
makers, and service providers.It reassesses thirty years of
domestic violence research and demonstrates three forms of partner
violence, distinctive in their origins, effects, and treatments.
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